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Kenneth L Tyler

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-NEUR General Operations
Phone303/724-4327

    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Harvard University, Cambridge, MAB.A.History
    Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MDM.D.Medicine
    Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MAInternal Medicine
    MGH, Boston, MANeurology
    Harvard Medical School, Boston, MAMicrobiology & Molecular Genetics
    Collapse awards and honors
    1997Elected Member, American Society Clinical Investigation
    2000Lawrence McHenry Jr. Award, American Academy of Neurology
    20025th Landau Lecturer, Wasington University, St. Louis
    2004Connell Memorial Professor, Queens University, Ontario
    2004Inaugural Friedlander Lecturer, University of Nebraska
    2006 - 2008Chair, CNBT Study Section, NIH
    2007Elected Member, Association American Physicians
    2007Elected Fellow, American Association Advancement of Science
    201025th Lippard Lecturer, Columbia
    201240th Aird Professor, UCSF
    2012Elected Fellow, American Society Microbiology
    2014Elected Member, Henry Kunkel Society, Rockefeller University
    2014 - 2018Treasurer, Board of Directors, American Neurological Association
    2015 - 2017Director, Association University Professors Neurology
    20174th Visiting Professor, UTMB Galveston, Dept. Neurology
    2017 - 2017Chair, Zika R21 SEP NIH Study Section
    2018Richard Paine Lecturer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC
    2018Inaugural H Richard Tyler lecturer, Brigham & Womens Hospital, Dept. Neurology

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    R01AI171275     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jun 15, 2023 - May 31, 2028
    NIH
    Genomic and molecular determinants of EV-D68 neuroinvasive disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01NS101208     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Sep 1, 2018 - Aug 31, 2022
    NIH
    EV-D68-induced CNS disease: pathogenic mechanisms and identification of therapeutic targets.
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21NS103186     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jul 1, 2017 - Jun 30, 2019
    NIH
    Identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies for Zika virus-induced CNS disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R56NS101208     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Apr 1, 2017 - Mar 31, 2018
    NIH
    EV-D68-induced CNS disease: pathogenic mechanisms and identification of therapeutic targets.
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R33AI101064     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jun 1, 2012 - May 31, 2018
    NIH
    Identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets for virus-induced neuronal disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI101064     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jun 1, 2012 - May 31, 2014
    NIH
    Identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets for virus-induced neuronal disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01BX000963     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Oct 1, 2011 - Sep 30, 2025
    NIH
    Role of Microglia in Protection Against West Nile Virus-induced CNS Injury: mechanisms and treatment strategies
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01NS076512     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Sep 15, 2011 - Nov 30, 2016
    NIH
    Cellular genes and signaling pathways as therapeutic targets for virus-induced CN
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01NS051403     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Feb 7, 2006 - Dec 31, 2012
    NIH
    Mechanisms of virus-induced apoptosis in neurons and CNS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01NS050138     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jan 1, 2005 - Dec 31, 2010
    NIH
    Mechanisms of apoptosis in the central nervous system
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AG014071     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Aug 15, 1997 - May 31, 2002
    NIH
    MECHANISM OF VIRUS INDUCED CNS APOPTOSIS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K11AI000610     (TYLER, KENNETH L.)Jul 1, 1984 - Jun 30, 1989
    NIH
    GENETIC BASIS OF VIRAL NEUROVIRULENCE AND NEURAL SPREAD
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Tyler KL. Annual Report from the Editor-in-Chief (2023). Ann Neurol. 2023 Dec 08. PMID: 38065680.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Wolf AB, Money KM, Chandnani A, Daley CL, Griffith DE, Chauhan L, Coffman N, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Zimmer SM, Montague BT, Mann S, Pastula DM. Mycobacterium abscessus Meningitis Associated with Stem Cell Treatment During Medical Tourism. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 08; 29(8):1655-1658. PMID: 37486227.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Lane TR, Fu J, Sherry B, Tarbet B, Hurst BL, Riabova O, Kazakova E, Egorova A, Clarke P, Leser JS, Frost J, Rudy M, Tyler KL, Klose T, Volobueva AS, Belyaevskaya SV, Zarubaev VV, Kuhn RJ, Makarov V, Ekins S. Efficacy of an isoxazole-3-carboxamide analog of pleconaril in mouse models of Enterovirus-D68 and Coxsackie B5. Antiviral Res. 2023 08; 216:105654. PMID: 37327878.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Money KM, Chauhan L, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of Japanese Encephalitis. Neurohospitalist. 2023 Jul; 13(3):328-330. PMID: 37441216.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Frost J, Rudy MJ, Leser JS, Tan H, Hu Y, Wang J, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Telaprevir Treatment Reduces Paralysis in a Mouse Model of Enterovirus D68 Acute Flaccid Myelitis. J Virol. 2023 05 31; 97(5):e0015623. PMID: 37154751.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Stonedahl S, Leser JS, Clarke P, Potter H, Boyd TD, Tyler KL. Treatment with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces Viral Titers in the Brains of West Nile Virus-Infected Mice and Improves Survival. J Virol. 2023 03 30; 97(3):e0180522. PMID: 36802227.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Money KM, Barnett TA, Rapaka S, Osborn R, Kitani T, Fuguet D, Amjad F, Clark JR, Chakravarty D, Copeland MJ, Honce JM, Kumar PN, Kumar RN, Mousa-Ibrahim F, Sirdar B, Sobota R, Tang M, Bolon MK, Russell EJ, Wilson M, Tornatore C, Batra A, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Monkeypox-Associated Central Nervous System Disease: A Case Series and Review. Ann Neurol. 2023 05; 93(5):893-905. PMID: 36602053.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Tyler KL. Annual Report from the Editor-in-Chief (2022). Ann Neurol. 2022 Dec 27. PMID: 36573470.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Wilson MR, Tyler KL. The Current Status of Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections. JAMA Neurol. 2022 11 01; 79(11):1095-1096. PMID: 35994273.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Russo GB, Goyal T, Tyler K, Thakur KT. Re-Emergence of Poliovirus in the United States: Considerations and Implications. Ann Neurol. 2022 11; 92(5):725-728. PMID: 36120838.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Matthews E, Beckham JD, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Chauhan L, Pastula DM. Herpesvirus-Associated Encephalitis: an Update. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2022; 9(3):92-100. PMID: 36186545.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Pastula DM, Copeland MJ, Hannan MC, Rapaka S, Kitani T, Kleiner E, Showler A, Yuen C, Ferriman EM, House J, O'Brien S, Burakoff A, Gupta B, Money KM, Matthews E, Beckham JD, Chauhan L, Piquet AL, Kumar RN, Tornatore CS, Padgett K, O'Laughlin K, Mangla AT, Kumar PN, Tyler KL, O'Connor SM. Two Cases of Monkeypox-Associated Encephalomyelitis - Colorado and the District of Columbia, July-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 23; 71(38):1212-1215. PMID: 36136957.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Chauhan L, Matthews E, Piquet AL, Henao-Martinez A, Franco-Paredes C, Tyler KL, Beckham D, Pastula DM. Nervous System Manifestations of Arboviral Infections. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2022; 9(4):107-118. PMID: 36124288.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Pastula DM, Tyler KL. An Overview of Monkeypox Virus and Its Neuroinvasive Potential. Ann Neurol. 2022 10; 92(4):527-531. PMID: 35932225.