 Helplessness, Learned
"Helplessness, Learned" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Learned expectation that one's responses are independent of reward and, hence, do not predict or control the occurrence of rewards. Learned helplessness derives from a history, experimentally induced or naturally occurring, of having received punishment/aversive stimulation regardless of responses made. Such circumstances result in an impaired ability to learn. Used for human or animal populations. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
| Descriptor ID |
D006380
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| MeSH Number(s) |
F01.393.398 F02.463.425.420
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| Concept/Terms |
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Helplessness, Learned".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Helplessness, Learned".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Helplessness, Learned" by people in this website by year, and whether "Helplessness, Learned" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 1995 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 1997 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 1998 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1999 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2002 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2003 | 3 | 0 | 3 | | 2005 | 4 | 0 | 4 | | 2006 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 2007 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2008 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2009 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 2010 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2011 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 2012 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2013 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 2015 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2016 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2019 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2022 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2025 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Helplessness, Learned" by people in Profiles.
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Barrientos RM, Baratta MV, Frank MG. Dr. Steven F. Maier: A fearless scientist, a rigorous mentor, and a legacy of excellence. Brain Behav Immun. 2025 Aug; 128:303-304.
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Fassett-Carman AN, Smolker H, Hankin BL, Snyder HR, Banich MT. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Perceived Stress Controllability in Adolescents and Emerging Adults. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2022 08; 22(4):655-671.
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Storace A, Daniels S, Zhou Y, Kalisch B, Parker L, Rock E, Limebeer C, Lapointe T, Leri F. A study of limbic brain derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in male Sprague-Dawley rats trained on a learned helplessness task. Behav Brain Res. 2019 12 30; 376:112174.
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Mika A, Day HE, Martinez A, Rumian NL, Greenwood BN, Chichlowski M, Berg BM, Fleshner M. Early life diets with prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions attenuate the impact of stress on learned helplessness behaviours and alter gene expression within neural circuits important for stress resistance. Eur J Neurosci. 2017 02; 45(3):342-357.
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Maier SF, Seligman ME. Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. Psychol Rev. 2016 07; 123(4):349-67.
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Clark PJ, Amat J, McConnell SO, Ghasem PR, Greenwood BN, Maier SF, Fleshner M. Running Reduces Uncontrollable Stress-Evoked Serotonin and Potentiates Stress-Evoked Dopamine Concentrations in the Rat Dorsal Striatum. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11):e0141898.
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Christianson JP, Greenwood BN. Stress-protective neural circuits: not all roads lead through the prefrontal cortex. Stress. 2014 Jan; 17(1):1-12.
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Peterson K. Learned resourcefulness, danger in intimate partner relationships, and mental health symptoms of depression and PTSD in abused women. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2013 Jun; 34(6):386-94.
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Thompson RS, Christianson JP, Maslanik TM, Maier SF, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Effects of stressor controllability on diurnal physiological rhythms. Physiol Behav. 2013 Mar 15; 112-113:32-9.
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Kubala KH, Christianson JP, Kaufman RD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Short- and long-term consequences of stressor controllability in adolescent rats. Behav Brain Res. 2012 Oct 01; 234(2):278-84.
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