 Intellectual Disability
"Intellectual Disability" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
| Descriptor ID |
D008607
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| MeSH Number(s) |
C10.597.606.643 C23.888.592.604.646 F01.700.687 F03.625.539
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| Concept/Terms |
Intellectual Disability- Intellectual Disability
- Disabilities, Intellectual
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Retardation, Mental
- Mental Retardation
- Disability, Intellectual
- Intellectual Development Disorder
- Development Disorder, Intellectual
- Development Disorders, Intellectual
- Disorder, Intellectual Development
- Disorders, Intellectual Development
- Intellectual Development Disorders
Mental Retardation, Psychosocial- Mental Retardation, Psychosocial
- Mental Retardations, Psychosocial
- Psychosocial Mental Retardation
- Psychosocial Mental Retardations
- Retardation, Psychosocial Mental
- Retardations, Psychosocial Mental
Deficiency, Mental- Deficiency, Mental
- Deficiencies, Mental
- Mental Deficiencies
- Mental Deficiency
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Intellectual Disability".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Intellectual Disability".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Intellectual Disability" by people in this website by year, and whether "Intellectual Disability" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
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| 1997 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1998 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2000 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2001 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2005 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2006 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2007 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2008 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2009 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2010 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 2012 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 2013 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2014 | 3 | 0 | 3 | | 2015 | 3 | 0 | 3 | | 2016 | 3 | 2 | 5 | | 2017 | 4 | 4 | 8 | | 2018 | 4 | 6 | 10 | | 2019 | 5 | 5 | 10 | | 2020 | 7 | 2 | 9 | | 2021 | 12 | 4 | 16 | | 2022 | 9 | 0 | 9 | | 2023 | 22 | 1 | 23 | | 2024 | 6 | 7 | 13 | | 2025 | 5 | 5 | 10 | | 2026 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Intellectual Disability" by people in Profiles.
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Galassi Deforie V, Maroofian R, Karagoz I, Godwin A, Al Sheikh E, Gestri G, Zaki MS, Woodward BL, Ghorab RM, Alvi JR, Alabdi L, Damseh N, Elshafie RM, Scardamaglia A, Alves C, Shaikh M, Özcan GG, Sadek AA, Issa MY, Striano P, Suri M, Murphy D, Ashhab M, de la Fuente RP, Arteche-López A, Hashem MO, Abdulwahab F, Aboelanine AH, Alkhawaja IA, Ibrahim S, van der Burg M, Berghuis D, Santen GW, Toosi MB, Alerasool M, Eslahi A, Srinivasan VM, Gowda VK, Trollmann R, Vasileiou G, Pauly M, Hashemi-Gorji F, Miryounesi M, Salpietro V, Al-Herz W, Carter SP, Briggs TA, Hussell T, Ruuska-Loewald T, Komulainen-Ebrahim J, Uusimaa J, Hautala T, Potluri S, Shackley F, Mojarrad M, Chung WK, Wilson SW, Sultan T, Gleeson JG, Marafi D, Alkuraya FS, Stewart GS, Efthymiou S, Guille M, Arkwright PD, Houlden H. Recessive loss of DIAPH1 function causes a progressive neurodevelopmental syndrome with variable immunological involvement. Genet Med. 2026 May; 28(5):102551.
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Dam R, Manktelow N, Bradshaw J, Thompson PA, Gore N, Cooper V, Grant G, Gillespie D, Schroeder EA, Langdon PE, Liew A, Lovell M, Petrou S, Richards C, Hastings RP, Seers K. Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2026 Mar; 39(2):e70203.
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Haanpää MK, Haldeman-Englert CR, Hietala M, Tanverdi MS, Koty PP, Brightman D, Dosunmu E, Tibrewal S, Kaur S, Kaur A, Verma RK, de Alba Campomanes AG, Utz V, Slavotinek AM, Curry C. Nance-Horan Syndrome: Further Delineation of the Affected Male and the Female Carrier Phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A. 2026 03; 200(3):642-652.
