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Vernon M Holers

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-MED
Phone303/724-7605

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    T32AR007534     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Aug 1, 1986 - Jun 30, 2022
    NIH/NIAMS
    Research Training in Rheumatology
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01CA053615     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Jul 1, 1991 - Jun 30, 2008
    NIH/NCI
    C3d/EBV Receptor Ligand Binding Sites
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AI031105     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Jun 1, 1993 - Apr 30, 2010
    NIH/NIAID
    Mouse Membrane RCA Proteins in the Immune Response
    Role: Principal Investigator
    U19AI046374     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Sep 28, 1999 - Mar 31, 2010
    NIH/NIAID
    Denver Autoimmunity Center of Excellence
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R13AR048234     (CRONSTEIN, BRUCE NEIL)Jul 1, 2002 - Jun 30, 2015
    NIH/NIAMS
    ACR Basic Research Conference
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R21AI061479     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Jul 15, 2004 - Jun 30, 2006
    NIH/NIAID
    Evolution of Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR051749     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Sep 10, 2004 - Mar 31, 2020
    NIH/NIAMS
    Complement in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Arthritis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR051394     (NORRIS, JILL M)Jul 18, 2005 - Jun 30, 2012
    NIH/NIAMS
    RA-Related Autoantibodies in Healthy FDR of RA Patients
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    U01AI101981     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Jul 5, 2012 - Jun 30, 2022
    NIH/NIAID
    Prevention Center U01: Early Targets for Antigen-Specific Tolerance Induction in Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI105717     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Feb 1, 2013 - Jan 31, 2015
    NIH/NIAID
    Disconnecting CR2/CD21 from Its C3d Ligand to Ameliorate Lupus
    Role: Principal Investigator
    UM1AI110503     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)May 1, 2014 - Apr 30, 2019
    NIH/NIAID
    Colorado Autoimmunity Center of Excellence
    Role: Principal Investigator
    UH2AR067681     (HOLERS, VERNON MICHAEL)Sep 24, 2014 - May 31, 2019
    NIH/NIAMS
    Evolving Adaptive and Effector Mechanisms from Pre-RA Through Established Disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    UM2AR067678     (UTZ, PAUL JOSEPH)Sep 24, 2014 - May 31, 2019
    NIH/NIAMS
    AMP RA/SLE Leadership Center
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Holers VM, Demoruelle MK, Kuhn KA, Buckner JH, Robinson WH, Okamoto Y, Norris JM, Deane KD. Rheumatoid arthritis and the mucosal origins hypothesis: protection turns to destruction. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Aug 15. PMID: 30111803.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Tenner AJ, Atkinson JP, Holers VM. Preface to the Special issue for the 27th International complement workshop. Mol Immunol. 2018 Jul 27. PMID: 30060927.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Jalal D, Renner B, Laskowski J, Stites E, Cooper J, Valente K, You Z, Perrenoud L, Le Quintrec M, Muhamed I, Christians U, Klawitter J, Lindorfer MA, Taylor RP, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Endothelial Microparticles and Systemic Complement Activation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jul 13; 7(14). PMID: 30006493.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Donlin LT, Rao DA, Wei K, Slowikowski K, McGeachy MJ, Turner JD, Meednu N, Mizoguchi F, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Lieb DJ, Keegan J, Muskat K, Hillman J, Rozo C, Ricker E, Eisenhaure TM, Li S, Browne EP, Chicoine A, Sutherby D, Noma A, Nusbaum C, Kelly S, Pernis AB, Ivashkiv LB, Goodman SM, Robinson WH, Utz PJ, Lederer JA, Gravallese EM, Boyce BF, Hacohen N, Pitzalis C, Gregersen PK, Firestein GS, Raychaudhuri S, Moreland LW, Holers VM, Bykerk VP, Filer A, Boyle DL, Brenner MB, Anolik JH. Methods for high-dimensonal analysis of cells dissociated from cyropreserved synovial tissue. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Jul 11; 20(1):139. PMID: 29996944.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Hughes-Austin JM, Deane KD, Giles JT, Derber LA, Zerbe GO, Dabelea DM, Sokolove J, Robinson WH, Holers VM, Norris JM. Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines in autoantibody positive first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients. PLoS One. 2018; 13(6):e0199578. PMID: 29940013.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Holers VM, Banda NK. Complement in the Initiation and Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol. 2018; 9:1057. PMID: 29892280.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Lingampalli N, Sokolove J, Lahey LJ, Edison JD, Gilliland WR, Holers VM, Deane KD, Robinson WH. Combination of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor is associated with increased systemic inflammatory mediators and more rapid progression from preclinical to clinical rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol. 2018 May 26. PMID: 29842946.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Verheul MK, Böhringer S, van Delft MAM, Jones JD, Rigby WFC, Gan RW, Holers VM, Edison JD, Deane KD, Janssen KMJ, Westra J, Brink M, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Huizinga TWJ, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, van der Woude D, Toes REM, Trouw LA. The combination of three autoantibodies, ACPA, RF and anti-CarP antibodies is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis: implications for very early identification of individuals at risk to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 May 21. PMID: 29781231.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Okamoto T, Mathai SK, Hennessy CE, Hancock LA, Walts AD, Stefanski AL, Brown KK, Lynch DA, Cosgrove GP, Groshong SD, Cool CD, Schwarz MI, Banda NK, Thurman JM, Yang IV, Holers VM, Schwartz DA. The relationship between complement C3 expression and the MUC5B genotype in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018 Jul 01; 315(1):L1-L10. PMID: 29565179.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Mihai S, Hirose M, Wang Y, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Morgan BP, Köhl J, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Nimmerjahn F. Specific Inhibition of Complement Activation Significantly Ameliorates Autoimmune Blistering Disease in Mice. Front Immunol. 2018; 9:535. PMID: 29616034.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Demoruelle MK, Bowers E, Lahey LJ, Sokolove J, Purmalek M, Seto NL, Weisman MH, Norris JM, Kaplan MJ, Holers VM, Robinson WH, Deane KD. Antibody Responses to Citrullinated and Noncitrullinated Antigens in the Sputum of Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Subjects at Risk for Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 Apr; 70(4):516-527. PMID: 29266801.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Goetz L, Laskowski J, Renner B, Pickering MC, Kulik L, Klawitter J, Stites E, Christians U, van der Vlag J, Ravichandran K, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Complement factor H protects mice from ischemic acute kidney injury but is not critical for controlling complement activation by glomerular IgM. Eur J Immunol. 2018 May; 48(5):791-802. PMID: 29389016.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Hughes-Austin JM, Gan RW, Deane KD, Weisman MH, Demoruelle MK, Sokolove J, Robinson WH, Holers VM, Norris JM, Ix JH. Association of Antibodies to Citrullinated Protein Antigens with Blood Pressure in First-Degree Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: The Studies of the Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Nephrol. 2017; 46(6):481-487. PMID: 29237149.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Gan RW, Bemis EA, Demoruelle MK, Striebich CC, Brake S, Feser ML, Moss L, Clare-Salzler M, Holers VM, Deane KD, Norris JM. The association between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and inflammatory arthritis in an anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive population. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 12 01; 56(12):2229-2236. PMID: 29029330.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Antonioli AH, White J, Crawford F, Renner B, Marchbank KJ, Hannan JP, Thurman JM, Marrack P, Holers VM. Modulation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement by Murine Factor H-Related Proteins. J Immunol. 2018 01 01; 200(1):316-326. PMID: 29187587.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Thurman JM, Frazer-Abel A, Holers VM. The Evolving Landscape for Complement Therapeutics in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 11; 69(11):2102-2113. PMID: 28732131.
      View in: PubMed
    17. He YG, Pappworth IY, Rossbach A, Paulin J, Mavimba T, Hayes C, Kulik L, Holers VM, Knight AM, Marchbank KJ. A novel C3d-containing oligomeric vaccine provides insight into the viability of testing human C3d-based vaccines in mice. Immunobiology. 2018 01; 223(1):125-134. PMID: 29017821.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Kelmenson LB, Kuhn KA, Norris JM, Holers VM. Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017 02; 31(1):3-18. PMID: 29221595.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Banda NK, Acharya S, Scheinman RI, Mehta G, Takahashi M, Endo Y, Zhou W, Farrar CA, Sacks SH, Fujita T, Sekine H, Holers VM. Deconstructing the Lectin Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Inflammatory Arthritis: Essential Role of the Lectin Ficolin B and Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Protease 2. J Immunol. 2017 09 01; 199(5):1835-1845. PMID: 28739878.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Birru Talabi M, Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Dorman JS, Deane KD, Robinson WH, Walitt BT, Chang Y, Holers VM, Liu S, Moreland LW. Human Leukocyte Antigen Shared Epitope and Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Rheumatoid Arthritis Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Jul 15; 186(2):245-254. PMID: 28459968.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Narang A, Qiao F, Atkinson C, Zhu H, Yang X, Kulik L, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. Natural IgM antibodies that bind neoepitopes exposed as a result of spinal cord injury , drive secondary injury by activating complement. J Neuroinflammation. 2017 06 19; 14(1):120. PMID: 28629465.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Demoruelle MK, Harrall KK, Ho L, Purmalek MM, Seto NL, Rothfuss HM, Weisman MH, Solomon JJ, Fischer A, Okamoto Y, Kelmenson LB, Parish MC, Feser M, Fleischer C, Anderson C, Mahler M, Norris JM, Kaplan MJ, Cherrington BD, Holers VM, Deane KD. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Are Associated With Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Sputum in Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 06; 69(6):1165-1175. PMID: 28182854.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Deane KD, Striebich CC, Holers VM. Editorial: Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Now Is the Time, but How to Proceed? Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 May; 69(5):873-877. PMID: 28217918.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Willis VC, Banda NK, Cordova KN, Chandra PE, Robinson WH, Cooper DC, Lugo D, Mehta G, Taylor S, Tak PP, Prinjha RK, Lewis HD, Holers VM. Protein arginine deiminase 4 inhibition is sufficient for the amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 05; 188(2):263-274. PMID: 28128853.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Wang G, Griffin JI, Inturi S, Brenneman B, Banda NK, Holers VM, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. In Vitro and In Vivo Differences in Murine Third Complement Component (C3) Opsonization and Macrophage/Leukocyte Responses to Antibody-Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoworms. Front Immunol. 2017; 8:151. PMID: 28239384.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Chen F, Wang G, Griffin JI, Brenneman B, Banda NK, Holers VM, Backos DS, Wu L, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Complement proteins bind to nanoparticle protein corona and undergo dynamic exchange in vivo. Nat Nanotechnol. 2017 05; 12(4):387-393. PMID: 27992410.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Hannan JP, Laskowski J, Thurman JM, Hageman GS, Holers VM. Mapping the Complement Factor H-Related Protein 1 (CFHR1):C3b/C3d Interactions. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11):e0166200. PMID: 27814381.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Chang HH, Liu GY, Dwivedi N, Sun B, Okamoto Y, Kinslow JD, Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Norris JM, Thompson PR, Sparks JA, Rao DA, Karlson EW, Hung HC, Holers VM, Ho IC. A molecular signature of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis triggered by dysregulated PTPN22. JCI Insight. 2016 10 20; 1(17):e90045. PMID: 27777982.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Wang G, Chen F, Banda NK, Holers VM, Wu L, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Activation of Human Complement System by Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Is Not Affected by Dextran/Fe Ratio, Hydroxyl Modifications, and Crosslinking. Front Immunol. 2016; 7:418. PMID: 27777575.