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Rudy MJ, Frost J, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Neutralizing Antibody Given after Paralysis Onset Reduces the Severity of Paralysis Compared to Nonspecific Antibody-Treated Controls in a Mouse Model of EV-D68-Associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 08 16; 66(8):e0022722. PMID: 35894595.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Krett JD, Beckham JD, Tyler KL, Piquet AL, Chauhan L, Wallace CJ, Pastula DM, Kapadia RK. Neurology of Acute Viral Infections. Neurohospitalist. 2022 Oct; 12(4):632-646. PMID: 36147750.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Tyler KL. The enigmatic links between Epstein-Barr virus infection and multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2022 05 02; 132(9). PMID: 35499072.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Stonedahl S, Leser JS, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Depletion of Microglia in an Ex Vivo Brain Slice Culture Model of West Nile Virus Infection Leads to Increased Viral Titers and Cell Death. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 04 27; 10(2):e0068522. PMID: 35412380.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Matthews E, Chauhan L, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of La Crosse Virus Disease. Neurohospitalist. 2022 Jul; 12(3):587-588. PMID: 35755222.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Rudy MJ, Coughlan C, Hixon AM, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Density Analysis of Enterovirus D68 Shows Viral Particles Can Associate with Exosomes. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 02 23; 10(1):e0245221. PMID: 35170992.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Messacar K, Palmer C, Gregoire L, Elliott A, Ackley E, Perraillon MC, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. Clinical and Financial Impact of a Diagnostic Stewardship Program for Children with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection. J Pediatr. 2022 05; 244:161-168.e1. PMID: 35150729.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Kendall LV, Boyd TD, Sillau SH, Bosco-Lauth A, Markham N, Fong D, Clarke P, Tyler KL, Potter H. GM-CSF Promotes Immune Response and Survival in a Mouse Model of COVID-19. Res Sq. 2022 Jan 26. PMID: 35118463.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Tyler KL. A Message from the Editor-in-Chief. Ann Neurol. 2022 01; 91(1):1-3. PMID: 34820891.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Tyler KL. The Link Between Alzheimer Disease and Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Better Late Than Never, or Better Never Than Late? Neurotherapeutics. 2021 10; 18(4):2421-2424. PMID: 34480291.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Clarke P, Leser JS, Tyler KL. Intrinsic Innate Immune Responses Control Viral Growth and Protect against Neuronal Death in an Ex Vivo Model of West Nile Virus-Induced Central Nervous System Disease. J Virol. 2021 08 25; 95(18):e0083521. PMID: 34190599.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Kapadia RK, Gill CM, Baca C, McMenamin C, Kannappan A, Niehaus WN, Tyler KL, Pastula DM, Piquet AL. Enterovirus A71 causing meningoencephalitis and acute flaccid myelitis in a patient receiving rituximab. J Neuroimmunol. 2021 09 15; 358:577639. PMID: 34214953.
      View in: PubMed
    27. High B, Hixon AM, Tyler KL, Piquet AL, Pelak VS. Neurology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gathering Data for an Informed Response. Neurol Clin Pract. 2021 Apr; 11(2):e48-e63. PMID: 33842072.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Coleman KJ, Chauhan L, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of Jamestown Canyon Virus Disease. Neurohospitalist. 2021 Jul; 11(3):277-278. PMID: 34163560.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Rozental AJ, McGrath S, Mooney AP, Hinson SR, McKeon A, Pittock SJ, Gross CC, Tyler KL. Evaluation of cell-based and tissue-based immunofluorescent assays for detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin and other central nervous system disorders. Am J Vet Res. 2021 Feb; 82(2):132-137. PMID: 33480282.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Dionne KR, Tyler KL, Clarke P. Slice Culture Modeling of CNS Viral Infection. Methods Mol Biol. 2021; 2311:109-130. PMID: 34033080.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Stonedahl S, Clarke P, Tyler KL. The Role of Microglia during West Nile Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Aug 28; 8(3). PMID: 32872152.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Kapadia RK, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Encephalitis in adults caused by herpes simplex virus. CMAJ. 2020 Aug 10; 192(32):E919. PMID: 32778604.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Koralnik IJ, Tyler KL. COVID-19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System. Ann Neurol. 2020 07; 88(1):1-11. PMID: 32506549.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Messacar K, Gaensbauer JT, Birkholz M, Palmer C, Todd JK, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. Impact of FilmArray meningitis encephalitis panel on HSV testing and empiric acyclovir use in children beyond the neonatal period. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Aug; 97(4):115085. PMID: 32559588.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Potter H, Boyd TD, Clarke P, Pelak VS, Tyler KL. Recruiting the innate immune system with GM-CSF to fight viral diseases, including West Nile Virus encephalitis and COVID-19. F1000Res. 2020; 9:345. PMID: 32704352.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Kuczynski AM, Wallace CJ, Wada R, Tyler KL, Kapadia RK. Crossed Zoster Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Presentation Following Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Can J Neurol Sci. 2020 09; 47(5):711-713. PMID: 32389129.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Kapadia RK, Chauhan L, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). Neurohospitalist. 2020 Jul; 10(3):161-162. PMID: 32549937.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Tyler KL, R?egg S. The neuromythology of Hashimoto encephalopathy: The emperor has no clothes. Neurology. 2020 01 14; 94(2):55-56. PMID: 31882524.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Gill CM, Kapadia RK, Beckham JD, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Usutu virus disease: a potential problem for North America? J Neurovirol. 2020 04; 26(2):149-154. PMID: 31858483.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Messacar K, Spence-Davizon E, Osborne C, Press C, Schreiner TL, Martin J, Messer R, Maloney J, Burakoff A, Barnes M, Rogers S, Lopez AS, Routh J, Gerber SI, Oberste MS, Nix WA, Abzug MJ, Tyler KL, Herlihy R, Dominguez SR. Clinical characteristics of enterovirus A71 neurological disease during an outbreak in children in Colorado, USA, in 2018: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 02; 20(2):230-239. PMID: 31859216.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Gnann JW, Agrawal A, Hart J, Buitrago M, Carson P, Hanfelt-Goade D, Tyler K, Spotkov J, Freifeld A, Moore T, Reyno J, Masur H, Jester P, Dale I, Li Y, Aban I, Lakeman FD, Whitley RJ. Lack of Efficacy of High-Titered Immunoglobulin in Patients with West Nile Virus Central Nervous System Disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 11; 25(11):2064-2073. PMID: 31625835.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Gill CM, Beckham JD, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Five Emerging Neuroinvasive Arboviral Diseases: Cache Valley, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu. Semin Neurol. 2019 08; 39(4):419-427. PMID: 31533182.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Clifford DB, Tyler KL. Dosing interval of natalizumab in MS: Do good things come to those who wait? Neurology. 2019 10 08; 93(15):655-656. PMID: 31515289.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Hixon AM, Frost J, Rudy MJ, Messacar K, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Understanding Enterovirus D68-Induced Neurologic Disease: A Basic Science Review. Viruses. 2019 09 04; 11(9). PMID: 31487952.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Bonney S, Seitz S, Ryan CA, Jones KL, Clarke P, Tyler KL, Siegenthaler JA. Gamma Interferon Alters Junctional Integrity via Rho Kinase, Resulting in Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Experimental Viral Encephalitis. mBio. 2019 08 06; 10(4). PMID: 31387911.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Hixon AM, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Contemporary Circulating Enterovirus D68 Strains Infect and Undergo Retrograde Axonal Transport in Spinal Motor Neurons Independent of Sialic Acid. J Virol. 2019 08 15; 93(16). PMID: 31167912.