Activation of adult rat CNS endothelial cells by opioid-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling induces proinflammatory, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral sequelae.
Grace PM, Ramos KM, Rodgers KM, Wang X, Hutchinson MR, Lewis MT, Morgan KN, Kroll JL, Taylor FR, Strand KA, Zhang Y, Berkelhammer D, Huey MG, Greene LI, Cochran TA, Yin H, Barth DS, Johnson KW, Rice KC, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Activation of adult rat CNS endothelial cells by opioid-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling induces proinflammatory, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral sequelae. Neuroscience. 2014 Nov 07; 280:299-317.