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Banda NK, Acharya S, Scheinman RI, Mehta G, Coulombe M, Takahashi M, Sekine H, Thiel S, Fujita T, Holers VM. Mannan-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease 1/3 Cleavage of Pro-Factor D into Factor D In Vivo and Attenuation of Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis through Their Targeted Inhibition by RNA Interference-Mediated Gene Silencing. J Immunol. 2016 11 01; 197(9):3680-3694. PMID: 27707997.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Kinslow JD, Blum LK, Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Okamoto Y, Parish MC, Kongpachith S, Lahey LJ, Norris JM, Robinson WH, Holers VM. Elevated IgA Plasmablast Levels in Subjects at Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 10; 68(10):2372-83. PMID: 27273876.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Holers VM, Tomlinson S, Kulik L, Atkinson C, Rohrer B, Banda N, Thurman JM. New therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for injured tissue-specific targeting of complement inhibitors and imaging modalities. Semin Immunol. 2016 06; 28(3):260-7. PMID: 27282113.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Gan RW, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, Weisman MH, Buckner JH, Gregersen PK, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Keating RM, Fingerlin TE, Zerbe GO, Clare-Salzler MJ, Holers VM, Norris JM. Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of autoantibodies in shared epitope-positive subjects at risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jan; 76(1):147-152. PMID: 27190099.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Laskowski J, Renner B, Le Quintrec M, Panzer S, Hannan JP, Ljubanovic D, Ruseva MM, Borza DB, Antonioli AH, Pickering MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Distinct roles for the complement regulators factor H and Crry in protection of the kidney from injury. Kidney Int. 2016 07; 90(1):109-22. PMID: 27165610.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Rich MC, Keene CN, Neher MD, Johnson K, Yu ZX, Ganivet A, Holers VM, Stahel PF. Site-targeted complement inhibition by a complement receptor 2-conjugated inhibitor (mTT30) ameliorates post-injury neuropathology in mouse brains. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Mar 23; 617:188-94. PMID: 26892188.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Renner B, Tong HH, Laskowski J, Jonscher K, Goetz L, Woolaver R, Hannan J, Li YX, Hourcade D, Pickering MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Annexin A2 Enhances Complement Activation by Inhibiting Factor H. J Immunol. 2016 Feb 01; 196(3):1355-65. PMID: 26729803.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Lynch AM, Wagner BD, Deterding RR, Giclas PC, Gibbs RS, Janoff EN, Holers VM, Santoro NF. The relationship of circulating proteins in early pregnancy with preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr; 214(4):517.e1-517.e8. PMID: 26576488.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Lynch AM, Wagner BD, Giclas PC, West NA, Gibbs RS, Holers VM. The Relationship of Longitudinal Levels of Complement Bb During Pregnancy with Preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016 Feb; 75(2):104-11. PMID: 26510395.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Inturi S, Wang G, Chen F, Banda NK, Holers VM, Wu L, Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Modulatory Role of Surface Coating of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoworms in Complement Opsonization and Leukocyte Uptake. ACS Nano. 2015 Nov 24; 9(11):10758-68. PMID: 26488074.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Gan RW, Young KA, Zerbe GO, Demoruelle MK, Weisman MH, Buckner JH, Gregersen PK, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Keating RM, Clare-Salzler MJ, Deane KD, Holers VM, Norris JM. Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Feb; 55(2):367-76. PMID: 26370400; PMCID: PMC5009416 [Available on 02/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    41. Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Deane KD, Walitt BT, Chang YF, Holers VM, Robinson WH, Tracy RP, Hlatky MA, Eaton CB, Liu S, Freiberg MS, Talabi MB, Schelbert EB, Moreland LW. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Positivity, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Women's Health Initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Sep; 67(9):2311-22. PMID: 25988241; PMCID: PMC4551571.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    42. Raza K, Klareskog L, Holers VM. Predicting and preventing the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jan; 55(1):1-3. PMID: 26224307.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Panzer SE, Laskowski J, Renner B, Kulik L, Ljubanovic D, Huber KM, Zhong W, Pickering MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. IgM exacerbates glomerular disease progression in complement-induced glomerulopathy. Kidney Int. 2015 Sep; 88(3):528-37. PMID: 25945405.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Holers VM. Targeting mechanisms at sites of complement activation for imaging and therapy. Immunobiology. 2016 06; 221(6):726-32. PMID: 25979851; PMCID: PMC4627863 [Available on 06/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    45. Mehta G, Scheinman RI, Holers VM, Banda NK. A New Approach for the Treatment of Arthritis in Mice with a Novel Conjugate of an Anti-C5aR1 Antibody and C5 Small Interfering RNA. J Immunol. 2015 Jun 01; 194(11):5446-54. PMID: 25917104; PMCID: PMC4433857.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Cruickshank MN, Dods J, Taylor RL, Karimi M, Fenwick EJ, Quail EA, Rea AJ, Holers VM, Abraham LJ, Ulgiati D. Analysis of tandem E-box motifs within human Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) promoter reveals cell specific roles for RP58, E2A, USF and localized chromatin accessibility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015 Jul; 64:107-19. PMID: 25817480.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Atkinson C, Qiao F, Yang X, Zhu P, Reaves N, Kulik L, Goddard M, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. Targeting pathogenic postischemic self-recognition by natural IgM to protect against posttransplantation cardiac reperfusion injury. Circulation. 2015 Mar 31; 131(13):1171-80. PMID: 25825397; PMCID: PMC4382916.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Kulik L, Hewitt FB, Willis VC, Rodriguez R, Tomlinson S, Holers VM. A new mouse anti-mouse complement receptor type 2 and 1 (CR2/CR1) monoclonal antibody as a tool to study receptor involvement in chronic models of immune responses and disease. Mol Immunol. 2015 Feb; 63(2):479-88. PMID: 25457881; PMCID: PMC4303539.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    49. Gan RW, Trouw LA, Shi J, Toes RE, Huizinga TW, Demoruelle MK, Kolfenbach JR, Zerbe GO, Deane KD, Edison JD, Gilliland WR, Norris JM, Holers VM. Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies are present prior to rheumatoid arthritis and are associated with its future diagnosis. J Rheumatol. 2015 Apr; 42(4):572-9. PMID: 25593232; PMCID: PMC4383711.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    50. Liang MH, Couto MC, Duarte CC, Gall V, White P, Naides S, Schumacher HR, Hwang AS, Holers VM, Deane KD, Gupta S, Ho IC, Finckh A, Kopec J, Choi CB, Sayre EC. An Internet-based technique for the identification of persons with symptoms of inflammatory polyarthritis of less than 12 weeks. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Mar; 34(3):465-70. PMID: 25339123.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Holers VM. Insights from populations at risk for the future development of classified rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Nov; 40(4):605-20. PMID: 25437280; PMCID: PMC4250577.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. Banda NK, Mehta G, Kjaer TR, Takahashi M, Schaack J, Morrison TE, Thiel S, Arend WP, Holers VM. Essential role for the lectin pathway in collagen antibody-induced arthritis revealed through use of adenovirus programming complement inhibitor MAp44 expression. J Immunol. 2014 Sep 01; 193(5):2455-68. PMID: 25070856; PMCID: PMC4134985.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    53. Yui J, Holers VM, Yang S, Wu HM, Cataland SR. Clinical utility of complement biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of acute thrombotic microangiopathies. Br J Haematol. 2014 Dec; 167(5):697-8. PMID: 25040791.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Neher MD, Rich MC, Keene CN, Weckbach S, Bolden AL, Losacco JT, Patane J, Flierl MA, Kulik L, Holers VM, Stahel PF. Deficiency of complement receptors CR2/CR1 in Cr2?/? mice reduces the extent of secondary brain damage after closed head injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 May 24; 11:95. PMID: 24885042; PMCID: PMC4050415.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    55. Cataland SR, Holers VM, Geyer S, Yang S, Wu HM. Biomarkers of terminal complement activation confirm the diagnosis of aHUS and differentiate aHUS from TTP. Blood. 2014 Jun 12; 123(24):3733-8. PMID: 24695849.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Kuller LH, Mackey RH, Walitt BT, Deane KD, Holers VM, Robinson WH, Sokolove J, Chang Y, Liu S, Parks CG, Wright NC, Moreland LW. Determinants of mortality among postmenopausal women in the women's health initiative who report rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Mar; 66(3):497-507. PMID: 24574208.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Kuller LH, Mackey RH, Walitt BT, Deane KD, Holers VM, Robinson WH, Sokolove J, Chang Y, Moreland LW. Rheumatoid arthritis in the Women's Health Initiative: methods and baseline evaluation. Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr 01; 179(7):917-26. PMID: 24569640; PMCID: PMC3969537.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    58. Holers VM. Complement and its receptors: new insights into human disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 2014; 32:433-59. PMID: 24499275.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Young KA, Terrell DR, Guthridge JM, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, Karp DR, Ishimori ML, Weisman MH, Holers VM, Harley JB, Norris JM, James JA. Smoking is not associated with autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, unaffected first-degree relatives, nor healthy controls. Lupus. 2014 Apr; 23(4):360-9. PMID: 24449338; PMCID: PMC3954895.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    60. Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, Holers VM. When and where does inflammation begin in rheumatoid arthritis? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014 Jan; 26(1):64-71. PMID: 24247116; PMCID: PMC4033623.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    61. Holers VM. Autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins and the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Dec; 25(6):728-35. PMID: 24215742; PMCID: PMC3895448.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    62. Pickering MC, D'Agati VD, Nester CM, Smith RJ, Haas M, Appel GB, Alpers CE, Bajema IM, Bedrosian C, Braun M, Doyle M, Fakhouri F, Fervenza FC, Fogo AB, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Gale DP, Goicoechea de Jorge E, Griffin G, Harris CL, Holers VM, Johnson S, Lavin PJ, Medjeral-Thomas N, Paul Morgan B, Nast CC, Noel LH, Peters DK, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Servais A, Sethi S, Song WC, Tamburini P, Thurman JM, Zavros M, Cook HT. C3 glomerulopathy: consensus report. Kidney Int. 2013 Dec; 84(6):1079-89. PMID: 24172683.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Willis VC, Demoruelle MK, Derber LA, Chartier-Logan CJ, Parish MC, Pedraza IF, Weisman MH, Norris JM, Holers VM, Deane KD. Sputum autoantibodies in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and subjects at risk of future clinically apparent disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Oct; 65(10):2545-54. PMID: 23817979; PMCID: PMC4066465.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    64. Wu TC, Yang S, Haven S, Holers VM, Lundberg AS, Wu H, Cataland SR. Complement activation and mortality during an acute episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Oct; 11(10):1925-7. PMID: 23927533.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Demoruelle MK, Parish MC, Derber LA, Kolfenbach JR, Hughes-Austin JM, Weisman MH, Gilliland W, Edison JD, Buckner JH, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Keating RM, Gregersen PK, Norris JM, Holers VM, Deane KD. Performance of anti-cyclic citrullinated Peptide assays differs in subjects at increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and subjects with established disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Sep; 65(9):2243-52. PMID: 23686569; PMCID: PMC3776020.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    66. Young KA, Deane KD, Derber LA, Hughes-Austin JM, Wagner CA, Sokolove J, Weisman MH, Buckner JH, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Keating RM, Gregersen PK, Robinson WH, Holers VM, Norris JM. Relatives without rheumatoid arthritis show reactivity to anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies that are associated with arthritis-related traits: studies of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Aug; 65(8):1995-2004. PMID: 23754702; PMCID: PMC3729718.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
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    69. Whitcup SM, Sodhi A, Atkinson JP, Holers VM, Sinha D, Rohrer B, Dick AD. The role of the immune response in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Inflam. 2013; 2013:348092. PMID: 23762772; PMCID: PMC3676958.