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Clarke P, Zhuang Y, Berens HM, Leser JS, Tyler KL. Interferon Beta Contributes to Astrocyte Activation in the Brain following Reovirus Infection. J Virol. 2019 05 15; 93(10). PMID: 30814290.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Khan M, Beckham JD, Piquet AL, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of Powassan Virus Disease. Neurohospitalist. 2019 Oct; 9(4):181-182. PMID: 31534605.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Messacar K, Tyler KL. Enterovirus D68-Associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Rising to the Clinical and Research Challenges. JAMA. 2019 03 05; 321(9):831-832. PMID: 30768149.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, Weinshenker BG, Shosha E, Lucchinetti CF, Fryer JP, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Chen JC, Jitprapaikulsan J, McKeon A, Gadoth A, Keegan BM, Tillema JM, Naddaf E, Patterson MC, Messacar K, Tyler KL, Flanagan EP. Clinical, Radiologic, and Prognostic Features of Myelitis Associated With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody. JAMA Neurol. 2019 03 01; 76(3):301-309. PMID: 30575890.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Messacar K, Sillau S, Hopkins SE, Otten C, Wilson-Murphy M, Wong B, Santoro JD, Treister A, Bains HK, Torres A, Zabrocki L, Glanternik JR, Hurst AL, Martin JA, Schreiner T, Makhani N, DeBiasi RL, Kruer MC, Tremoulet AH, Van Haren K, Desai J, Benson LA, Gorman MP, Abzug MJ, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis. Neurology. 2019 04 30; 92(18):e2118-e2126. PMID: 30413631.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Brown DM, Hixon AM, Oldfield LM, Zhang Y, Novotny M, Wang W, Das SR, Shabman RS, Tyler KL, Scheuermann RH. Contemporary Circulating Enterovirus D68 Strains Have Acquired the Capacity for Viral Entry and Replication in Human Neuronal Cells. mBio. 2018 10 16; 9(5). PMID: 30327438.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Tyler KL. Acute Viral Encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 09; 379(6):557-566. PMID: 30089069.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Tyler KL. What's Next (Generation) for the Diagnosis of Chronic Meningitis? JAMA Neurol. 2018 08 01; 75(8):915-917. PMID: 29710076.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Seitz S, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Pharmacologic Depletion of Microglia Increases Viral Load in the Brain and Enhances Mortality in Murine Models of Flavivirus-Induced Encephalitis. J Virol. 2018 08 15; 92(16). PMID: 29899084.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Messacar K, Asturias EJ, Hixon AM, Van Leer-Buter C, Niesters HGM, Tyler KL, Abzug MJ, Dominguez SR. Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis-evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 08; 18(8):e239-e247. PMID: 29482893.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Messacar K, Fischer M, Dominguez SR, Tyler KL, Abzug MJ. Encephalitis in US Children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018 03; 32(1):145-162. PMID: 29224854.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Hixon AM, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Evaluating Treatment Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Enterovirus D68-Associated Paralytic Myelitis. J Infect Dis. 2017 12 05; 216(10):1245-1253. PMID: 28968718.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Hoon-Hanks LL, McGrath S, Tyler KL, Owen C, Stenglein MD. Metagenomic Investigation of Idiopathic Meningoencephalomyelitis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2018 Jan; 32(1):324-330. PMID: 29197179.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Quick ED, Seitz S, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Minocycline Has Anti-inflammatory Effects and Reduces Cytotoxicity in an Ex Vivo Spinal Cord Slice Culture Model of West Nile Virus Infection. J Virol. 2017 11 15; 91(22). PMID: 28878079.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Tyler KL, Roos KL. The Expanding Spectrum of Zika Virus Infections of the Nervous System. JAMA Neurol. 2017 10 01; 74(10):1169-1171. PMID: 28806454.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Martin JA, Messacar K, Yang ML, Maloney JA, Lindwall J, Carry T, Kenyon P, Sillau SH, Oleszek J, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR, Schreiner TL. Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology. 2017 Jul 11; 89(2):129-137. PMID: 28615421.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Pastula DM, Durrant JC, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Zika Virus Disease for the Neurointensivist. Neurocrit Care. 2017 Jun; 26(3):457-463. PMID: 27995511.
      View in: PubMed
    64. McGuinness I, Beckham JD, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. An Overview of Yellow Fever Virus Disease. Neurohospitalist. 2017 Oct; 7(4):157-158. PMID: 28974992.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Shives KD, Tyler KL, Beckham JD. Molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and injury during acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2017 07 15; 308:102-111. PMID: 28291542.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Hixon AM, Yu G, Leser JS, Yagi S, Clarke P, Chiu CY, Tyler KL. A mouse model of paralytic myelitis caused by enterovirus D68. PLoS Pathog. 2017 02; 13(2):e1006199. PMID: 28231269.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Tyler KL, Vollmer TL. To PLEX or not to PLEX in natalizumab-associated PML. Neurology. 2017 03 21; 88(12):1108-1109. PMID: 28228561.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Duca LM, Beckham JD, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Zika Virus Disease and Associated Neurologic Complications. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Jan; 19(1):4. PMID: 28220392.
      View in: PubMed
    69. Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Hepatitis E Virus and Guillain-Barr? Syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2017 01 01; 74(1):13-15. PMID: 27820625.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Zika virus disease for neurologists. Neurol Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 6(6):515-522. PMID: 28058206.
      View in: PubMed
    71. Wilson M, Tyler KL. Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools for Central Nervous System Infections. JAMA Neurol. 2016 12 01; 73(12):1389-1390. PMID: 27695862.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Lipton HL, Tyler K. In memoriam: Donald H. Gilden, M.D. J Neurovirol. 2016 10; 22(5):551-552. PMID: 27683234.
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    73. Zhuang Y, Berens-Norman HM, Leser JS, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Mitochondrial p53 Contributes to Reovirus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Central Nervous System Injury in a Mouse Model of Viral Encephalitis. J Virol. 2016 09 01; 90(17):7684-91. PMID: 27307572.
      View in: PubMed
    74. White MK, Wollebo HS, David Beckham J, Tyler KL, Khalili K. Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent. Ann Neurol. 2016 Oct; 80(4):479-89. PMID: 27464346.
      View in: PubMed
    75. Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Van Haren K, Yang M, Glaser CA, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. Acute flaccid myelitis: A clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol. 2016 09; 80(3):326-38. PMID: 27422805.
      View in: PubMed
    76. Beckham JD, Pastula DM, Massey A, Tyler KL. Zika Virus as an Emerging Global Pathogen: Neurological Complications of Zika Virus. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Jul 01; 73(7):875-9. PMID: 27183312.
      View in: PubMed
    77. Vasek MJ, Garber C, Dorsey D, Durrant DM, Bollman B, Soung A, Yu J, Perez-Torres C, Frouin A, Wilton DK, Funk K, DeMasters BK, Jiang X, Bowen JR, Mennerick S, Robinson JK, Garbow JR, Tyler KL, Suthar MS, Schmidt RE, Stevens B, Klein RS. A complement-microglial axis drives synapse loss during virus-induced memory impairment. Nature. 2016 06 23; 534(7608):538-43. PMID: 27337340.
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    78. Pastula DM, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. An Overview of Zika Virus Disease. Neurohospitalist. 2016 Jul; 6(3):93-4. PMID: 27366289.
      View in: PubMed
    79. Pastula DM, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases. J Neurovirol. 2016 06; 22(3):257-60. PMID: 26903031.
      View in: PubMed
    80. Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Arbovirus Infections. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2015 Dec; 21(6 Neuroinfectious Disease):1599-611. PMID: 26633778.