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Asadollahi R, Ahmad A, Boonsawat P, Shahanoor Hinzen J, Lohse M, Bouazza-Arostegui B, Sun S, Utesch T, Sommer JD, Ilic D, Padmanarayana M, Fischermanns K, Ranjan M, Boll M, Ka C, Piton A, Mattioli F, Isidor B, Õunap K, Reinson K, Wojcik MH, Marshall CR, Mercimek-Andrews S, Matsumoto N, Miyake N, Stephan BO, Honjo RS, Bertola DR, Kim CA, Yusupov R, Mefford HC, Christodoulou J, Lee J, Heath O, Brown NJ, Baker N, Stark Z, Delatycki M, Lake NJ, Zeidler S, Zuurbier L, Maas SM, de Kruiff CC, Rajabi F, Rodan LH, Coury SA, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Abou Jamra R, Beblo S, Maxton C, Smigiel R, Underhill H, Dubbs H, Rosen A, Helbig KL, Helbig I, Ruggiero SM, Fitzgerald MP, Kraemer D, Prada CE, Tenney J, Jayakar P, Redon S, Lefranc J, Uguen K, Race S, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Coppens S, Deconinck N, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P, Gowda K VR, Eghbal F, Ghayoor Karimiani E, Heidari M, Neidhardt J, Owczarek-Lipska M, Korenke GC, Bamshad MJ, Campeau PM, Lehman A, Hendon LG, Wentzensen IM, Monaghan KG, Chen Y, Szuto A, Cohn RD, Au PYB, Hübner C, Boschann F, Manickam K, Koboldt DC, Rad A, Oprea G, Bachman KK, Seeley AH, Agolini E, Terracciano A, Carmelo P, Bupp C, Grysko B, Rein-Rothschild A, Ben Zeev B, Margolin A, Morrison J, Dagli A, Stolerman E, Louie RJ, Washington C, Stevens SJC, Heijligers M, Alkuraya FS, Lisfeld J, Neu A, Paoli Monteiro F, Santos Pessoa AL, Camelo-Filho AE, Kok F, Koeberl D, Riley K, Burglen L, Doummar D, Héron B, Mignot C, Keren B, Charles P, Nava C, Bernhard FP, Kühn AA, Thoms S, Morrie RD, Mekhoubad S, Green EM, Barmada SJ, Gitler AD, Jahn O, Rhee JS, Rosenmund C, Mitkovski M, Sticht H, Sun H, Le Gac G, Taschenberger H, Brose N, Dittman JS, Rauch A, Lipstein N. Pathogenic UNC13A variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome by impairing synaptic function. Nat Genet. 2025 Nov; 57(11):2691-2704.
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Hayeems RZ, Ungar WJ, Marshall CR, Gillespie MK, Szuto A, Huang L, Venkataramanan V, Xiao B, Chisholm C, Stavropoulos DJ, Bergeron MB, Lee W, Costain G, Jobling R, Sawyer S, Price EM, Lau L, Mendoza R, Somerville MJ, Boycott KM. Comparing the performance of exome and genome sequencing for rare disease diagnostics: A randomized implementation effectiveness trial. Genet Med. 2026 Jan; 28(1):101605.
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Glenn E, Meyer A, Blakeley-Smith A. Anxiety Self-Report in Autistic Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: Predictors of Parent-Youth Agreement. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2025 Jul 01; 130(4):323-336.
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Cuillerier A, Goodman A, Lawrence C, Villeneuve-Cloutier N, Armour CM, Bhola PT, Bourque DK, Carter MT, Lazier J, Sawyer SL, Saleh M, Prasad C, Siu VM, Boycott KM, Hartley T, Dyment DA, Balci TB. Diagnostic Utility of Exome Data Reanalysis After In Silico Multi-Gene Panels or Clinical Exome Testing for Patients With Epilepsy and Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Genet. 2026 Jan; 109(1):40-49.
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Aughey GN, Cali E, Maroofian R, Zaki MS, Pagnamenta AT, Ali Z, Abdulllah U, Rahman F, Menzies L, Shafique A, Suri M, Roze E, Aguennouz M, Ghizlane Z, Saadi SM, Fatima A, Cheema HA, Anjum MN, Morel G, Robin S, McFarland R, Altunoglu U, Kraus V, Shoukier M, Murphy D, Flemming K, Yttervik H, Rhouda H, Lesca G, Chatron N, Rossi M, Murtaza BN, Ur Rehman M, Lord J, Giacopuzzi E, Hayat A, Siraj M, Shervin Badv R, Seo GH, Beetz C, Kayserili H, Krioulie Y, Chung WK, Naz S, Maqbool S, Chandler KE, Kershaw CJ, Wright T, Banka S, Gleeson JG, Taylor JC, Efthymiou S, Baig SM, Severino M, Jepson JEC, Houlden H. Clinical and genetic characterization of a progressive RBL2-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Brain. 2025 Apr 03; 148(4):1194-1211.
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Guillouet C, Agostini V, Baujat G, Cocciadiferro D, Pippucci T, Lesieur-Sebellin M, Georget M, Schatz U, Fauth C, Louie RJ, Rogers C, Davis JM, Konstantopoulou V, Mayr JA, Bouman A, Wilke M, VanNoy GE, England EM, Park KL, Brown K, Saenz M, Novelli A, Digilio MC, Mastromoro G, Rongioletti MCA, Piacentini G, Kaiyrzhanov R, Guliyeva S, Hasanova L, Shears D, Bhatnagar I, Stals K, Klaas O, Horvath J, Bouvagnet P, Witmer PD, MacCarrick G, Cisarova K, Good JM, Gorokhova S, Boute O, Smol T, Bruel AL, Patat O, Broadbent JR, Tan TY, Tan NB, Lyonnet S, Busa T, Graziano C, Amiel J, Gordon CT. Bi-allelic MED16 variants cause a MEDopathy with intellectual disability, motor delay, and craniofacial, cardiac, and limb malformations. Am J Hum Genet. 2025 Apr 03; 112(4):829-845.
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Yu AP, Suarez-Balcazar Y, Errisuriz VL, Parra-Medina D, Mirza M, Zhang M, Lee PC, Zeng W, Brown-Hollie JP, Yespica Mendoza E, Brown S, Vanegas SB, Heydarian NM, Magaña S. PODER Familiar: A Culturally Tailored Health Intervention for Latino Families of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2025 Mar; 38(2):e70048.
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