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    73. Joseph K, Kulik L, Coughlin B, Kunchithapautham K, Bandyopadhyay M, Thiel S, Thielens NM, Holers VM, Rohrer B. Oxidative stress sensitizes retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells to complement-mediated injury in a natural antibody-, lectin pathway-, and phospholipid epitope-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2013 May 03; 288(18):12753-65. PMID: 23493397; PMCID: PMC3642321.
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    74. Walitt B, Mackey R, Kuller L, Deane KD, Robinson W, Holers VM, Chang YF, Moreland L. Predictive value of autoantibody testing for validating self-reported diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 May 01; 177(9):887-93. PMID: 23492764; PMCID: PMC4023293.
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    77. Hu X, Holers VM, Thurman JM, Schoeb TR, Ramos TN, Barnum SR. Therapeutic inhibition of the alternative complement pathway attenuates chronic EAE. Mol Immunol. 2013 Jul; 54(3-4):302-8. PMID: 23337717; PMCID: PMC3602149.
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    78. Cordova KN, Willis VC, Haskins K, Holers VM. A citrullinated fibrinogen-specific T cell line enhances autoimmune arthritis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol. 2013 Feb 15; 190(4):1457-65. PMID: 23319740; PMCID: PMC4108985.
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    81. Liubchenko GA, Appleberry HC, Striebich CC, Franklin KE, Derber LA, Holers VM, Lyubchenko T. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with signaling alterations in naturally occurring autoreactive B-lymphocytes. J Autoimmun. 2013 Feb; 40:111-21. PMID: 23058039; PMCID: PMC3546227.
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    83. Asokan R, Banda NK, Szakonyi G, Chen XS, Holers VM. Human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) as a receptor for DNA: implications for its roles in the immune response and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mol Immunol. 2013 Jan; 53(1-2):99-110. PMID: 22885687; PMCID: PMC3439536.
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    84. Sokolove J, Bromberg R, Deane KD, Lahey LJ, Derber LA, Chandra PE, Edison JD, Gilliland WR, Tibshirani RJ, Norris JM, Holers VM, Robinson WH. Autoantibody epitope spreading in the pre-clinical phase predicts progression to rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e35296. PMID: 22662108; PMCID: PMC3360701.
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    85. Risitano AM, Notaro R, Pascariello C, Sica M, del Vecchio L, Horvath CJ, Fridkis-Hareli M, Selleri C, Lindorfer MA, Taylor RP, Luzzatto L, Holers VM. The complement receptor 2/factor H fusion protein TT30 protects paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes from complement-mediated hemolysis and C3 fragment. Blood. 2012 Jun 28; 119(26):6307-16. PMID: 22577173.
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    87. Thurman JM, Tchepeleva SN, Haas M, Panzer S, Boackle SA, Glogowska MJ, Quigg RJ, Holers VM. Complement alternative pathway activation in the autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012 Jun 15; 302(12):F1529-36. PMID: 22492944; PMCID: PMC3378099.
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    88. Lynch AM, Eckel RH, Murphy JR, Gibbs RS, West NA, Giclas PC, Salmon JE, Holers VM. Prepregnancy obesity and complement system activation in early pregnancy and the subsequent development of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 May; 206(5):428.e1-8. PMID: 22542119.
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    91. Rohrer B, Coughlin B, Bandyopadhyay M, Holers VM. Systemic human CR2-targeted complement alternative pathway inhibitor ameliorates mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Aug; 28(4):402-9. PMID: 22309197; PMCID: PMC3406320.
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    92. Banda NK, Hyatt S, Antonioli AH, White JT, Glogowska M, Takahashi K, Merkel TJ, Stahl GL, Mueller-Ortiz S, Wetsel R, Arend WP, Holers VM. Role of C3a receptors, C5a receptors, and complement protein C6 deficiency in collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice. J Immunol. 2012 Feb 01; 188(3):1469-78. PMID: 22205026.
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    93. Elvington A, Atkinson C, Kulik L, Zhu H, Yu J, Kindy MS, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. Pathogenic natural antibodies propagate cerebral injury following ischemic stroke in mice. J Immunol. 2012 Feb 01; 188(3):1460-8. PMID: 22198950; PMCID: PMC3262954.
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    94. Keith RC, Powers JL, Redente EF, Sergew A, Martin RJ, Gizinski A, Holers VM, Sakaguchi S, Riches DW. A novel model of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease in SKG mice. Exp Lung Res. 2012 Mar; 38(2):55-66. PMID: 22185348.
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    95. Demoruelle MK, Weisman MH, Simonian PL, Lynch DA, Sachs PB, Pedraza IF, Harrington AR, Kolfenbach JR, Striebich CC, Pham QN, Strickland CD, Petersen BD, Parish MC, Derber LA, Norris JM, Holers VM, Deane KD. Brief report: airways abnormalities and rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies in subjects without arthritis: early injury or initiating site of autoimmunity? Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun; 64(6):1756-61. PMID: 22183986; PMCID: PMC3319006.
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    96. Takeda K, Thurman JM, Tomlinson S, Okamoto M, Shiraishi Y, Ferreira VP, Cortes C, Pangburn MK, Holers VM, Gelfand EW. The critical role of complement alternative pathway regulator factor H in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. J Immunol. 2012 Jan 15; 188(2):661-7. PMID: 22174452; PMCID: PMC3253223.
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    97. Wang Q, Rozelle AL, Lepus CM, Scanzello CR, Song JJ, Larsen DM, Crish JF, Bebek G, Ritter SY, Lindstrom TM, Hwang I, Wong HH, Punzi L, Encarnacion A, Shamloo M, Goodman SB, Wyss-Coray T, Goldring SR, Banda NK, Thurman JM, Gobezie R, Crow MK, Holers VM, Lee DM, Robinson WH. Identification of a central role for complement in osteoarthritis. Nat Med. 2011 Nov 06; 17(12):1674-9. PMID: 22057346; PMCID: PMC3257059.
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    98. Khan MA, Jiang X, Dhillon G, Beilke J, Holers VM, Atkinson C, Tomlinson S, Nicolls MR. CD4+ T cells and complement independently mediate graft ischemia in the rejection of mouse orthotopic tracheal transplants. Circ Res. 2011 Nov 11; 109(11):1290-301. PMID: 21998328; PMCID: PMC3243047.
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    99. Banda NK, Takahashi M, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Hyatt S, Glogowska M, Wiles TA, Endo Y, Fujita T, Holers VM, Arend WP. Mechanisms of mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases-1/3 activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Mol Immunol. 2011 Oct; 49(1-2):281-9. PMID: 21943708; PMCID: PMC3226714.
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    100. Fridkis-Hareli M, Storek M, Mazsaroff I, Risitano AM, Lundberg AS, Horvath CJ, Holers VM. Design and development of TT30, a novel C3d-targeted C3/C5 convertase inhibitor for treatment of human complement alternative pathway-mediated diseases. Blood. 2011 Oct 27; 118(17):4705-13. PMID: 21860027; PMCID: PMC3208285.
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    101. Pappworth IY, Hayes C, Dimmick J, Morgan BP, Holers VM, Marchbank KJ. Mice expressing human CR1/CD35 have an enhanced humoral immune response to T-dependent antigens but fail to correct the effect of premature human CR2 expression. Immunobiology. 2012 Feb; 217(2):147-57. PMID: 21783272.
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    102. Renner B, Ferreira VP, Cortes C, Goldberg R, Ljubanovic D, Pangburn MK, Pickering MC, Tomlinson S, Holland-Neidermyer A, Strassheim D, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Binding of factor H to tubular epithelial cells limits interstitial complement activation in ischemic injury. Kidney Int. 2011 Jul; 80(2):165-73. PMID: 21544060; PMCID: PMC3133686.
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    103. Willis VC, Gizinski AM, Banda NK, Causey CP, Knuckley B, Cordova KN, Luo Y, Levitt B, Glogowska M, Chandra P, Kulik L, Robinson WH, Arend WP, Thompson PR, Holers VM. N-a-benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine amide, a protein arginine deiminase inhibitor, reduces the severity of murine collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol. 2011 Apr 01; 186(7):4396-404. PMID: 21346230; PMCID: PMC3085980.
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    104. Kulik L, Chen K, Huber BT, Holers VM. Human complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) transgenic mice provide an in vivo model to study immunoregulatory effects of receptor antagonists. Mol Immunol. 2011 Mar; 48(6-7):883-94. PMID: 21269698.
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    105. Rohrer B, Coughlin B, Kunchithapautham K, Long Q, Tomlinson S, Takahashi K, Holers VM. The alternative pathway is required, but not alone sufficient, for retinal pathology in mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Mol Immunol. 2011 Mar; 48(6-7):e1-8. PMID: 21257205; PMCID: PMC3063365.
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    106. Lynch AM, Gibbs RS, Murphy JR, Giclas PC, Salmon JE, Holers VM. Early elevations of the complement activation fragment C3a and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jan; 117(1):75-83. PMID: 21173647.
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    107. Navarra SV, Ishimori MI, Uy EA, Hamijoyo L, Sama J, James JA, Holers VM, Weisman MH. Studies of Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: autoantibody profile of first-degree relatives. Lupus. 2011 Apr; 20(5):537-43. PMID: 21183559.
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    108. Edelhauser HF, Rowe-Rendleman CL, Robinson MR, Dawson DG, Chader GJ, Grossniklaus HE, Rittenhouse KD, Wilson CG, Weber DA, Kuppermann BD, Csaky KG, Olsen TW, Kompella UB, Holers VM, Hageman GS, Gilger BC, Campochiaro PA, Whitcup SM, Wong WT. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of retinal diseases: basic research to clinical applications. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Nov; 51(11):5403-20. PMID: 20980702; PMCID: PMC3061492.
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    109. Deane KD, O'Donnell CI, Hueber W, Majka DS, Lazar AA, Derber LA, Gilliland WR, Edison JD, Norris JM, Robinson WH, Holers VM. The number of elevated cytokines and chemokines in preclinical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis predicts time to diagnosis in an age-dependent manner. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Nov; 62(11):3161-72. PMID: 20597112; PMCID: PMC2980824.
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    110. Shaw CD, Storek MJ, Young KA, Kovacs JM, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Hannan JP. Delineation of the complement receptor type 2-C3d complex by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking. J Mol Biol. 2010 Dec 10; 404(4):697-710. PMID: 20951140.
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    111. Tan W, Wu H, Zhao J, Derber LA, Lee DM, Shadick NA, Conn DL, Smith EA, Gersuk VH, Nepom GT, Moreland LW, Furst DE, Thompson SD, Jonas BL, Holers VM, Glass DN, Chen PP, Bridges SL, Weinblatt ME, Paulus HE, Tsao BP. A functional RANKL polymorphism associated with younger age at onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Oct; 62(10):2864-75. PMID: 20533289; PMCID: PMC2944013.
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    113. Renner B, Strassheim D, Amura CR, Kulik L, Ljubanovic D, Glogowska MJ, Takahashi K, Carroll MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. B cell subsets contribute to renal injury and renal protection after ischemia/reperfusion. J Immunol. 2010 Oct 01; 185(7):4393-400. PMID: 20810984; PMCID: PMC3133676.
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    114. Kolfenbach JR, Deane KD, Derber LA, O'Donnell CI, Gilliland WR, Edison JD, Rosen A, Darrah E, Norris JM, Holers VM. Autoimmunity to peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 precedes clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep; 62(9):2633-9. PMID: 20496417; PMCID: PMC2946499.