      View in: PubMed
    81. Patera AC, Butler SL, Cinque P, Clifford DB, Elston R, Garcea RL, Major EO, Pavlovic D, Peterson IS, Ryan AM, Tyler KL, Weber T. 2nd International Conference on Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) 2015: JCV virology, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy pathogenesis, diagnosis and risk stratification, and new approaches to prevention and treatment. J Neurovirol. 2015 Dec; 21(6):702-5. PMID: 26501778.
      View in: PubMed
    82. Tyler KL. Editorial Commentary: Failure of Adjunctive Valacyclovir to Improve Outcomes in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 01; 61(5):692-4. PMID: 25956893.
      View in: PubMed
    83. Tyler KL. Rationale for the evaluation of fluoxetine in the treatment of enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis. JAMA Neurol. 2015 May; 72(5):493-4. PMID: 25775436.
      View in: PubMed
    84. Tyler KL. Fingolimod and risk of varicella-zoster virus infection: back to the future with an old infection and a new drug. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Jan; 72(1):10-3. PMID: 25420159.
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    85. Steiner I, Tyler KL. The toll (like receptor 3) to the pathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurology. 2014 Nov 18; 83(21):1882-3. PMID: 25339218.
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    86. Quick ED, Leser JS, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Activation of intrinsic immune responses and microglial phagocytosis in an ex vivo spinal cord slice culture model of West Nile virus infection. J Virol. 2014 Nov; 88(22):13005-14. PMID: 25165111.
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    87. Tyler KL. Current developments in understanding of West Nile virus central nervous system disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2014 Jun; 27(3):342-8. PMID: 24722324.
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    88. Clarke P, Leser JS, Bowen RA, Tyler KL. Virus-induced transcriptional changes in the brain include the differential expression of genes associated with interferon, apoptosis, interleukin 17 receptor A, and glutamate signaling as well as flavivirus-specific upregulation of tRNA synthetases. mBio. 2014 Mar 11; 5(2):e00902-14. PMID: 24618253.
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    89. Oyer RJ, David Beckham J, Tyler KL. West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 123:433-47. PMID: 25015498.
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    90. Clarke P, Leser JS, Quick ED, Dionne KR, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling is activated in the brain following infection with West Nile virus in the absence of a peripheral immune response. J Virol. 2014 Jan; 88(2):1080-9. PMID: 24198425.
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    91. Nath A, Tyler KL. Novel approaches and challenges to treatment of central nervous system viral infections. Ann Neurol. 2013 Sep; 74(3):412-22. PMID: 23913580.
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    92. Tyler KL. PML therapy: "It's D?j? vu all over again". J Neurovirol. 2013 Aug; 19(4):311-3. PMID: 23913113.
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    93. Davis LE, Oyer R, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Elevated CSF cytokines in the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of general paresis. JAMA Neurol. 2013 Aug; 70(8):1060-4. PMID: 23732875.
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    94. Tyler KL, Johnson EC, Cantu DS, Haller BL. A 20-year-old woman with headache and transient numbness. Neurohospitalist. 2013 Apr; 3(2):101-10. PMID: 23983894.
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    95. Dionne KR, Zhuang Y, Leser JS, Tyler KL, Clarke P. Daxx upregulation within the cytoplasm of reovirus-infected cells is mediated by interferon and contributes to apoptosis. J Virol. 2013 Mar; 87(6):3447-60. PMID: 23302889.
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    96. Dionne KR, Tyler KL. Slice culture modeling of central nervous system (CNS) viral infection. Methods Mol Biol. 2013; 1078:97-117. PMID: 23975824.
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    97. Beatman E, Oyer R, Shives KD, Hedman K, Brault AC, Tyler KL, Beckham JD. West Nile virus growth is independent of autophagy activation. Virology. 2012 Nov 10; 433(1):262-72. PMID: 22939285.
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    98. Schittone SA, Dionne KR, Tyler KL, Clarke P. Activation of innate immune responses in the central nervous system during reovirus myelitis. J Virol. 2012 Aug; 86(15):8107-18. PMID: 22623770.
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    99. Stankiewicz TR, Loucks FA, Schroeder EK, Nevalainen MT, Tyler KL, Aktories K, Bouchard RJ, Linseman DA. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by inhibition of Rac GTPase activity. J Biol Chem. 2012 May 11; 287(20):16835-48. PMID: 22378792.
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    100. Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Neuro-intensive care of patients with acute CNS infections. Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jan; 9(1):124-38. PMID: 22102180.
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    101. Wilson MR, Tyler KL. Issues and updates in emerging neurologic viral infections. Semin Neurol. 2011 Jul; 31(3):245-53. PMID: 21964843.
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    102. Dionne KR, Galvin JM, Schittone SA, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Type I interferon signaling limits reoviral tropism within the brain and prevents lethal systemic infection. J Neurovirol. 2011 Aug; 17(4):314-26. PMID: 21671121.
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    103. Clifford DB, Ances B, Costello C, Rosen-Schmidt S, Andersson M, Parks D, Perry A, Yerra R, Schmidt R, Alvarez E, Tyler KL. Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol. 2011 Sep; 68(9):1156-64. PMID: 21555606.
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    104. Berens HM, Tyler KL. The proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bax plays an important role in the pathogenesis of reovirus encephalitis. J Virol. 2011 Apr; 85(8):3858-71. PMID: 21307199.
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    105. Dionne KR, Leser JS, Lorenzen KA, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. A brain slice culture model of viral encephalitis reveals an innate CNS cytokine response profile and the therapeutic potential of caspase inhibition. Exp Neurol. 2011 Apr; 228(2):222-31. PMID: 21241693.
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    106. Tyler KL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: can we reduce risk in patients receiving biological immunomodulatory therapies? Ann Neurol. 2010 Sep; 68(3):271-4. PMID: 20818784.
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    107. Beckham JD, Tuttle KD, Tyler KL. Caspase-3 activation is required for reovirus-induced encephalitis in vivo. J Neurovirol. 2010 Jul; 16(4):306-17. PMID: 20626234.
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    108. Tyler KL, Leser JS, Phang TL, Clarke P. Gene expression in the brain during reovirus encephalitis. J Neurovirol. 2010 Feb; 16(1):56-71. PMID: 20158406.
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    109. Tyler KL. Chapter 28: a history of bacterial meningitis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010; 95:417-33. PMID: 19892131.
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    110. Blakely PK, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Tyler KL, Irani DN. Disrupted glutamate transporter expression in the spinal cord with acute flaccid paralysis caused by West Nile virus infection. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Oct; 68(10):1061-72. PMID: 19918118.
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    111. Tyler KL. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 2. Arch Neurol. 2009 Sep; 66(9):1065-74. PMID: 19752295.
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    112. Levi ME, Quan D, Ho JT, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Tyler KL, Grazia TJ. Impact of rituximab-associated B-cell defects on West Nile virus meningoencephalitis in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2010 Mar-Apr; 24(2):223-8. PMID: 19659514.
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    113. Korman BD, Tyler KL, Korman NJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, efalizumab, and immunosuppression: a cautionary tale for dermatologists. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Aug; 145(8):937-42. PMID: 19687432.
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    114. Tyler KL. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. Arch Neurol. 2009 Aug; 66(8):939-48. PMID: 19667214.
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    115. Boster A, Hreha S, Berger JR, Bao F, Penmesta R, Tselis A, Endress C, Zak I, Perumal J, Caon C, Vazquez J, Tyler KL, Racke MK, Millis S, Khan O. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparative study. Arch Neurol. 2009 May; 66(5):593-9. PMID: 19433659.
