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Keith Belk

TitleAffiliate
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentCSPH-Epidemiology General Ops
Phone970/491-5826

    Collapse Bibliographic 
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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Gonzalez SV, Nair MN, Belk KE, Geornaras I. Efficacy of Antimicrobial Spray Treatments in Reducing Salmonella enterica Populations on Chilled Pork. J Food Prot. 2023 04; 86(4):100068. PMID: 36940659.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Doster E, Pinnell LJ, Noyes NR, Parker JK, Anderson CA, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, McAllister TA, Gow SP, Belk KE, Morley PS. Evaluating the effects of antimicrobial drug use on the ecology of antimicrobial resistance and microbial community structure in beef feedlot cattle. Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:970358. PMID: 36583056.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Pinnell LJ, Kuiper G, Huebner KL, Doster E, Parker JK, Alekozai N, Powers JG, Wallen RL, Belk KE, Morley PS. More than an anthropogenic phenomenon: Antimicrobial resistance in ungulates from natural and agricultural environments. Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 01; 858(Pt 1):159789. PMID: 36309273.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Belk AD, Frazier AN, Fuerniss LK, Delmore R, Belk K, Borlee B, Geornaras I, Martin JN, Metcalf JL. A Pilot Study: the Development of a Facility-Associated Microbiome and Its Association with the Presence of Listeria Spp. in One Small Meat Processing Facility. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 10 26; 10(5):e0204522. PMID: 35980043.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Pinnell LJ, Reyes AA, Wolfe CA, Weinroth MD, Metcalf JL, Delmore RJ, Belk KE, Morley PS, Engle TE. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes Drive Differing Microbial Diversity and Community Composition Among Micro-Environments in the Bovine Rumen. Front Vet Sci. 2022; 9:897996. PMID: 35664853.
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    6. Pinnell LJ, Whitlow CW, Huebner KL, Bryant TC, Martin J, Belk KE, Morley PS. Not All Liver Abscesses Are Created Equal: The Impact of Tylosin and Antibiotic Alternatives on Bovine Liver Abscess Microbial Communities and a First Look at Bacteroidetes-Dominated Communities. Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:882419. PMID: 35572696.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Weinroth MD, Thomas KM, Doster E, Vikram A, Schmidt JW, Arthur TM, Wheeler TL, Parker JK, Hanes AS, Alekoza N, Wolfe C, Metcalf JL, Morley PS, Belk KE. Resistomes and microbiome of meat trimmings and colon content from culled cows raised in conventional and organic production systems. Anim Microbiome. 2022 Mar 10; 4(1):21. PMID: 35272712.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Schmidt JW, Vikram A, Doster E, Thomas K, Weinroth MD, Parker J, Hanes A, Geornaras I, Morley PS, Belk KE, Wheeler TL, Arthur TM. Antimicrobial Resistance in U.S. Retail Ground Beef with and without Label Claims Regarding Antibiotic Use. J Food Prot. 2021 May 01; 84(5):827-842. PMID: 33302298.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Gonzalez SV, Geornaras I, Nair MN, Belk KE. Evaluation of Immersion and Spray Applications of Antimicrobial Treatments for Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni on Chicken Wings. Foods. 2021 Apr 20; 10(4). PMID: 33924021.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Jia M, Geornaras I, Martin JN, Belk KE, Yang H. Comparative Whole Genome Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates From Feedlot Cattle to Identify Genotypes Associated With the Presence and Absence of stx Genes. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:647434. PMID: 33868205.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Schelkopf CS, Rice EA, Swenson JK, Hess AM, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Nair MN. Nix Pro Color Sensor provides comparable color measurements to HunterLab colorimeter for fresh beef. J Food Sci Technol. 2021 Sep; 58(9):3661-3665. PMID: 34366483.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Belk AD, Duarte T, Quinn C, Coil DA, Belk KE, Eisen JA, Quinn JC, Martin JN, Yang X, Metcalf JL. Air versus Water Chilling of Chicken: a Pilot Study of Quality, Shelf-Life, Microbial Ecology, and Economics. mSystems. 2021 Mar 02; 6(2). PMID: 33653941.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Davis HE, Geornaras I, Lindstrom V, Chaparro JM, Nair MN, Delmore RJ, Engle TE, Belk KE, Prenni JE. Effects of differing withdrawal times from ractopamine hydrochloride on residue concentrations of beef muscle, adipose tissue, rendered tallow, and large intestine. PLoS One. 2020; 15(12):e0242673. PMID: 33264353.
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    14. Schmidt JW, Vikram A, Arthur TM, Belk KE, Morley PS, Weinroth MD, Wheeler TL. Antimicrobial Resistance at Two U.S. Cull Cow Processing Establishments. J Food Prot. 2020 Dec 01; 83(12):2216-2228. PMID: 32730612.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Doster E, Thomas KM, Weinroth MD, Parker JK, Crone KK, Arthur TM, Schmidt JW, Wheeler TL, Belk KE, Morley PS. Metagenomic Characterization of the Microbiome and Resistome of Retail Ground Beef Products. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:541972. PMID: 33240224.