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    115. Ercan A, Cui J, Chatterton DE, Deane KD, Hazen MM, Brintnell W, O'Donnell CI, Derber LA, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NA, Bell DA, Cairns E, Solomon DH, Holers VM, Rudd PM, Lee DM. Aberrant IgG galactosylation precedes disease onset, correlates with disease activity, and is prevalent in autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Aug; 62(8):2239-48. PMID: 20506563; PMCID: PMC4118465.
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    116. Renner B, Coleman K, Goldberg R, Amura C, Holland-Neidermyer A, Pierce K, Orth HN, Molina H, Ferreira VP, Cortes C, Pangburn MK, Holers VM, Thurman JM. The complement inhibitors Crry and factor H are critical for preventing autologous complement activation on renal tubular epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 01; 185(5):3086-94. PMID: 20675597; PMCID: PMC3133690.
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    118. Quan TE, Roman RM, Rudenga BJ, Holers VM, Craft JE. Epstein-Barr virus promotes interferon-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jun; 62(6):1693-701. PMID: 20178121; PMCID: PMC2885535.
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    120. Serkova NJ, Renner B, Larsen BA, Stoldt CR, Hasebroock KM, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Renal inflammation: targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for molecular MR imaging in mice. Radiology. 2010 May; 255(2):517-26. PMID: 20332377; PMCID: PMC2858816.
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    121. Briggs FB, Ramsay PP, Madden E, Norris JM, Holers VM, Mikuls TR, Sokka T, Seldin MF, Gregersen PK, Criswell LA, Barcellos LF. Supervised machine learning and logistic regression identifies novel epistatic risk factors with PTPN22 for rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun. 2010 Apr; 11(3):199-208. PMID: 20090771; PMCID: PMC3118040.
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    122. Lynch AM, Murphy JR, Gibbs RS, Levine RJ, Giclas PC, Salmon JE, Holers VM. The interrelationship of complement-activation fragments and angiogenesis-related factors in early pregnancy and their association with pre-eclampsia. BJOG. 2010 Mar; 117(4):456-62. PMID: 20074261.
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    123. Thurman JM, Renner B, Kunchithapautham K, Holers VM, Rohrer B. Aseptic injury to epithelial cells alters cell surface complement regulation in a tissue specific fashion. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 664:151-8. PMID: 20238013.
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    124. Rohrer B, Long Q, Coughlin B, Renner B, Huang Y, Kunchithapautham K, Ferreira VP, Pangburn MK, Gilkeson GS, Thurman JM, Tomlinson S, Holers VM. A targeted inhibitor of the complement alternative pathway reduces RPE injury and angiogenesis in models of age-related macular degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 703:137-49. PMID: 20711712.
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    126. Deane KD, Striebich CC, Goldstein BL, Derber LA, Parish MC, Feser ML, Hamburger EM, Brake S, Belz C, Goddard J, Norris JM, Karlson EW, Holers VM. Identification of undiagnosed inflammatory arthritis in a community health fair screen. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec 15; 61(12):1642-9. PMID: 19950306; PMCID: PMC2913880.
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    128. Banda NK, Levitt B, Glogowska MJ, Thurman JM, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Tomlinson S, Arend WP, Holers VM. Targeted inhibition of the complement alternative pathway with complement receptor 2 and factor H attenuates collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice. J Immunol. 2009 Nov 01; 183(9):5928-37. PMID: 19828624; PMCID: PMC2828354.
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    129. Thurman JM, Marians R, Emlen W, Wood S, Smith C, Akana H, Holers VM, Lesser M, Kline M, Hoffman C, Christen E, Trachtman H. Alternative pathway of complement in children with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Dec; 4(12):1920-4. PMID: 19820137; PMCID: PMC2798880.
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    130. Xu X, Hsu HC, Chen J, Grizzle WE, Chatham WW, Stockard CR, Wu Q, Yang PA, Holers VM, Mountz JD. Increased expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase is associated with anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol. 2009 Sep; 70(3):309-16. PMID: 19703021; PMCID: PMC3674772.
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    131. Ricklin D, Tzekou A, Garcia BL, Hammel M, McWhorter WJ, Sfyroera G, Wu YQ, Holers VM, Herbert AP, Barlow PN, Geisbrecht BV, Lambris JD. A molecular insight into complement evasion by the staphylococcal complement inhibitor protein family. J Immunol. 2009 Aug 15; 183(4):2565-74. PMID: 19625656; PMCID: PMC2881335.
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    132. Gregersen PK, Amos CI, Lee AT, Lu Y, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Seldin MF, Criswell LA, Plenge RM, Holers VM, Mikuls TR, Sokka T, Moreland LW, Bridges SL, Xie G, Begovich AB, Siminovitch KA. REL, encoding a member of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors, is a newly defined risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet. 2009 Jul; 41(7):820-3. PMID: 19503088; PMCID: PMC2705058.
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    133. Kulik L, Fleming SD, Moratz C, Reuter JW, Novikov A, Chen K, Andrews KA, Markaryan A, Quigg RJ, Silverman GJ, Tsokos GC, Holers VM. Pathogenic natural antibodies recognizing annexin IV are required to develop intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2009 May 01; 182(9):5363-73. PMID: 19380783; PMCID: PMC2820395.
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    134. Thurman JM, Renner B, Kunchithapautham K, Ferreira VP, Pangburn MK, Ablonczy Z, Tomlinson S, Holers VM, Rohrer B. Oxidative stress renders retinal pigment epithelial cells susceptible to complement-mediated injury. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jun 19; 284(25):16939-47. PMID: 19386604; PMCID: PMC2719331.
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    135. Twohig JP, Pappworth IY, Sivasankar B, Kulik L, Bull M, Holers VM, Wang EC, Marchbank KJ. Defective B cell ontogeny and humoral immune response in mice prematurely expressing human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) is similar to that seen in aging wild type mice. Mol Immunol. 2009 Jun; 46(10):2002-13. PMID: 19359041; PMCID: PMC2706330.
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    136. Feser M, Derber LA, Deane KD, Lezotte DC, Weisman MH, Buckner JH, Mikuls T, O'Dell J, Gregersen PK, Holers VM, Norris JM. Plasma 25,OH vitamin D concentrations are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies in individuals at elevated risk for RA. J Rheumatol. 2009 May; 36(5):943-6. PMID: 19286844.
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    137. Gizinski AM, Mascolo M, Loucks JL, Kervitsky A, Meehan RT, Brown KK, Holers VM, Deane KD. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific autoantibodies in patients with interstitial lung disease and absence of clinically apparent articular RA. Clin Rheumatol. 2009 May; 28(5):611-3. PMID: 19252818; PMCID: PMC4084723.
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    139. Kovacs JM, Hannan JP, Eisenmesser EZ, Holers VM. Mapping of the C3d ligand binding site on complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) using nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical shift analysis. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 03; 284(14):9513-20. PMID: 19164292; PMCID: PMC2666603.
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    140. Huang Y, Qiao F, Atkinson C, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. A novel targeted inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement and its therapeutic application in ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 01; 181(11):8068-76. PMID: 19017999; PMCID: PMC2782395.
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    141. Lyubchenko T, Nielsen JP, Miller SM, Liubchenko GA, Holers VM. Role of initial protein phosphorylation events and localized release-activated calcium influx in B cell antigen receptor signaling. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Feb; 85(2):298-309. PMID: 19028960; PMCID: PMC2631365.
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    142. Mikuls TR, Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, Thiele GM, Maziarz E, Cannella AC, Holers VM, Kuhn KA, O'Dell JR. Antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jan; 9(1):38-42. PMID: 18848647; PMCID: PMC2748386.
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    143. Lynch AM, Gibbs RS, Murphy JR, Byers T, Neville MC, Giclas PC, Salmon JE, Van Hecke TM, Holers VM. Complement activation fragment Bb in early pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Oct; 199(4):354.e1-8. PMID: 18928972; PMCID: PMC2586079.
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    144. Banda NK, Wood AK, Takahashi K, Levitt B, Rudd PM, Royle L, Abrahams JL, Stahl GL, Holers VM, Arend WP. Initiation of the alternative pathway of murine complement by immune complexes is dependent on N-glycans in IgG antibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct; 58(10):3081-9. PMID: 18821684; PMCID: PMC2574875.
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    145. Young KA, Herbert AP, Barlow PN, Holers VM, Hannan JP. Molecular basis of the interaction between complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) and Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein gp350. J Virol. 2008 Nov; 82(22):11217-27. PMID: 18786993; PMCID: PMC2573242.
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    146. Li K, Okemefuna AI, Gor J, Hannan JP, Asokan R, Holers VM, Perkins SJ. Solution structure of the complex formed between human complement C3d and full-length complement receptor type 2. J Mol Biol. 2008 Dec 05; 384(1):137-50. PMID: 18804116.
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    147. Holers VM. The spectrum of complement alternative pathway-mediated diseases. Immunol Rev. 2008 Jun; 223:300-16. PMID: 18613844.
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    148. Clark A, Weymann A, Hartman E, Turmelle Y, Carroll M, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Hourcade DE, Rudnick DA. Evidence for non-traditional activation of complement factor C3 during murine liver regeneration. Mol Immunol. 2008 Jun; 45(11):3125-32. PMID: 18452991; PMCID: PMC2600895.
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    149. Kuhn KA, Cozine CL, Tomooka B, Robinson WH, Holers VM. Complement receptor CR2/CR1 deficiency protects mice from collagen-induced arthritis and associates with reduced autoantibodies to type II collagen and citrullinated antigens. Mol Immunol. 2008 May; 45(10):2808-19. PMID: 18374982.
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    150. Hughes LB, Morrison D, Kelley JM, Padilla MA, Vaughan LK, Westfall AO, Dwivedi H, Mikuls TR, Holers VM, Parrish LA, Alarcón GS, Conn DL, Jonas BL, Callahan LF, Smith EA, Gilkeson GS, Howard G, Moreland LW, Patterson N, Reich D, Bridges SL. The HLA-DRB1 shared epitope is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans through European genetic admixture. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Feb; 58(2):349-58. PMID: 18240241; PMCID: PMC3726059.
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    151. Lynch AM, Murphy JR, Byers T, Gibbs RS, Neville MC, Giclas PC, Salmon JE, Holers VM. Alternative complement pathway activation fragment Bb in early pregnancy as a predictor of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Apr; 198(4):385.e1-9. PMID: 18221926; PMCID: PMC2362503.
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    152. Zaiss AK, Cotter MJ, White LR, Clark SA, Wong NC, Holers VM, Bartlett JS, Muruve DA. Complement is an essential component of the immune response to adeno-associated virus vectors. J Virol. 2008 Mar; 82(6):2727-40. PMID: 18199646; PMCID: PMC2259003.
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    153. Mikuls TR, Hughes LB, Westfall AO, Holers VM, Parrish L, van der Heijde D, van Everdingen M, Alarcón GS, Conn DL, Jonas B, Callahan LF, Smith EA, Gilkeson G, Howard G, Moreland LW, Bridges SL. Cigarette smoking, disease severity and autoantibody expression in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Nov; 67(11):1529-34. PMID: 18198196; PMCID: PMC2731992.
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    154. Song H, Qiao F, Atkinson C, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. A complement C3 inhibitor specifically targeted to sites of complement activation effectively ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. J Immunol. 2007 Dec 01; 179(11):7860-7. PMID: 18025232.
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    155. Majka DS, Deane KD, Parrish LA, Lazar AA, Barón AE, Walker CW, Rubertone MV, Gilliland WR, Norris JM, Holers VM. Duration of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibody positivity increases in subjects with older age at time of disease diagnosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun; 67(6):801-7. PMID: 17974596; PMCID: PMC3761074.
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    156. Young KA, Chen XS, Holers VM, Hannan JP. Isolating the Epstein-Barr virus gp350/220 binding site on complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21). J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 14; 282(50):36614-25. PMID: 17925391.