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    116. Clarke P, Beckham JD, Leser JS, Hoyt CC, Tyler KL. Fas-mediated apoptotic signaling in the mouse brain following reovirus infection. J Virol. 2009 Jun; 83(12):6161-70. PMID: 19321603.
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    117. Beckham JD, Tuttle K, Tyler KL. Reovirus activates transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in the central nervous system that contribute to neuronal survival following infection. J Virol. 2009 May; 83(10):5035-45. PMID: 19279118.
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    118. Miyamoto SD, Brown RD, Robinson BA, Tyler KL, Long CS, Debiasi RL. Cardiac cell-specific apoptotic and cytokine responses to reovirus infection: determinants of myocarditic phenotype. J Card Fail. 2009 Aug; 15(6):529-39. PMID: 19643365.
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    119. Clarke P, Tyler KL. Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Feb; 7(2):144-55. PMID: 19148180.
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    120. Tyler KL. Prednisolone--but not antiviral drugs--improves outcome in patients with Bell's palsy. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2009 Feb; 5(2):74-5. PMID: 19139743.
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    121. Tyler KL. Neurological infections: advances in therapy, outcome, and prediction. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Jan; 8(1):19-21. PMID: 19081508.
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    122. Tyler KL. The 50th birthday of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: New insights into pathogenesis. Ann Neurol. 2008 Oct; 64(4):359-61. PMID: 18991349.
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    123. Davis LE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. North American encephalitic arboviruses. Neurol Clin. 2008 Aug; 26(3):727-57, ix. PMID: 18657724.
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    124. Bosque PJ, Tyler KL. Prions' travels--feces and transmission of prion diseases. J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 01; 198(1):8-9. PMID: 18505382.
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    125. Tyler KL. Bacterial meningitis: an urgent need for further progress to reduce mortality and morbidity. Neurology. 2008 May 27; 70(22 Pt 2):2095-6. PMID: 18505990.
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    126. Goody RJ, Schittone SA, Tyler KL. Experimental reovirus-induced acute flaccid paralysis and spinal motor neuron cell death. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008 Mar; 67(3):231-9. PMID: 18344914.
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    127. Hall DA, Tyler KL, Frey KL, Kozora E, Arciniegas DB. Persistent neurobehavioral signs and symptoms following West Nile fever. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008; 20(1):122-3. PMID: 18305310.
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    128. Tyler KL. Acute pyogenic diskitis (spondylodiskitis) in adults. Rev Neurol Dis. 2008; 5(1):8-13. PMID: 18418317.
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    129. Hudson LA, Rollins YD, Anderson CA, Johnston-Brooks C, Tyler KL, Filley CM. Reduplicative paramnesia in Morvan's syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2008 Apr 15; 267(1-2):154-7. PMID: 17928004.
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    130. Gilden DH, Tyler KL. Bell's palsy--is glucocorticoid treatment enough? N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 18; 357(16):1653-5. PMID: 17942879.
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    131. Zimmermann AK, Loucks FA, Schroeder EK, Bouchard RJ, Tyler KL, Linseman DA. Glutathione binding to the Bcl-2 homology-3 domain groove: a molecular basis for Bcl-2 antioxidant function at mitochondria. J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 05; 282(40):29296-304. PMID: 17690097.
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    132. Goody RJ, Beckham JD, Rubtsova K, Tyler KL. JAK-STAT signaling pathways are activated in the brain following reovirus infection. J Neurovirol. 2007 Aug; 13(4):373-83. PMID: 17849321.
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    133. Beckham JD, Goody RJ, Clarke P, Bonny C, Tyler KL. Novel strategy for treatment of viral central nervous system infection by using a cell-permeating inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Virol. 2007 Jul; 81(13):6984-92. PMID: 17475657.
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    134. Anderson CA, Bosque P, Filley CM, Arciniegas DB, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Pape WJ, Tyler KL. Colorado surveillance program for chronic wasting disease transmission to humans: lessons from 2 highly suspicious but negative cases. Arch Neurol. 2007 Mar; 64(3):439-41. PMID: 17353391.
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    135. Tyler KL, Aksamit AJ, Keegan BM, Parisi JE. An 85-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and altered mental status. Neurology. 2007 Feb 06; 68(6):460-7. PMID: 17283324.
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    136. Gilden DH, Mahalingam R, Cohrs RJ, Tyler KL. Herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007 Feb; 3(2):82-94. PMID: 17279082.
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    137. Tyler KL, Beckham JD. Management of acute shingles (herpes zoster). Rev Neurol Dis. 2007; 4(4):203-8. PMID: 18195672.
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    138. Clarke P, Tyler KL. Down-regulation of cFLIP following reovirus infection sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2007 Jan; 12(1):211-23. PMID: 17136319.
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    139. Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Infectious disease - developments in the field of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Rev Neurol Dis. 2007; 4(3):168-72. PMID: 17943072.
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    140. Davis LE, DeBiasi R, Goade DE, Haaland KY, Harrington JA, Harnar JB, Pergam SA, King MK, DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease. Ann Neurol. 2006 Sep; 60(3):286-300. PMID: 16983682.
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    141. Debiasi RL, Tyler KL. West Nile virus meningoencephalitis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006 May; 2(5):264-75. PMID: 16932563.
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    142. Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Initial management of acute bacterial meningitis in adults: summary of IDSA guidelines. Rev Neurol Dis. 2006; 3(2):57-60. PMID: 16819421.
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    143. Tyler KL, Pape J, Goody RJ, Corkill M, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. CSF findings in 250 patients with serologically confirmed West Nile virus meningitis and encephalitis. Neurology. 2006 Feb 14; 66(3):361-5. PMID: 16382032.
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    144. Goody RJ, Hoyt CC, Tyler KL. Reovirus infection of the CNS enhances iNOS expression in areas of virus-induced injury. Exp Neurol. 2005 Oct; 195(2):379-90. PMID: 16004984.
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    145. Le SS, Loucks FA, Udo H, Richardson-Burns S, Phelps RA, Bouchard RJ, Barth H, Aktories K, Tyler KL, Kandel ER, Heidenreich KA, Linseman DA. Inhibition of Rac GTPase triggers a c-Jun- and Bim-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic cascade in cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurochem. 2005 Aug; 94(4):1025-39. PMID: 16092944.
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    146. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 28; 353(4):369-74. PMID: 15947079.
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    147. Clarke P, Debiasi RL, Meintzer SM, Robinson BA, Tyler KL. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity and cFLIP expression contribute to viral-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2005 May; 10(3):513-24. PMID: 15909114.
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    148. Richardson-Burns SM, Tyler KL. Minocycline delays disease onset and mortality in reovirus encephalitis. Exp Neurol. 2005 Apr; 192(2):331-9. PMID: 15755550.
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    149. Hoyt CC, Richardson-Burns SM, Goody RJ, Robinson BA, Debiasi RL, Tyler KL. Nonstructural protein sigma1s is a determinant of reovirus virulence and influences the kinetics and severity of apoptosis induction in the heart and central nervous system. J Virol. 2005 Mar; 79(5):2743-53. PMID: 15708993.
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    150. Clarke P, Debiasi RL, Goody R, Hoyt CC, Richardson-Burns S, Tyler KL. Mechanisms of reovirus-induced cell death and tissue injury: role of apoptosis and virus-induced perturbation of host-cell signaling and transcription factor activation. Viral Immunol. 2005; 18(1):89-115. PMID: 15802955.
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    151. Tyler KL, Khalili K. Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: highlights of the International Workshop on JC Virus/PML and Multiple Sclerosis, June 3-4, 2005, Philadelphia PA. Rev Neurol Dis. 2005; 2(3):144-9. PMID: 16400315.
