 Proinsulin
"Proinsulin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.
| Descriptor ID |
D011384
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| MeSH Number(s) |
D06.472.699.587.200.500 D12.644.548.586.200.500 D12.776.811.706
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| Concept/Terms |
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Proinsulin".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Proinsulin".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Proinsulin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Proinsulin" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 1997 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1998 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2003 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2004 | 3 | 0 | 3 | | 2005 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2008 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2010 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2011 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 2012 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2013 | 4 | 0 | 4 | | 2014 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2016 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2017 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2020 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2021 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2022 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Proinsulin" by people in Profiles.
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Zeitler P, El Ghormli L, Arslanian S, Caprio S, Isganaitis E, Kelsey MK, Weinstock RS, White NH, Drews K. Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: What Are the Early and Late Predictors? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 07 14; 107(8):e3384-e3394.
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Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Torres M, Larkin D, Kappler J, Jin N, Arvan P. Predisposition to Proinsulin Misfolding as a Genetic Risk to Diet-Induced Diabetes. Diabetes. 2021 11; 70(11):2580-2594.
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Quattrin T, Haller MJ, Steck AK, Felner EI, Li Y, Xia Y, Leu JH, Zoka R, Hedrick JA, Rigby MR, Vercruysse F. Golimumab and Beta-Cell Function in Youth with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020 11 19; 383(21):2007-2017.
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Kent SC, Mannering SI, Michels AW, Babon JAB. Deciphering the Pathogenesis of Human Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) by Interrogating T Cells from the "Scene of the Crime". Curr Diab Rep. 2017 09 02; 17(10):95.
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Burnett LC, LeDuc CA, Sulsona CR, Paull D, Rausch R, Eddiry S, Carli JF, Morabito MV, Skowronski AA, Hubner G, Zimmer M, Wang L, Day R, Levy B, Fennoy I, Dubern B, Poitou C, Clement K, Butler MG, Rosenbaum M, Salles JP, Tauber M, Driscoll DJ, Egli D, Leibel RL. Deficiency in prohormone convertase PC1 impairs prohormone processing in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2017 01 03; 127(1):293-305.
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Michels AW, Landry LG, McDaniel KA, Yu L, Campbell-Thompson M, Kwok WW, Jones KL, Gottlieb PA, Kappler JW, Tang Q, Roep BO, Atkinson MA, Mathews CE, Nakayama M. Islet-Derived CD4 T Cells Targeting Proinsulin in Human Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes. 2017 03; 66(3):722-734.
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Lorenzo C, Hanley AJ, Rewers MJ, Haffner SM. Disproportionately elevated proinsulinemia is observed at modestly elevated glucose levels within the normoglycemic range. Acta Diabetol. 2014 Aug; 51(4):617-23.
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Gottlieb P, Utz PJ, Robinson W, Steinman L. Clinical optimization of antigen specific modulation of type 1 diabetes with the plasmid DNA platform. Clin Immunol. 2013 Dec; 149(3):297-306.
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Roep BO, Solvason N, Gottlieb PA, Abreu JRF, Harrison LC, Eisenbarth GS, Yu L, Leviten M, Hagopian WA, Buse JB, von Herrath M, Quan J, King RS, Robinson WH, Utz PJ, Garren H, Steinman L. Plasmid-encoded proinsulin preserves C-peptide while specifically reducing proinsulin-specific CD8? T cells in type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jun 26; 5(191):191ra82.
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Yu L, Dong F, Miao D, Fouts AR, Wenzlau JM, Steck AK. Proinsulin/Insulin autoantibodies measured with electrochemiluminescent assay are the earliest indicator of prediabetic islet autoimmunity. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug; 36(8):2266-70.
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