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    157. Holers VM. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins: pathogenic and diagnostic significance. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Oct; 9(5):396-400. PMID: 17915095.
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    158. Banda NK, Takahashi K, Wood AK, Holers VM, Arend WP. Pathogenic complement activation in collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice requires amplification by the alternative pathway. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15; 179(6):4101-9. PMID: 17785849.
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    159. Lyubchenko T, Dal Porto JM, Holers VM, Cambier JC. Cutting edge: Complement (C3d)-linked antigens break B cell anergy. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 01; 179(5):2695-9. PMID: 17709481.
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    160. Ho J, Moir S, Kulik L, Malaspina A, Donoghue ET, Miller NJ, Wang W, Chun TW, Fauci AS, Holers VM. Role for CD21 in the establishment of an extracellular HIV reservoir in lymphoid tissues. J Immunol. 2007 Jun 01; 178(11):6968-74. PMID: 17513746.
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    161. Lenderink AM, Liegel K, Ljubanovic D, Coleman KE, Gilkeson GS, Holers VM, Thurman JM. The alternative pathway of complement is activated in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of mice with adriamycin nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Aug; 293(2):F555-64. PMID: 17522263.
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    162. Mihai S, Chiriac MT, Takahashi K, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Zillikens D, Botto M, Sitaru C. The alternative pathway of complement activation is critical for blister induction in experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Immunol. 2007 May 15; 178(10):6514-21. PMID: 17475881.
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    163. Leinhase I, Rozanski M, Harhausen D, Thurman JM, Schmidt OI, Hossini AM, Taha ME, Rittirsch D, Ward PA, Holers VM, Ertel W, Stahel PF. Inhibition of the alternative complement activation pathway in traumatic brain injury by a monoclonal anti-factor B antibody: a randomized placebo-controlled study in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2007 May 02; 4:13. PMID: 17474994; PMCID: PMC1867808.
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    164. Twohig J, Kulik L, Haluszczak C, Reuter J, Rossbach A, Bull M, Holers VM, Marchbank KJ. Defective B cell ontogeny and immune response in human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) transgenic mice is partially recovered in the absence of C3. Mol Immunol. 2007 Jul; 44(13):3434-44. PMID: 17379312.
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    165. Kulik L, Marchbank KJ, Lyubchenko T, Kuhn KA, Liubchenko GA, Haluszczak C, Gipson MG, Gibson MG, Boackle SA, Holers VM. Intrinsic B cell hypo-responsiveness in mice prematurely expressing human CR2/CD21 during B cell development. Eur J Immunol. 2007 Mar; 37(3):623-33. PMID: 17301948.
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    166. Looney RJ, Diamond B, Holers VM, Levesque MC, Moreland L, Nahm MH, St Clair EW. Guidelines for assessing immunocompetency in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol. 2007 Jun; 123(3):235-43. PMID: 17329169; PMCID: PMC4564725.
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    167. Thurman JM, Lenderink AM, Royer PA, Coleman KE, Zhou J, Lambris JD, Nemenoff RA, Quigg RJ, Holers VM. C3a is required for the production of CXC chemokines by tubular epithelial cells after renal ishemia/reperfusion. J Immunol. 2007 Feb 01; 178(3):1819-28. PMID: 17237432.
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    168. Schepers A, de Vries MR, van Leuven CJ, Grimbergen JM, Holers VM, Daha MR, van Bockel JH, Quax PH. Inhibition of complement component C3 reduces vein graft atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E3-Leiden transgenic mice. Circulation. 2006 Dec 19; 114(25):2831-8. PMID: 17145993.
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    169. Thorgersen EB, Ghebremariam YT, Thurman JM, Fung M, Nielsen EW, Holers VM, Kotwal GJ, Mollnes TE. Candidate inhibitors of porcine complement. Mol Immunol. 2007 Mar; 44(8):1827-34. PMID: 17109963.
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    170. Szakonyi G, Klein MG, Hannan JP, Young KA, Ma RZ, Asokan R, Holers VM, Chen XS. Structure of the Epstein-Barr virus major envelope glycoprotein. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Nov; 13(11):996-1001. PMID: 17072314.
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    171. Mikuls TR, Holers VM, Parrish L, Kuhn KA, Conn DL, Gilkeson G, Smith EA, Kamen DL, Jonas BL, Callahan LF, Alarcón GS, Howard G, Moreland LW, Bridges SL. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor isotypes in African Americans with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Sep; 54(9):3057-9. PMID: 16948136.
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    172. Girardi G, Yarilin D, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Salmon JE. Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction. J Exp Med. 2006 Sep 04; 203(9):2165-75. PMID: 16923853; PMCID: PMC2118387.
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    173. Gilbert HE, Asokan R, Holers VM, Perkins SJ. The 15 SCR flexible extracellular domains of human complement receptor type 2 can mediate multiple ligand and antigen interactions. J Mol Biol. 2006 Oct 06; 362(5):1132-47. PMID: 16950392.
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    174. Banda NK, Thurman JM, Kraus D, Wood A, Carroll MC, Arend WP, Holers VM. Alternative complement pathway activation is essential for inflammation and joint destruction in the passive transfer model of collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol. 2006 Aug 01; 177(3):1904-12. PMID: 16849503.
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    175. Holers VM. Are anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies pathogenic in rheumatoid arthritis? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006 Aug; 2(8):400-1. PMID: 16932728.
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    176. Holers VM, Kulik L. Complement receptor 2, natural antibodies and innate immunity: Inter-relationships in B cell selection and activation. Mol Immunol. 2007 Jan; 44(1-3):64-72. PMID: 16876864.
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    177. Leinhase I, Holers VM, Thurman JM, Harhausen D, Schmidt OI, Pietzcker M, Taha ME, Rittirsch D, Huber-Lang M, Smith WR, Ward PA, Stahel PF. Reduced neuronal cell death after experimental brain injury in mice lacking a functional alternative pathway of complement activation. BMC Neurosci. 2006 Jul 14; 7:55. PMID: 16842619; PMCID: PMC1540436.
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    178. Asokan R, Hua J, Young KA, Gould HJ, Hannan JP, Kraus DM, Szakonyi G, Grundy GJ, Chen XS, Crow MK, Holers VM. Characterization of human complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) as a receptor for IFN-alpha: a potential role in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 01; 177(1):383-94. PMID: 16785534.
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    179. Taube C, Thurman JM, Takeda K, Joetham A, Miyahara N, Carroll MC, Dakhama A, Giclas PC, Holers VM, Gelfand EW. Factor B of the alternative complement pathway regulates development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 23; 103(21):8084-9. PMID: 16702544; PMCID: PMC1472433.
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    180. Majka DS, Holers VM. Cigarette smoking and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 May; 65(5):561-3. PMID: 16611864; PMCID: PMC1798134.
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    181. Kuhn KA, Kulik L, Tomooka B, Braschler KJ, Arend WP, Robinson WH, Holers VM. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins enhance tissue injury in experimental autoimmune arthritis. J Clin Invest. 2006 Apr; 116(4):961-73. PMID: 16585962; PMCID: PMC1421345.
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    182. Kraus DM, Elliott GS, Chute H, Horan T, Pfenninger KH, Sanford SD, Foster S, Scully S, Welcher AA, Holers VM. CSMD1 is a novel multiple domain complement-regulatory protein highly expressed in the central nervous system and epithelial tissues. J Immunol. 2006 Apr 01; 176(7):4419-30. PMID: 16547280.
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    183. Leinhase I, Schmidt OI, Thurman JM, Hossini AM, Rozanski M, Taha ME, Scheffler A, John T, Smith WR, Holers VM, Stahel PF. Pharmacological complement inhibition at the C3 convertase level promotes neuronal survival, neuroprotective intracerebral gene expression, and neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2006 Jun; 199(2):454-64. PMID: 16545803.
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    184. Thurman JM, Royer PA, Ljubanovic D, Dursun B, Lenderink AM, Edelstein CL, Holers VM. Treatment with an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to mouse factor B protects mice from induction of apoptosis and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Mar; 17(3):707-15. PMID: 16467447.
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    185. Thurman JM, Holers VM. The central role of the alternative complement pathway in human disease. J Immunol. 2006 Feb 01; 176(3):1305-10. PMID: 16424154.
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    186. Thurman JM, Ljubanovic D, Royer PA, Kraus DM, Molina H, Barry NP, Proctor G, Levi M, Holers VM. Altered renal tubular expression of the complement inhibitor Crry permits complement activation after ischemia/reperfusion. J Clin Invest. 2006 Feb; 116(2):357-68. PMID: 16444293; PMCID: PMC1352158.
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    187. Gilbert HE, Aslam M, Guthridge JM, Holers VM, Perkins SJ. Extended flexible linker structures in the complement chimaeric conjugate CR2-Ig by scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation and constrained modelling: implications for function and therapy. J Mol Biol. 2006 Feb 17; 356(2):397-412. PMID: 16375923.
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    188. Hibbert RG, Teriete P, Grundy GJ, Beavil RL, Reljic R, Holers VM, Hannan JP, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ, McDonnell JM. The structure of human CD23 and its interactions with IgE and CD21. J Exp Med. 2005 Sep 19; 202(6):751-60. PMID: 16172256.
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    189. Atkinson C, Song H, Lu B, Qiao F, Burns TA, Holers VM, Tsokos GC, Tomlinson S. Targeted complement inhibition by C3d recognition ameliorates tissue injury without apparent increase in susceptibility to infection. J Clin Invest. 2005 Sep; 115(9):2444-53. PMID: 16127466; PMCID: PMC1190375.
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    190. Birrell L, Kulik L, Morgan BP, Holers VM, Marchbank KJ. B cells from mice prematurely expressing human complement receptor type 2 are unresponsive to T-dependent antigens. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 01; 174(11):6974-82. PMID: 15905540.
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    191. Lyubchenko T, dal Porto J, Cambier JC, Holers VM. Coligation of the B cell receptor with complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) using its natural ligand C3dg: activation without engagement of an inhibitory signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 15; 174(6):3264-72. PMID: 15749857.
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    192. Thurman JM, Lucia MS, Ljubanovic D, Holers VM. Acute tubular necrosis is characterized by activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Kidney Int. 2005 Feb; 67(2):524-30. PMID: 15673300.
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    193. Gilbert HE, Eaton JT, Hannan JP, Holers VM, Perkins SJ. Solution structure of the complex between CR2 SCR 1-2 and C3d of human complement: an X-ray scattering and sedimentation modelling study. J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 25; 346(3):859-73. PMID: 15713468.
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    194. Hannan JP, Young KA, Guthridge JM, Asokan R, Szakonyi G, Chen XS, Holers VM. Mutational analysis of the complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21)-C3d interaction reveals a putative charged SCR1 binding site for C3d. J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 25; 346(3):845-58. PMID: 15713467.
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    195. Carroll MC, Holers VM. Innate autoimmunity. Adv Immunol. 2005; 86:137-57. PMID: 15705421.
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    196. Thurman JM, Kraus DM, Girardi G, Hourcade D, Kang HJ, Royer PA, Mitchell LM, Giclas PC, Salmon J, Gilkeson G, Holers VM. A novel inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced pregnancy loss in mice. Mol Immunol. 2005 Jan; 42(1):87-97. PMID: 15488947.
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    197. Li S, Boackle SA, Holers VM, Lambris JD, Blatteis CM. Complement component c5a is integral to the febrile response of mice to lipopolysaccharide. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2005; 12(2):67-80. PMID: 15785108.