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    152. Davis LE, Tyler KL. Molecular diagnosis of CNS viral infections. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Jan; 76(1):10. PMID: 15607987.
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    153. Clarke P, Richardson-Burns SM, DeBiasi RL, Tyler KL. Mechanisms of apoptosis during reovirus infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005; 289:1-24. PMID: 15791949.
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    154. Lapadat R, Debiasi RL, Johnson GL, Tyler KL, Shah I. Genes Induced by Reovirus Infection Have a Distinct Modular Cis-Regulatory Architecture. Curr Genomics. 2005; 6:501-513. PMID: 23335855.
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    155. Weinberg A, Bloch KC, Li S, Tang YW, Palmer M, Tyler KL. Dual infections of the central nervous system with Epstein-Barr virus. J Infect Dis. 2005 Jan 15; 191(2):234-7. PMID: 15609233.
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    156. Clarke P, Meintzer SM, Wang Y, Moffitt LA, Richardson-Burns SM, Johnson GL, Tyler KL. JNK regulates the release of proapoptotic mitochondrial factors in reovirus-infected cells. J Virol. 2004 Dec; 78(23):13132-8. PMID: 15542665.
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    157. Debiasi RL, Tyler KL. Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral encephalitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct; 17(4):903-25, table of contents. PMID: 15489354.
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    158. DeBiasi RL, Robinson BA, Sherry B, Bouchard R, Brown RD, Rizeq M, Long C, Tyler KL. Caspase inhibition protects against reovirus-induced myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo. J Virol. 2004 Oct; 78(20):11040-50. PMID: 15452224.
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    159. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Marder BA, Levi ME, Laird SP, McNutt JT, Escott EJ, Everson GT, Tyler KL. Naturally acquired West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in transplant recipients: clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, and neuropathological features. Arch Neurol. 2004 Aug; 61(8):1210-20. PMID: 15313837.
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    160. Tyler KL. West Nile virus infection in the United States. Arch Neurol. 2004 Aug; 61(8):1190-5. PMID: 15313835.
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    161. Tyler KL. COMMENTARY: Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC. Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis 1980; 142:205-208. J Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 01; 190(3):653-60. PMID: 15243947.
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    162. Hoyt CC, Bouchard RJ, Tyler KL. Novel nuclear herniations induced by nuclear localization of a viral protein. J Virol. 2004 Jun; 78(12):6360-9. PMID: 15163729.
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    163. Tyler KL. Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system: encephalitis and meningitis, including Mollaret's. Herpes. 2004 Jun; 11 Suppl 2:57A-64A. PMID: 15319091.
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    164. Richardson-Burns SM, Tyler KL. Regional differences in viral growth and central nervous system injury correlate with apoptosis. J Virol. 2004 May; 78(10):5466-75. PMID: 15113925.
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    165. Edelmann KH, Richardson-Burns S, Alexopoulou L, Tyler KL, Flavell RA, Oldstone MB. Does Toll-like receptor 3 play a biological role in virus infections? Virology. 2004 May 01; 322(2):231-8. PMID: 15110521.
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    166. Tyler KL, Barton ES, Ibach ML, Robinson C, Campbell JA, O'Donnell SM, Valyi-Nagy T, Clarke P, Wetzel JD, Dermody TS. Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel type 3 reovirus from a child with meningitis. J Infect Dis. 2004 May 01; 189(9):1664-75. PMID: 15116303.
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    167. Tyler KL. Update on herpes simplex encephalitis. Rev Neurol Dis. 2004; 1(4):169-78. PMID: 16400278.
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    168. McCabe K, Tyler K, Tanabe J. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities as a clue to the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurology. 2003 Oct 14; 61(7):1015-6. PMID: 14557588.
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    169. Tyler KL. Origins and early descriptions of "Duchenne muscular dystrophy". Muscle Nerve. 2003 Oct; 28(4):402-22. PMID: 14506712.
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    170. Tyler KL. The uninvited guest: JC virus infection of neurons in PML. Neurology. 2003 Sep 23; 61(6):734-5. PMID: 14504312.
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    171. DeBiasi RL, Clarke P, Meintzer S, Jotte R, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Johnson GL, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced alteration in expression of apoptosis and DNA repair genes with potential roles in viral pathogenesis. J Virol. 2003 Aug; 77(16):8934-47. PMID: 12885910.
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    172. Tyler KL. William Richard Gowers (1845-1915). J Neurol. 2003 Aug; 250(8):1012-3. PMID: 12928929.
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    173. Cuevas BD, Abell AN, Witowsky JA, Yujiri T, Johnson NL, Kesavan K, Ware M, Jones PL, Weed SA, DeBiasi RL, Oka Y, Tyler KL, Johnson GL. MEKK1 regulates calpain-dependent proteolysis of focal adhesion proteins for rear-end detachment of migrating fibroblasts. EMBO J. 2003 Jul 01; 22(13):3346-55. PMID: 12839996.
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    174. Gonzales N, Tyler KL, Gilden DH. Recurrent dermatomal vesicular skin lesions: a clue to diagnosis of herpes simplex virus 2 meningitis. Arch Neurol. 2003 Jun; 60(6):868-9. PMID: 12810492.
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    175. Tyler KL. Human herpesvirus 6 and multiple sclerosis: the continuing conundrum. J Infect Dis. 2003 May 01; 187(9):1360-4. PMID: 12717616.
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    176. Clarke P, Meintzer SM, Moffitt LA, Tyler KL. Two distinct phases of virus-induced nuclear factor kappa B regulation enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in virus-infected cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16; 278(20):18092-100. PMID: 12637521.
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    177. Clarke P, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced apoptosis: A minireview. Apoptosis. 2003 Mar; 8(2):141-50. PMID: 12766474.
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    178. Tyler KL. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 20; 348(8):681-2. PMID: 12594311.
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    179. Tyler K, York GK, Steinberg DA, Okun MS, Steinbach M, Satran R, Fine EJ, Manteghi T, Bleck TP, Swanson JW, Mishra S, Meador KJ, Clifford DB, Toole JF, Melson L. Part 2: history of 20th century neurology: decade by decade. Ann Neurol. 2003; 53 Suppl 4:S27-45. PMID: 12722088.
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    180. Richardson-Burns SM, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, DeBiasi RL, Tyler KL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and apoptosis of infected oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system of patients with and without AIDS. Arch Neurol. 2002 Dec; 59(12):1930-6. PMID: 12470182.
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    181. Mann MA, Tyler KL, Knipe DM, Fields BN. Type 3 reovirus neuroinvasion after intramuscular inoculation: viral genetic determinants of lethality and spinal cord infection. Virology. 2002 Nov 25; 303(2):213-21. PMID: 12490384.
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    182. DeBiasi RL, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Weinberg A, Tyler KL. Use of PCR for the diagnosis of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. J Clin Virol. 2002 Jul; 25 Suppl 1:S5-11. PMID: 12091076.
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    183. Redington JJ, Tyler KL. Viral infections of the nervous system, 2002: update on diagnosis and treatment. Arch Neurol. 2002 May; 59(5):712-8. PMID: 12020250.
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    184. Poggioli GJ, DeBiasi RL, Bickel R, Jotte R, Spalding A, Johnson GL, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced alterations in gene expression related to cell cycle regulation. J Virol. 2002 Mar; 76(6):2585-94. PMID: 11861824.