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    16. Costard S, Pouzou JG, Belk KE, Morley PS, Schmidt JW, Wheeler TL, Arthur TM, Zagmutt FJ. No Change in Risk for Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonellosis from Beef, United States, 2002-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 09; 26(9):2108-2117. PMID: 32818395.
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    17. Zhai C, Djimsa BA, Brown K, Prenni JE, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Nair MN. Tandem mass tagged dataset used to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period. Data Brief. 2020 Oct; 32:106064. PMID: 32775575.
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    18. Taylor DD, Martin JN, Morley PS, Belk KE, White AE, Scallan Walter EJ. Survey of production animal veterinarians' prescription practices, factors influencing antimicrobial drug use, and perceptions of and attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020 Jul 01; 257(1):87-96. PMID: 32538697.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Zhai C, Djimsa BA, Prenni JE, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Nair MN. Tandem mass tag labeling to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period. J Proteomics. 2020 06 30; 222:103794. PMID: 32330628.
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    20. Doster E, Lakin SM, Dean CJ, Wolfe C, Young JG, Boucher C, Belk KE, Noyes NR, Morley PS. MEGARes 2.0: a database for classification of antimicrobial drug, biocide and metal resistance determinants in metagenomic sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 01 08; 48(D1):D561-D569. PMID: 31722416.
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    21. O'Connor LE, Gifford CL, Woerner DR, Sharp JL, Belk KE, Campbell WW. Dietary Meat Categories and Descriptions in Chronic Disease Research Are Substantively Different within and between Experimental and Observational Studies: A Systematic Review and Landscape Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2020 01 01; 11(1):41-51. PMID: 31408089.
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    22. Zhai C, Peckham K, Belk KE, Ramanathan R, Nair MN. Carbon Chain Length of Lipid Oxidation Products Influence Lactate Dehydrogenase and NADH-Dependent Metmyoglobin Reductase Activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Dec 04; 67(48):13327-13332. PMID: 31715101.
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    23. Weinroth MD, Martin JN, Doster E, Geornaras I, Parker JK, Carlson CR, Metcalf JL, Morley PS, Belk KE. Investigation of tylosin in feed of feedlot cattle and effects on liver abscess prevalence, and fecal and soil microbiomes and resistomes1. J Anim Sci. 2019 Nov 04; 97(11):4567-4578. PMID: 31563955.
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    24. Doster E, Rovira P, Noyes NR, Burgess BA, Yang X, Weinroth MD, Linke L, Magnuson R, Boucher C, Belk KE, Morley PS. A Cautionary Report for Pathogen Identification Using Shotgun Metagenomics; A Comparison to Aerobic Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Salmonella enterica Identification. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:2499. PMID: 31736924.
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    25. Davis HE, Badger CD, Brophy P, Geornaras I, Burnett TJ, Scanga J, Belk K, Prenni J. Quantification of ractopamine residues on and in beef digestive tract tissues. J Anim Sci. 2019 Oct 03; 97(10):4193-4198. PMID: 31410462.
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    26. Rovira P, McAllister T, Lakin SM, Cook SR, Doster E, Noyes NR, Weinroth MD, Yang X, Parker JK, Boucher C, Booker CW, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Morley PS. Characterization of the Microbial Resistome in Conventional and "Raised Without Antibiotics" Beef and Dairy Production Systems. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:1980. PMID: 31555225.
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    27. Lakin SM, Kuhnle A, Alipanahi B, Noyes NR, Dean C, Muggli M, Raymond R, Abdo Z, Prosperi M, Belk KE, Morley PS, Boucher C. Hierarchical Hidden Markov models enable accurate and diverse detection of antimicrobial resistance sequences. Commun Biol. 2019; 2:294. PMID: 31396574.
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    28. Weinroth MD, Britton BC, McCullough KR, Martin JN, Geornaras I, Knight R, Belk KE, Metcalf JL. Ground beef microbiome changes with antimicrobial decontamination interventions and product storage. PLoS One. 2019; 14(6):e0217947. PMID: 31166992.
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    29. Gredell DA, Schroeder AR, Belk KE, Broeckling CD, Heuberger AL, Kim SY, King DA, Shackelford SD, Sharp JL, Wheeler TL, Woerner DR, Prenni JE. Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Modeling of Beef Attributes Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) Data. Sci Rep. 2019 04 05; 9(1):5721. PMID: 30952873.
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    30. Huebner KL, Martin JN, Weissend CJ, Holzer KL, Parker JK, Lakin SM, Doster E, Weinroth MD, Abdo Z, Woerner DR, Metcalf JL, Geornaras I, Bryant TC, Morley PS, Belk KE. Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on liver abscesses, fecal microbiome, and resistome in feedlot cattle raised without antibiotics. Sci Rep. 2019 02 22; 9(1):2559. PMID: 30796295.