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    198. Ferucci ED, Majka DS, Parrish LA, Moroldo MB, Ryan M, Passo M, Thompson SD, Deane KD, Rewers M, Arend WP, Glass DN, Norris JM, Holers VM. Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide are associated with HLA-DR4 in simplex and multiplex polyarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jan; 52(1):239-46. PMID: 15641089.
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    199. Holers VM. Complement receptors and the shaping of the natural antibody repertoire. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2005 Mar; 26(4):405-23. PMID: 15614507.
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    200. Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Stoner JA, Parrish LA, Arend WP, Norris JM, Holers VM. Association of rheumatoid arthritis treatment response and disease duration with declines in serum levels of IgM rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec; 50(12):3776-82. PMID: 15593224.
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    201. Fleming SD, Egan RP, Chai C, Girardi G, Holers VM, Salmon J, Monestier M, Tsokos GC. Anti-phospholipid antibodies restore mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in complement receptor 2/complement receptor 1-deficient mice. J Immunol. 2004 Dec 01; 173(11):7055-61. PMID: 15557203.
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    202. Holers VM. Anti-C1q autoantibodies amplify pathogenic complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest. 2004 Sep; 114(5):616-9. PMID: 15343378; PMCID: PMC514596.
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    203. Ohta R, Kondor N, Dohi N, Tomlinson S, Imai M, Holers VM, Okada H, Okada N. Mouse complement receptor-related gene y/p65-neutralized tumor vaccine induces antitumor activity in vivo. J Immunol. 2004 Jul 01; 173(1):205-13. PMID: 15210776.
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    204. Holers VM, Thurman JM. The alternative pathway of complement in disease: opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Mol Immunol. 2004 Jun; 41(2-3):147-52. PMID: 15159060.
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    205. Kang HJ, Bao L, Xu Y, Quigg RJ, Giclas PC, Holers VM. Increased serum C3 levels in Crry transgenic mice partially abrogates its complement inhibitory effects. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 May; 136(2):194-9. PMID: 15086380; PMCID: PMC1809028.
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    206. Mühlfeld AS, Segerer S, Hudkins K, Farr AG, Bao L, Kraus D, Holers VM, Quigg RJ, Alpers CE. Overexpression of complement inhibitor Crry does not prevent cryoglobulin-associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2004 Apr; 65(4):1214-23. PMID: 15086460.
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    207. Boackle SA, Culhane KK, Brown JM, Haas M, Bao L, Quigg RJ, Holers VM. CR1/CR2 deficiency alters IgG3 autoantibody production and IgA glomerular deposition in the MRL/lpr model of SLE. Autoimmunity. 2004 Mar; 37(2):111-23. PMID: 15293881.
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    208. Holers VM, Boackle SA. Complement receptor 2 and autoimmunity. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2004; 7:33-48. PMID: 14719374.
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    209. Elliott MK, Jarmi T, Ruiz P, Xu Y, Holers VM, Gilkeson GS. Effects of complement factor D deficiency on the renal disease of MRL/lpr mice. Kidney Int. 2004 Jan; 65(1):129-38. PMID: 14675043.
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    210. Park JW, Taube C, Joetham A, Takeda K, Kodama T, Dakhama A, McConville G, Allen CB, Sfyroera G, Shultz LD, Lambris JD, Giclas PC, Holers VM, Gelfand EW. Complement activation is critical to airway hyperresponsiveness after acute ozone exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar 15; 169(6):726-32. PMID: 14701711.
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    211. Girardi G, Berman J, Redecha P, Spruce L, Thurman JM, Kraus D, Hollmann TJ, Casali P, Caroll MC, Wetsel RA, Lambris JD, Holers VM, Salmon JE. Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec; 112(11):1644-54. PMID: 14660741; PMCID: PMC281643.
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    212. Alexander JJ, Bao L, Jacob A, Kraus DM, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Administration of the soluble complement inhibitor, Crry-Ig, reduces inflammation and aquaporin 4 expression in lupus cerebritis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Nov 20; 1639(3):169-76. PMID: 14636948.
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    213. Majka DS, Holers VM. Can we accurately predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the preclinical phase? Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct; 48(10):2701-5. PMID: 14558071.
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    214. Bao L, Zhou J, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Excessive matrix accumulation in the kidneys of MRL/lpr lupus mice is dependent on complement activation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Oct; 14(10):2516-25. PMID: 14514729.
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    215. Taube C, Rha YH, Takeda K, Park JW, Joetham A, Balhorn A, Dakhama A, Giclas PC, Holers VM, Gelfand EW. Inhibition of complement activation decreases airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Dec 01; 168(11):1333-41. PMID: 14500265.
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    216. Banda NK, Kraus DM, Muggli M, Bendele A, Holers VM, Arend WP. Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice transgenic for the complement inhibitor complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y. J Immunol. 2003 Aug 15; 171(4):2109-15. PMID: 12902517.
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    217. Aslam M, Guthridge JM, Hack BK, Quigg RJ, Holers VM, Perkins SJ. The extended multidomain solution structures of the complement protein Crry and its chimeric conjugate Crry-Ig by scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation and constrained modelling: implications for function and therapy. J Mol Biol. 2003 Jun 06; 329(3):525-50. PMID: 12767833.
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    218. Holers VM. The complement system as a therapeutic target in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol. 2003 Jun; 107(3):140-51. PMID: 12804527.
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    219. Song H, He C, Knaak C, Guthridge JM, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. Complement receptor 2-mediated targeting of complement inhibitors to sites of complement activation. J Clin Invest. 2003 Jun; 111(12):1875-85. PMID: 12813023; PMCID: PMC161422.
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    220. Bao L, Haas M, Kraus DM, Hack BK, Rakstang JK, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Administration of a soluble recombinant complement C3 inhibitor protects against renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Mar; 14(3):670-9. PMID: 12595503.
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    221. Thurman JM, Ljubanovic D, Edelstein CL, Gilkeson GS, Holers VM. Lack of a functional alternative complement pathway ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure in mice. J Immunol. 2003 Feb 01; 170(3):1517-23. PMID: 12538716.
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    222. Boackle SA, Holers VM. Role of complement in the development of autoimmunity. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2003; 6:154-68. PMID: 12408051.
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    223. Salmon JE, Girardi G, Holers VM. Activation of complement mediates antiphospholipid antibody-induced pregnancy loss. Lupus. 2003; 12(7):535-8. PMID: 12892394.
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    224. Salmon JE, Girardi G, Holers VM. Complement activation as a mediator of antiphospholipid antibody induced pregnancy loss and thrombosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Nov; 61 Suppl 2:ii46-50. PMID: 12379621; PMCID: PMC1766708.
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    225. Perkins SJ, Gilbert HE, Aslam M, Hannan J, Holers VM, Goodship TH. Solution structures of complement components by X-ray and neutron scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002 Nov; 30(Pt 6):996-1001. PMID: 12440960.
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    226. Banda NK, Kraus D, Vondracek A, Huynh LH, Bendele A, Holers VM, Arend WP. Mechanisms of effects of complement inhibition in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Nov; 46(11):3065-75. PMID: 12428251.
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    227. Hannan J, Young K, Szakonyi G, Overduin MJ, Perkins SJ, Chen X, Holers VM. Structure of complement receptor (CR) 2 and CR2-C3d complexes. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002 Nov; 30(Pt 6):983-9. PMID: 12440958.
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    228. Marchbank KJ, Kulik L, Gipson MG, Morgan BP, Holers VM. Expression of human complement receptor type 2 (CD21) in mice during early B cell development results in a reduction in mature B cells and hypogammaglobulinemia. J Immunol. 2002 Oct 01; 169(7):3526-35. PMID: 12244142.
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    229. Fleming SD, Shea-Donohue T, Guthridge JM, Kulik L, Waldschmidt TJ, Gipson MG, Tsokos GC, Holers VM. Mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2 lack a tissue injury-inducing subset of the natural antibody repertoire. J Immunol. 2002 Aug 15; 169(4):2126-33. PMID: 12165541.
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    230. Ulgiati D, Pham C, Holers VM. Functional analysis of the human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) promoter: characterization of basal transcriptional mechanisms. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 15; 168(12):6279-85. PMID: 12055242.
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    231. Li S, Holers VM, Boackle SA, Blatteis CM. Modulation of mouse endotoxic fever by complement. Infect Immun. 2002 May; 70(5):2519-25. PMID: 11953391; PMCID: PMC127928.
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    232. Bao L, Haas M, Boackle SA, Kraus DM, Cunningham PN, Park P, Alexander JJ, Anderson RK, Culhane K, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Transgenic expression of a soluble complement inhibitor protects against renal disease and promotes survival in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol. 2002 Apr 01; 168(7):3601-7. PMID: 11907125.
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    233. Ji H, Ohmura K, Mahmood U, Lee DM, Hofhuis FM, Boackle SA, Takahashi K, Holers VM, Walport M, Gerard C, Ezekowitz A, Carroll MC, Brenner M, Weissleder R, Verbeek JS, Duchatelle V, Degott C, Benoist C, Mathis D. Arthritis critically dependent on innate immune system players. Immunity. 2002 Feb; 16(2):157-68. PMID: 11869678.
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    234. Holers VM, Girardi G, Mo L, Guthridge JM, Molina H, Pierangeli SS, Espinola R, Xiaowei LE, Mao D, Vialpando CG, Salmon JE. Complement C3 activation is required for antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss. J Exp Med. 2002 Jan 21; 195(2):211-20. PMID: 11805148; PMCID: PMC2193604.
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    235. Ulgiati D, Holers VM. CR2/CD21 proximal promoter activity is critically dependent on a cell type-specific repressor. J Immunol. 2001 Dec 15; 167(12):6912-9. PMID: 11739509.
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    236. Henson SE, Smith D, Boackle SA, Holers VM, Karp DR. Generation of recombinant human C3dg tetramers for the analysis of CD21 binding and function. J Immunol Methods. 2001 Dec 01; 258(1-2):97-109. PMID: 11684127.
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    237. Rehrig S, Fleming SD, Anderson J, Guthridge JM, Rakstang J, McQueen CE, Holers VM, Tsokos GC, Shea-Donohue T. Complement inhibitor, complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y-Ig attenuates intestinal damage after the onset of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 15; 167(10):5921-7. PMID: 11698469.
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    238. Guthridge JM, Young K, Gipson MG, Sarrias MR, Szakonyi G, Chen XS, Malaspina A, Donoghue E, James JA, Lambris JD, Moir SA, Perkins SJ, Holers VM. Epitope mapping using the X-ray crystallographic structure of complement receptor type 2 (CR2)/CD21: identification of a highly inhibitory monoclonal antibody that directly recognizes the CR2-C3d interface. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 15; 167(10):5758-66. PMID: 11698449.
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    239. Boackle SA, Holers VM, Chen X, Szakonyi G, Karp DR, Wakeland EK, Morel L. Cr2, a candidate gene in the murine Sle1c lupus susceptibility locus, encodes a dysfunctional protein. Immunity. 2001 Nov; 15(5):775-85. PMID: 11728339.
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    240. Kaya Z, Afanasyeva M, Wang Y, Dohmen KM, Schlichting J, Tretter T, Fairweather D, Holers VM, Rose NR. Contribution of the innate immune system to autoimmune myocarditis: a role for complement. Nat Immunol. 2001 Aug; 2(8):739-45. PMID: 11477411.
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    241. Springall T, Sheerin NS, Abe K, Holers VM, Wan H, Sacks SH. Epithelial secretion of C3 promotes colonization of the upper urinary tract by Escherichia coli. Nat Med. 2001 Jul; 7(7):801-6. PMID: 11433344.