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    185. Spalding AC, Jotte RM, Scheinman RI, Geraci MW, Clarke P, Tyler KL, Johnson GL. TRAIL and inhibitors of apoptosis are opposing determinants for NF-kappaB-dependent, genotoxin-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Oncogene. 2002 Jan 10; 21(2):260-71. PMID: 11803469.
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    186. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, DeBiasi RL, Tyler KL. Polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic adjunct in herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 2001 Oct; 11(4):452-64. PMID: 11556691.
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    187. Poggioli GJ, Dermody TS, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced sigma1s-dependent G(2)/M phase cell cycle arrest is associated with inhibition of p34(cdc2). J Virol. 2001 Aug; 75(16):7429-34. PMID: 11462015.
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    188. DeBiasi RL, Edelstein CL, Sherry B, Tyler KL. Calpain inhibition protects against virus-induced apoptotic myocardial injury. J Virol. 2001 Jan; 75(1):351-61. PMID: 11119604.
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    189. Tyler KL, Malessa R. The Goltz-Ferrier debates and the triumph of cerebral localizationalist theory. Neurology. 2000 Oct 10; 55(7):1015-24. PMID: 11061261.
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    190. Poggioli GJ, Keefer C, Connolly JL, Dermody TS, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest requires sigma1s and occurs in the absence of apoptosis. J Virol. 2000 Oct; 74(20):9562-70. PMID: 11000227.
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    191. Clarke P, Meintzer SM, Gibson S, Widmann C, Garrington TP, Johnson GL, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced apoptosis is mediated by TRAIL. J Virol. 2000 Sep; 74(17):8135-9. PMID: 10933724.
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    192. Tyler KL. Positive CSF HSV PCR in patients with GBM: a note of caution. Neurology. 2000 Aug 22; 55(4):604. PMID: 10953212.
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    193. Tyler KL, Roberts D, Tyler HR. The shorthand publications of Sir William Richard Gowers. Neurology. 2000 Jul 25; 55(2):289-93. PMID: 10908908.
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    194. Yujiri T, Ware M, Widmann C, Oyer R, Russell D, Chan E, Zaitsu Y, Clarke P, Tyler K, Oka Y, Fanger GR, Henson P, Johnson GL. MEK kinase 1 gene disruption alters cell migration and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase regulation but does not cause a measurable defect in NF-kappa B activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20; 97(13):7272-7. PMID: 10852963.
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    195. Connolly JL, Rodgers SE, Clarke P, Ballard DW, Kerr LD, Tyler KL, Dermody TS. Reovirus-induced apoptosis requires activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. J Virol. 2000 Apr; 74(7):2981-9. PMID: 10708412.
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    196. Anderson CA, Sandberg E, Filley CM, Harris SL, Tyler KL. One and one-half syndrome with supranuclear facial weakness: magnetic resonance imaging localization. Arch Neurol. 1999 Dec; 56(12):1509-11. PMID: 10593308.
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    197. DeBiasi RL, Tyler KL. Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and management of central nervous system infections. Arch Neurol. 1999 Oct; 56(10):1215-9. PMID: 10520937.
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    198. Clifford DB, Yiannoutsos C, Glicksman M, Simpson DM, Singer EJ, Piliero PJ, Marra CM, Francis GS, McArthur JC, Tyler KL, Tselis AC, Hyslop NE. HAART improves prognosis in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 1999 Feb; 52(3):623-5. PMID: 10025799.
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    199. Tyler KL. Prions and prion diseases of the central nervous system. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1999; 19:226-51. PMID: 10472489.
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    200. Debiasi RL, Squier MK, Pike B, Wynes M, Dermody TS, Cohen JJ, Tyler KL. Reovirus-induced apoptosis is preceded by increased cellular calpain activity and is blocked by calpain inhibitors. J Virol. 1999 Jan; 73(1):695-701. PMID: 9847375.
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    201. Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Kuge T, Ogata N. Anti-diarrhoeal effects of seirogan in the rat small intestine and colon examined in vitro. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Jan; 13(1):97-102. PMID: 9892885.
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    202. Pelosi E, Rozenberg F, Coen DM, Tyler KL. A herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase mutation that specifically attenuates neurovirulence in mice. Virology. 1998 Dec 20; 252(2):364-72. PMID: 9878615.
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    203. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Mahalingam R, Shimek C, Marcoux HL, Wellish M, Tyler KL, Gilden DH. Profound cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and Froin's Syndrome secondary to widespread necrotizing vasculitis in an HIV-positive patient with varicella zoster virus encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci. 1998 Aug 14; 159(2):213-8. PMID: 9741410.
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    204. Fodor PA, Levin MJ, Weinberg A, Sandberg E, Sylman J, Tyler KL. Atypical herpes simplex virus encephalitis diagnosed by PCR amplification of viral DNA from CSF. Neurology. 1998 Aug; 51(2):554-9. PMID: 9710034.
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    205. Tyler KL. Serious methodological failures concerning presence of HSV DNA in surgical tissue from human epileptic seizure foci detected by PCR. Arch Neurol. 1998 Jul; 55(7):1031-2. PMID: 9678323.
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    206. Tyler KL, Sokol RJ, Oberhaus SM, Le M, Karrer FM, Narkewicz MR, Tyson RW, Murphy JR, Low R, Brown WR. Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts. Hepatology. 1998 Jun; 27(6):1475-82. PMID: 9620316.
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    207. Virgin HW, Dermody TS, Tyler KL. Cellular and humoral immunity to reovirus infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1998; 233(Pt 2):147-61. PMID: 9599936.
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    208. Oberhaus SM, Dermody TS, Tyler KL. Apoptosis and the cytopathic effects of reovirus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1998; 233(Pt 2):23-49. PMID: 9599930.
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    209. Tyler KL. Pathogenesis of reovirus infections of the central nervous system. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1998; 233(Pt 2):93-124. PMID: 9599934.
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    210. Oberhaus SM, Smith RL, Clayton GH, Dermody TS, Tyler KL. Reovirus infection and tissue injury in the mouse central nervous system are associated with apoptosis. J Virol. 1997 Mar; 71(3):2100-6. PMID: 9032342.
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    211. Rodgers SE, Barton ES, Oberhaus SM, Pike B, Gibson CA, Tyler KL, Dermody TS. Reovirus-induced apoptosis of MDCK cells is not linked to viral yield and is blocked by Bcl-2. J Virol. 1997 Mar; 71(3):2540-6. PMID: 9032397.
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    212. Tyler KL, Squier MK, Brown AL, Pike B, Willis D, Oberhaus SM, Dermody TS, Cohen JJ. Linkage between reovirus-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis: role of the S1 and M2 genes. J Virol. 1996 Nov; 70(11):7984-91. PMID: 8892922.
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    213. Tyler KL, Tedder DG, Yamamoto LJ, Klapper JA, Ashley R, Lichtenstein KA, Levin MJ. Recurrent brainstem encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology. 1995 Dec; 45(12):2246-50. PMID: 8848201.
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    214. Almond JW, Brown P, Gore SM, Hofman A, Wientjens PW, Ridley RM, Baker HF, Roberts GW, Tyler KL. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy: any connection? BMJ. 1995 Nov 25; 311(7017):1415-21. PMID: 8520279.
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    215. Tyler KL, Squier MK, Rodgers SE, Schneider BE, Oberhaus SM, Grdina TA, Cohen JJ, Dermody TS. Differences in the capacity of reovirus strains to induce apoptosis are determined by the viral attachment protein sigma 1. J Virol. 1995 Nov; 69(11):6972-9. PMID: 7474116.