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    242. Park P, Haas M, Cunningham PN, Alexander JJ, Bao L, Guthridge JM, Kraus DM, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Inhibiting the complement system does not reduce injury in renal ischemia reperfusion. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Jul; 12(7):1383-90. PMID: 11423567.
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    243. Szakonyi G, Guthridge JM, Li D, Young K, Holers VM, Chen XS. Structure of complement receptor 2 in complex with its C3d ligand. Science. 2001 Jun 01; 292(5522):1725-8. PMID: 11387479.
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    244. Guthridge JM, Rakstang JK, Young KA, Hinshelwood J, Aslam M, Robertson A, Gipson MG, Sarrias MR, Moore WT, Meagher M, Karp D, Lambris JD, Perkins SJ, Holers VM. Structural studies in solution of the recombinant N-terminal pair of short consensus/complement repeat domains of complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) and interactions with its ligand C3dg. Biochemistry. 2001 May 22; 40(20):5931-41. PMID: 11352728.
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    245. Sekine H, Reilly CM, Molano ID, Garnier G, Circolo A, Ruiz P, Holers VM, Boackle SA, Gilkeson GS. Complement component C3 is not required for full expression of immune complex glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol. 2001 May 15; 166(10):6444-51. PMID: 11342671.
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    246. Makar KW, Ulgiati D, Hagman J, Holers VM. A site in the complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) silencer is necessary for lineage specific transcriptional regulation. Int Immunol. 2001 May; 13(5):657-64. PMID: 11312253.
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    247. Schiller B, Cunningham PN, Alexander JJ, Bao L, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Expression of a soluble complement inhibitor protects transgenic mice from antibody-induced acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Jan; 12(1):71-9. PMID: 11134252.
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    248. Cunningham PN, Holers VM, Alexander JJ, Guthridge JM, Carroll MC, Quigg RJ. Complement is activated in kidney by endotoxin but does not cause the ensuing acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2000 Oct; 58(4):1580-7. PMID: 11012892.
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    249. Marchbank KJ, Watson CC, Ritsema DF, Holers VM. Expression of human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) in Cr2-/- mice restores humoral immune function. J Immunol. 2000 Sep 01; 165(5):2354-61. PMID: 10946257.
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    250. Holers VM. Phenotypes of complement knockouts. Immunopharmacology. 2000 Aug; 49(1-2):125-31. PMID: 10904112.
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    251. Xu C, Mao D, Holers VM, Palanca B, Cheng AM, Molina H. A critical role for murine complement regulator crry in fetomaternal tolerance. Science. 2000 Jan 21; 287(5452):498-501. PMID: 10642554.
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    252. Watanabe H, Garnier G, Circolo A, Wetsel RA, Ruiz P, Holers VM, Boackle SA, Colten HR, Gilkeson GS. Modulation of renal disease in MRL/lpr mice genetically deficient in the alternative complement pathway factor B. J Immunol. 2000 Jan 15; 164(2):786-94. PMID: 10623824.
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    253. Karp DR, Carlisle ML, Mobley AB, Nichols TC, Oppenheimer-Marks N, Brezinschek RI, Holers VM. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is up-regulated on memory T lymphocytes. Int Immunol. 1999 Nov; 11(11):1791-800. PMID: 10545483.
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    254. Holers VM. Complement deficiency states, disease susceptibility, and infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Oct; 42(10):2023-5. PMID: 10524672.
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    255. Henson SE, Nichols TC, Holers VM, Karp DR. The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase regulates antiproliferative effects of S-nitrosoglutathione on human T and B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1999 Aug 15; 163(4):1845-52. PMID: 10438918.
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    256. Davoust N, Nataf S, Holers VM, Barnum SR. Expression of the murine complement regulatory protein crry by glial cells and neurons. Glia. 1999 Aug; 27(2):162-70. PMID: 10417815.
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    257. Nardin A, Schlimgen R, Holers VM, Taylor RP. A prototype pathogen bound ex vivo to human erythrocyte complement receptor 1 via bispecific monoclonal antibody complexes is cleared to the liver in a mouse model. Eur J Immunol. 1999 05; 29(5):1581-6. PMID: 10359112.
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    258. Alexander JJ, Lim A, He C, MacDonald RL, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Renal, central nervous system and pancreatic overexpression of recombinant soluble Crry in transgenic mice. A novel means of protection from complement-mediated injury. Immunopharmacology. 1999 May; 42(1-3):245-54. PMID: 10408385.
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    259. Boackle SA, Morris MA, Holers VM, Karp DR. Complement opsonization is required for presentation of immune complexes by resting peripheral blood B cells. J Immunol. 1998 Dec 15; 161(12):6537-43. PMID: 9862679.
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    260. Nichols TC, Guthridge JM, Karp DR, Molina H, Fletcher DR, Holers VM. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an ecto-enzyme regulator of intracellular redox potential, is a component of TM4 signal transduction complexes. Eur J Immunol. 1998 12; 28(12):4123-9. PMID: 9862348.
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    261. Quigg RJ, He C, Lim A, Berthiaume D, Alexander JJ, Kraus D, Holers VM. Transgenic mice overexpressing the complement inhibitor crry as a soluble protein are protected from antibody-induced glomerular injury. J Exp Med. 1998 Oct 05; 188(7):1321-31. PMID: 9763611; PMCID: PMC2212499.
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    262. Fang Y, Xu C, Fu YX, Holers VM, Molina H. Expression of complement receptors 1 and 2 on follicular dendritic cells is necessary for the generation of a strong antigen-specific IgG response. J Immunol. 1998 Jun 01; 160(11):5273-9. PMID: 9605124.
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    263. Quigg RJ, Kozono Y, Berthiaume D, Lim A, Salant DJ, Weinfeld A, Griffin P, Kremmer E, Holers VM. Blockade of antibody-induced glomerulonephritis with Crry-Ig, a soluble murine complement inhibitor. J Immunol. 1998 May 01; 160(9):4553-60. PMID: 9574562.
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    264. Kozono Y, Abe R, Kozono H, Kelly RG, Azuma T, Holers VM. Cross-linking CD21/CD35 or CD19 increases both B7-1 and B7-2 expression on murine splenic B cells. J Immunol. 1998 Feb 15; 160(4):1565-72. PMID: 9469411.
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    265. Makar KW, Pham CT, Dehoff MH, O'Connor SM, Jacobi SM, Holers VM. An intronic silencer regulates B lymphocyte cell- and stage-specific expression of the human complement receptor type 2 (CR2, CD21) gene. J Immunol. 1998 Feb 01; 160(3):1268-78. PMID: 9570543.
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    266. Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ, Lo CF, Lim A, He C, Holers VM. Characterization of C3-binding proteins on mouse neutrophils and platelets. J Immunol. 1997 Sep 01; 159(5):2438-44. PMID: 9278336.
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    267. Takahashi K, Kozono Y, Waldschmidt TJ, Berthiaume D, Quigg RJ, Baron A, Holers VM. Mouse complement receptors type 1 (CR1;CD35) and type 2 (CR2;CD21): expression on normal B cell subpopulations and decreased levels during the development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol. 1997 Aug 01; 159(3):1557-69. PMID: 9233655.
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    268. Kearns-Jonker M, Monell-Torrens E, Abbasi F, Holers VM, Notkins AL, Sigounas G. EBV binds to lymphocytes of transgenic mice that express the human CR2 gene. Virus Res. 1997 Jul; 50(1):85-94. PMID: 9255938.
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    269. Kawamoto Y, Kojima K, Hitsumoto Y, Okada H, Holers VM, Miyama A. The serum resistance of malaria-infected erythrocytes. Immunology. 1997 May; 91(1):7-12. PMID: 9203959; PMCID: PMC1364028.
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    270. Alexander JJ, He C, Adler S, Holers VM, Quigg RJ. Characterization of C3 receptors on cultured rat glomerular endothelial cells. Kidney Int. 1997 Apr; 51(4):1124-32. PMID: 9083278.
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    271. Boackle SA, Holers VM, Karp DR. CD21 augments antigen presentation in immune individuals. Eur J Immunol. 1997 Jan; 27(1):122-9. PMID: 9022008.
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    272. Sawant-Mane S, Piddlesden SJ, Morgan BP, Holers VM, Koski CL. CD59 homologue regulates complement-dependent cytolysis of rat Schwann cells. J Neuroimmunol. 1996 Sep; 69(1-2):63-71. PMID: 8823377.
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    273. Kozono Y, Kotzin BL, Holers VM. Resting B cells from New Zealand Black mice demonstrate a defect in apoptosis induction following surface IgM ligation. J Immunol. 1996 Jun 01; 156(11):4498-503. PMID: 8666826.
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    274. Rogers CA, Gasque P, Piddlesden SJ, Okada N, Holers VM, Morgan BP. Expression and function of membrane regulators of complement on rat astrocytes in culture. Immunology. 1996 May; 88(1):153-61. PMID: 8707343; PMCID: PMC1456455.
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    275. Molina H, Holers VM, Li B, Fung Y, Mariathasan S, Goellner J, Strauss-Schoenberger J, Karr RW, Chaplin DD. Markedly impaired humoral immune response in mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16; 93(8):3357-61. PMID: 8622941; PMCID: PMC39612.
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    276. Bouillie S, Barel M, Drane P, Cassinat B, Balbo M, Holers VM, Frade R. Epstein-Barr virus/C3d receptor (CR2, CD21) activated by its extracellular ligands regulates pp105 phosphorylation through two distinct pathways. Eur J Immunol. 1995 Sep; 25(9):2661-7. PMID: 7589142.
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    277. Quigg RJ, Holers VM. Characterization of rat complement receptors and regulatory proteins. CR2 and Crry are conserved, and the C3b receptor of neutrophils and platelets is distinct from CR1. J Immunol. 1995 Aug 01; 155(3):1481-8. PMID: 7636211.
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    278. Quigg RJ, Morgan BP, Holers VM, Adler S, Sneed AE, Lo CF. Complement regulation in the rat glomerulus: Crry and CD59 regulate complement in glomerular mesangial and endothelial cells. Kidney Int. 1995 Aug; 48(2):412-21. PMID: 7564108.
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    279. Dunster LM, Schneider-Schaulies J, Dehoff MH, Holers VM, Schwartz-Albiez R, ter Meulen V. Moesin, and not the murine functional homologue (Crry/p65) of human membrane cofactor protein (CD46), is involved in the entry of measles virus (strain Edmonston) into susceptible murine cell lines. J Gen Virol. 1995 Aug; 76 ( Pt 8):2085-9. PMID: 7636492.
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    280. Shima M, Teitelbaum SL, Holers VM, Ruzicka C, Osmack P, Ross FP. Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor regulates expression of the integrins alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 by murine bone marrow macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23; 92(11):5179-83. PMID: 7539144; PMCID: PMC41872.
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    281. Molina H, Perkins SJ, Guthridge J, Gorka J, Kinoshita T, Holers VM. Characterization of a complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) ligand binding site for C3. An initial model of ligand interaction with two linked short consensus repeat modules. J Immunol. 1995 May 15; 154(10):5426-35. PMID: 7730644.
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    282. Kozono Y, Duke RC, Schleicher MS, Holers VM. Co-ligation of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2 with surface IgM rescues splenic B cells and WEHI-231 cells from anti-surface IgM-induced apoptosis. Eur J Immunol. 1995 Apr; 25(4):1013-7. PMID: 7737272.
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    283. Quigg RJ, Holers VM, Morgan BP, Sneed AE. Crry and CD59 regulate complement in rat glomerular epithelial cells and are inhibited by the nephritogenic antibody of passive Heymann nephritis. J Immunol. 1995 Apr 01; 154(7):3437-43. PMID: 7534798.
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    284. Kim YU, Kinoshita T, Molina H, Hourcade D, Seya T, Wagner LM, Holers VM. Mouse complement regulatory protein Crry/p65 uses the specific mechanisms of both human decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein. J Exp Med. 1995 Jan 01; 181(1):151-9. PMID: 7528766; PMCID: PMC2191854.
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    285. Graham IL, Anderson DC, Holers VM, Brown EJ. Complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, integrin alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18) is required for tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin in adherent and nonadherent neutrophils. J Cell Biol. 1994 Nov; 127(4):1139-47. PMID: 7525604; PMCID: PMC2200044.
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    286. Molina H, Kinoshita T, Webster CB, Holers VM. Analysis of C3b/C3d binding sites and factor I cofactor regions within mouse complement receptors 1 and 2. J Immunol. 1994 Jul 15; 153(2):789-95. PMID: 8021513.
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    287. Aubry JP, Pochon S, Gauchat JF, Nueda-Marin A, Holers VM, Graber P, Siegfried C, Bonnefoy JY. CD23 interacts with a new functional extracytoplasmic domain involving N-linked oligosaccharides on CD21. J Immunol. 1994 Jun 15; 152(12):5806-13. PMID: 7515913.
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    288. Holers VM, Hollis GF, Schwartz BD, Evans RJ, Strauss-Schoenberger J, Carel JC, Barney DL, Li B, Stafford-Hollis J, Lacy PE. Induction of peri-insulitis but not diabetes in islet transplants expressing a single foreign antigen. A multi-stage model of disease. J Immunol. 1993 Nov 01; 151(9):5041-52. PMID: 8409455.
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    289. Li B, Sallee C, Dehoff M, Foley S, Molina H, Holers VM. Mouse Crry/p65. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies and the tissue distribution of a functional homologue of human MCP and DAF. J Immunol. 1993 Oct 15; 151(8):4295-305. PMID: 7691944.
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    290. Foley S, Li B, Dehoff M, Molina H, Holers VM. Mouse Crry/p65 is a regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Eur J Immunol. 1993 Jun; 23(6):1381-4. PMID: 8500531.
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    291. Moulds JM, Krych M, Holers VM, Liszewski MK, Atkinson JP. Genetics of the complement system and rheumatic diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1992 Nov; 18(4):893-914. PMID: 1455049.
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    292. Levy E, Ambrus J, Kahl L, Molina H, Tung K, Holers VM. T lymphocyte expression of complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21): a role in adhesive cell-cell interactions and dysregulation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clin Exp Immunol. 1992 Nov; 90(2):235-44. PMID: 1424280; PMCID: PMC1554594.
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    293. Holers VM, Kinoshita T, Molina H. The evolution of mouse and human complement C3-binding proteins: divergence of form but conservation of function. Immunol Today. 1992 Jun; 13(6):231-6. PMID: 1378280.
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    294. Emlen W, Holers VM, Arend WP, Kotzin B. Regulation of nuclear antigen expression on the cell surface of human monocytes. J Immunol. 1992 May 15; 148(10):3042-8. PMID: 1578130.
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    295. Hourcade D, Garcia AD, Post TW, Taillon-Miller P, Holers VM, Wagner LM, Bora NS, Atkinson JP. Analysis of the human regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Genomics. 1992 Feb; 12(2):289-300. PMID: 1740338.
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    296. Krych M, Atkinson JP, Holers VM. Complement receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 1992 Feb; 4(1):8-13. PMID: 1596373.
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    297. Molina H, Wong W, Kinoshita T, Brenner C, Foley S, Holers VM. Distinct receptor and regulatory properties of recombinant mouse complement receptor 1 (CR1) and Crry, the two genetic homologues of human CR1. J Exp Med. 1992 Jan 01; 175(1):121-9. PMID: 1730912; PMCID: PMC2119091.
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    298. Molina H, Brenner C, Jacobi S, Gorka J, Carel JC, Kinoshita T, Holers VM. Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus-binding sites on complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) using human-mouse chimeras and peptides. At least two distinct sites are necessary for ligand-receptor interaction. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 05; 266(19):12173-9. PMID: 1712014.
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    299. Carel JC, Holers VM, Chick WL, Littman D, Lacy PE. Expression of functional human Epstein-Barr virus/C3d receptor ([CR2] CD21) on insulinoma cell line. Induction of tumor rejection but not diabetes in syngeneic rats. Diabetes. 1991 Jul; 40(7):809-14. PMID: 1647992.
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    300. Ballard LL, Brown EJ, Holers VM. Expression of the fibronectin receptor VLA-5 is regulated during human B cell differentiation and activation. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991 May; 84(2):336-46. PMID: 1709071; PMCID: PMC1535391.
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    301. Rayhel EJ, Dehoff MH, Holers VM. Characterization of the human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) promoter reveals sequences shared with regulatory regions of other developmentally restricted B cell proteins. J Immunol. 1991 Mar 15; 146(6):2021-6. PMID: 1706386.
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    302. Molina H, Kinoshita T, Inoue K, Carel JC, Holers VM. A molecular and immunochemical characterization of mouse CR2. Evidence for a single gene model of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2. J Immunol. 1990 Nov 01; 145(9):2974-83. PMID: 2145366.
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    303. Carel JC, Myones BL, Frazier B, Holers VM. Structural requirements for C3d,g/Epstein-Barr virus receptor (CR2/CD21) ligand binding, internalization, and viral infection. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 25; 265(21):12293-9. PMID: 1695627.
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    304. Secrist H, Holers VM, Levine A, Egan M, Nahm MH, Butch AW, Peters M. Induction of IL-4 and IL-6 synthesis in vitro: variation in signaling requirements and kinetics are dependent on the anatomic source of the responding mononuclear cells. Reg Immunol. 1990-1991; 3(6):341-8. PMID: 2132759.
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    305. Hourcade D, Post TW, Holers VM, Lublin DM, Atkinson JP. Polymorphisms of the regulators of complement activation gene cluster. Complement Inflamm. 1990; 7(4-6):302-14. PMID: 2088670.
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    306. Carel JC, Frazier B, Ley TJ, Holers VM. Analysis of epitope expression and the functional repertoire of recombinant complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) in mouse and human cells. J Immunol. 1989 Aug 01; 143(3):923-30. PMID: 2473114.
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    307. O'Dell JR, Steigerwald JC, Kennaugh RC, Hawkins R, Holers VM, Kotzin BL. Lack of clinical benefit after treatment of systemic sclerosis with total lymphoid irradiation. J Rheumatol. 1989 Aug; 16(8):1050-4. PMID: 2573727.
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    308. Holers VM, Ruff TG, Parks DL, McDonald JA, Ballard LL, Brown EJ. Molecular cloning of a murine fibronectin receptor and its expression during inflammation. Expression of VLA-5 is increased in activated peritoneal macrophages in a manner discordant from major histocompatibility complex class II. J Exp Med. 1989 May 01; 169(5):1589-605. PMID: 2523953; PMCID: PMC2189309.
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    309. Fujisaku A, Harley JB, Frank MB, Gruner BA, Frazier B, Holers VM. Genomic organization and polymorphisms of the human C3d/Epstein-Barr virus receptor. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 05; 264(4):2118-25. PMID: 2563370.
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    310. Bora NS, Lublin DM, Kumar BV, Hockett RD, Holers VM, Atkinson JP. Structural gene for human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement maps to within 100 kb of the 3' end of the C3b/C4b receptor gene. J Exp Med. 1989 Feb 01; 169(2):597-602. PMID: 2521358; PMCID: PMC2189215.
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    311. Hourcade D, Holers VM, Atkinson JP. The regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster. Adv Immunol. 1989; 45:381-416. PMID: 2665442.
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    312. Holers VM. Complement receptors. Year Immunol. 1989; 4:231-40. PMID: 2538973.
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    313. Hourcade D, Miesner DR, Atkinson JP, Holers VM. Identification of an alternative polyadenylation site in the human C3b/C4b receptor (complement receptor type 1) transcriptional unit and prediction of a secreted form of complement receptor type 1. J Exp Med. 1988 Oct 01; 168(4):1255-70. PMID: 2971757; PMCID: PMC2189081.
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    314. Stafford HA, Tykocinski ML, Lublin DM, Holers VM, Rosse WF, Atkinson JP, Medof ME. Normal polymorphic variations and transcription of the decay accelerating factor gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb; 85(3):880-4. PMID: 2448783.
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    315. McNearney TA, Odell C, Holers VM, Spear PG, Atkinson JP. Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gC-1 and gC-2 bind to the third component of complement and provide protection against complement-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. J Exp Med. 1987 Nov 01; 166(5):1525-35. PMID: 2824652; PMCID: PMC2189652.
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    316. Van Dyne S, Holers VM, Lublin DM, Atkinson JP. The polymorphism of the C3b/C4b receptor in the normal population and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987 Jun; 68(3):570-9. PMID: 2958190; PMCID: PMC1542744.
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    317. Lublin DM, Lemons RS, Le Beau MM, Holers VM, Tykocinski ML, Medof ME, Atkinson JP. The gene encoding decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is located in the complement-regulatory locus on the long arm of chromosome 1. J Exp Med. 1987 Jun 01; 165(6):1731-6. PMID: 2438369; PMCID: PMC2188369.
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    318. Holers VM, Chaplin DD, Leykam JF, Gruner BA, Kumar V, Atkinson JP. Human complement C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) mRNA polymorphism that correlates with the CR1 allelic molecular weight polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr; 84(8):2459-63. PMID: 3031685; PMCID: PMC304671.
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    319. Medof ME, Lublin DM, Holers VM, Ayers DJ, Getty RR, Leykam JF, Atkinson JP, Tykocinski ML. Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the complete sequence of decay-accelerating factor of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr; 84(7):2007-11. PMID: 2436222; PMCID: PMC304572.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    320. Yu GH, Holers VM, Seya T, Ballard L, Atkinson JP. Identification of a third component of complement-binding glycoprotein of human platelets. J Clin Invest. 1986 Aug; 78(2):494-501. PMID: 2942562; PMCID: PMC423586.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    321. Nickells MW, Seya T, Holers VM, Atkinson JP. Analysis of C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) polymorphic variants by tryptic peptide mapping. Mol Immunol. 1986 Jun; 23(6):661-8. PMID: 2943987.
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    322. Holers VM, Seya T, Brown E, O'Shea JJ, Atkinson JP. Structural and functional studies on the human C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. Complement. 1986; 3(2):63-78. PMID: 2945695.
      View in: PubMed
    323. Seya T, Holers VM, Atkinson JP. Purification and functional analysis of the polymorphic variants of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) and comparison with H, C4b-binding protein (C4bp), and decay accelerating factor (DAF). J Immunol. 1985 Oct; 135(4):2661-7. PMID: 3161944.
      View in: PubMed
    324. Holers VM, Kotzin BL. Human peripheral blood monocytes display surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antinuclear antibodies. J Clin Invest. 1985 Sep; 76(3):991-8. PMID: 3876357; PMCID: PMC423964.
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    325. Holers VM, Cole JL, Lublin DM, Seya T, Atkinson JP. Human C3b- and C4b-regulatory proteins: a new multi-gene family. Immunol Today. 1985 Jun; 6(6):188-92. PMID: 25289982.
      View in: PubMed
    326. Rosenberg NL, Lacy JR, Kennaugh RC, Holers VM, Neville HE, Kotzin BL. Treatment of refractory chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy with lymphoid irradiation. Muscle Nerve. 1985 Mar-Apr; 8(3):223-32. PMID: 3877236.
      View in: PubMed
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