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    216. Dermody TS, Chappell JD, Hofler JG, Kramp W, Tyler KL. Eradication of persistent reovirus infection from a B-cell hybridoma. Virology. 1995 Sep 10; 212(1):272-6. PMID: 7676645.
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    217. Cleary MA, Walter JH, Wraith JE, White F, Tyler K, Jenkins JP. Magnetic resonance imaging in phenylketonuria: reversal of cerebral white matter change. J Pediatr. 1995 Aug; 127(2):251-5. PMID: 7636650.
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    218. Paskavitz JF, Anderson CA, Filley CM, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. Acute arcuate fiber demyelinating encephalopathy following Epstein-Barr virus infection. Ann Neurol. 1995 Jul; 38(1):127-31. PMID: 7611716.
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    219. Tyler KL. Polymerase chain reaction and the diagnosis of viral central nervous system diseases. Ann Neurol. 1994 Dec; 36(6):809-11. PMID: 7998764.
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    220. Tyler KL, Sandberg E, Baum KF. Medical medullary syndrome and meningovascular syphilis: a case report in an HIV-infected man and a review of the literature. Neurology. 1994 Dec; 44(12):2231-5. PMID: 7991103.
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    221. Virgin HW, Mann MA, Tyler KL. Protective antibodies inhibit reovirus internalization and uncoating by intracellular proteases. J Virol. 1994 Oct; 68(10):6719-29. PMID: 8084004.
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    222. Tedder DG, Ashley R, Tyler KL, Levin MJ. Herpes simplex virus infection as a cause of benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Sep 01; 121(5):334-8. PMID: 8042822.
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    223. Sherry B, Li XY, Tyler KL, Cullen JM, Virgin HW. Lymphocytes protect against and are not required for reovirus-induced myocarditis. J Virol. 1993 Oct; 67(10):6119-24. PMID: 8396673.
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    224. Tyler KL, Mann MA, Fields BN, Virgin HW. Protective anti-reovirus monoclonal antibodies and their effects on viral pathogenesis. J Virol. 1993 Jun; 67(6):3446-53. PMID: 8388508.
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    225. Ravilochan K, Tyler KL. Human transmissible neurodegenerative diseases (prion diseases). Semin Neurol. 1992 Sep; 12(3):178-92. PMID: 1455105.
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    226. Virgin HW, Mann MA, Fields BN, Tyler KL. Monoclonal antibodies to reovirus reveal structure/function relationships between capsid proteins and genetics of susceptibility to antibody action. J Virol. 1991 Dec; 65(12):6772-81. PMID: 1719233.
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    227. Virgin HW, Tyler KL. Role of immune cells in protection against and control of reovirus infection in neonatal mice. J Virol. 1991 Oct; 65(10):5157-64. PMID: 1654436.
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    228. Bia MJ, Tyler K. Evidence that calcium channel blockade prevents cyclosporine-induced exacerbation of renal ischemic injury. Transplantation. 1991 Feb; 51(2):293-5. PMID: 1847248.
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    229. Sacks SL, Wanklin RJ, Reece DE, Hicks KA, Tyler KL, Coen DM. Progressive esophagitis from acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex. Clinical roles for DNA polymerase mutants and viral heterogeneity? Ann Intern Med. 1989 Dec 01; 111(11):893-9. PMID: 2554768.
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    230. Tyler KL, Virgin HW, Bassel-Duby R, Fields BN. Antibody inhibits defined stages in the pathogenesis of reovirus serotype 3 infection of the central nervous system. J Exp Med. 1989 Sep 01; 170(3):887-900. PMID: 2549167.
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    231. Coen DM, Kosz-Vnenchak M, Jacobson JG, Leib DA, Bogard CL, Schaffer PA, Tyler KL, Knipe DM. Thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus mutants establish latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia but do not reactivate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun; 86(12):4736-40. PMID: 2543985.
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    232. Leib DA, Coen DM, Bogard CL, Hicks KA, Yager DR, Knipe DM, Tyler KL, Schaffer PA. Immediate-early regulatory gene mutants define different stages in the establishment and reactivation of herpes simplex virus latency. J Virol. 1989 Feb; 63(2):759-68. PMID: 2536101.
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    233. Virgin HW, Bassel-Duby R, Fields BN, Tyler KL. Antibody protects against lethal infection with the neurally spreading reovirus type 3 (Dearing). J Virol. 1988 Dec; 62(12):4594-604. PMID: 2460637.
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    234. Lipkin WI, Tyler KL, Waksman BH. Viruses, the immune system and central nervous system diseases. Trends Neurosci. 1988 Feb; 11(2):43-5. PMID: 2465596.
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    235. Gonzalez-Scarano F, Tyler KL. Molecular pathogenesis of neurotropic viral infections. Ann Neurol. 1987 Nov; 22(5):565-74. PMID: 3322182.
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    236. Tyler KL, McPhee DA. Molecular and genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of viral infections of the central nervous system. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1987; 3(3):221-43. PMID: 3315238.
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    237. Bassel-Duby R, Spriggs DR, Tyler KL, Fields BN. Identification of attenuating mutations on the reovirus type 3 S1 double-stranded RNA segment with a rapid sequencing technique. J Virol. 1986 Oct; 60(1):64-7. PMID: 3528529.
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    238. Tyler KL, McPhee DA, Fields BN. Distinct pathways of viral spread in the host determined by reovirus S1 gene segment. Science. 1986 Aug 15; 233(4765):770-4. PMID: 3016895.
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    239. Kaye KM, Spriggs DR, Bassel-Duby R, Fields BN, Tyler KL. Genetic basis for altered pathogenesis of an immune-selected antigenic variant of reovirus type 3 (Dearing). J Virol. 1986 Jul; 59(1):90-7. PMID: 3012122.
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    240. Tyler KL, Gross RA, Cascino GD. Unusual viral causes of transverse myelitis: hepatitis A virus and cytomegalovirus. Neurology. 1986 Jun; 36(6):855-8. PMID: 3010183.
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    241. Tyler KL, Tyler HR. The secret life of James Parkinson (1755-1824): the writings of Old Hubert. Neurology. 1986 Feb; 36(2):222-4. PMID: 3511403.
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    242. Tyler KL. Lawrence Chester McHenry, Jr, MD (1929-1985). Arch Neurol. 1985 Dec; 42(12):1202-3. PMID: 3904680.
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    243. Tyler KL, Bronson RT, Byers KB, Fields B. Molecular basis of viral neurotropism: experimental reovirus infection. Neurology. 1985 Jan; 35(1):88-92. PMID: 2981418.
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    244. Tyler HR, Tyler KL. Charles Edouard Brown-S?quard: professor of physiology and pathology of the nervous system at Harvard Medical School. Neurology. 1984 Sep; 34(9):1231-6. PMID: 6379508.
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    245. Tyler KL, McHenry LC. Fragments of neurological history. The knee jerk and other tendon reflexes. Neurology. 1983 May; 33(5):609-10. PMID: 6341874.
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    246. Tyler KL. Classics in neurology. Fragments of neurologic history: "Tetanoid Chorea" and progressive lenticular degeneration. Neurology. 1983 Apr; 33(4):461-2. PMID: 6339984.
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    247. Tyler KL, McHenry LC. Classics in neurology. Fragments of neurologic history: pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy and Gowers' sign. Neurology. 1983 Jan; 33(1):88-9. PMID: 6336831.
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    248. Tyler KL, Adler D. Twenty-eight years of benign recurring Mollaret meningitis. Arch Neurol. 1983 Jan; 40(1):42-3. PMID: 6848089.
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