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    31. Sexton TY, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Bunning M, Martin JN. Salmonella Contamination in Broiler Synovial Fluid: Are We Missing a Potential Reservoir? J Food Prot. 2018 09; 81(9):1425-1431. PMID: 30067383.
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    32. Weinroth MD, Belk AD, Belk KE. History, development, and current status of food safety systems worldwide. Anim Front. 2018 Oct; 8(4):9-15. PMID: 32002225.
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    33. Kiel RC, Martin JN, Woerner DR, Murphy R, Geornaras I, Levey JR, Yang H, Delmore RJ, Belk KE. Influence of Storage Temperature, Moisture Content, and Physical Impurities on the Distribution and Survival of Salmonella enterica in Poultry Fat Intended for Pet Food Use. J Food Prot. 2018 08; 81(8):1364-1372. PMID: 30015507.
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    34. Doster E, Rovira P, Noyes NR, Burgess BA, Yang X, Weinroth MD, Lakin SM, Dean CJ, Linke L, Magnuson R, Jones KI, Boucher C, Ruiz J, Belk KE, Morley PS. Investigating Effects of Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis on the Fecal Resistome and Microbiome of Commercial Feedlot Cattle Early in the Feeding Period. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9:1715. PMID: 30105011.
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    35. Woerner DR, Geornaras I, Martin JN, Belk KE, Acuff GR, Dickson JS. Use of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Surrogates as Predictors of the Survival of Nontyphoidal Salmonella, non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli O157 Populations after High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing. J Food Prot. 2018 07; 81(7):1068-1072. PMID: 29893583.
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    36. Weinroth MD, Scott HM, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Noyes NR, Rovira P, Doster E, Yang X, Woerner DR, Morley PS, Belk KE. Effects of Ceftiofur and Chlortetracycline on the Resistomes of Feedlot Cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018 07 01; 84(13). PMID: 29728379.
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    37. Davis HE, Belk KE. Managing meat exports considering production technology challenges. Anim Front. 2018 Jul; 8(3):23-29. PMID: 32002220.
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    38. Weinroth MD, Britton BC, Belk KE. Genetics and microbiology of meat. Meat Sci. 2018 Oct; 144:15-21. PMID: 29735357.
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    39. Zaheer R, Noyes N, Ortega Polo R, Cook SR, Marinier E, Van Domselaar G, Belk KE, Morley PS, McAllister TA. Impact of sequencing depth on the characterization of the microbiome and resistome. Sci Rep. 2018 04 12; 8(1):5890. PMID: 29651035.
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    40. Harris MK, Eastwood LC, Boykin CA, Arnold AN, Gehring KB, Hale DS, Kerth CR, Griffin DB, Savell JW, Belk KE, Woerner DR, Hasty JD, Delmore RJ, Martin JN, Lawrence TE, McEvers TJ, VanOverbeke DL, Mafi GG, Pfeiffer MM, Schmidt TB, Maddock RJ, Johnson DD, Carr CC, Scheffler JM, Pringle TD, Stelzleni AM. National Beef Quality Audit-2016: assessment of cattle hide characteristics, offal condemnations, and carcass traits to determine the quality status of the market cow and bull beef industry. Transl Anim Sci. 2018 Feb; 2(1):37-49. PMID: 32704688.
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    41. Scott-Bullard BR, Geornaras I, Delmore RJ, Woerner DR, Reagan JO, Morgan JB, Belk KE. Efficacy of a Blend of Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Sulfate against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Biotype I on Inoculated Prerigor Beef Surface Tissue. J Food Prot. 2017 Dec; 80(12):1987-1992. PMID: 29130764.
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    42. Vikram A, Rovira P, Agga GE, Arthur TM, Bosilevac JM, Wheeler TL, Morley PS, Belk KE, Schmidt JW. Impact of "Raised without Antibiotics" Beef Cattle Production Practices on Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Nov 15; 83(22). PMID: 28887421.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Noyes NR, Weinroth ME, Parker JK, Dean CJ, Lakin SM, Raymond RA, Rovira P, Doster E, Abdo Z, Martin JN, Jones KL, Ruiz J, Boucher CA, Belk KE, Morley PS. Enrichment allows identification of diverse, rare elements in metagenomic resistome-virulome sequencing. Microbiome. 2017 10 17; 5(1):142. PMID: 29041965.
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    44. Muggli MD, Bowe A, Noyes NR, Morley PS, Belk KE, Raymond R, Gagie T, Puglisi SJ, Boucher C. Succinct colored de Bruijn graphs. Bioinformatics. 2017 Oct 15; 33(20):3181-3187. PMID: 28200001.
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    45. Gifford CL, O'Connor LE, Campbell WW, Woerner DR, Belk KE. Broad and Inconsistent Muscle Food Classification Is Problematic for Dietary Guidance in the U.S. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 16; 9(9). PMID: 28926963.
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    46. Owen JR, Noyes N, Young AE, Prince DJ, Blanchard PC, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS, Davis JH, O'Rourke SM, Abdo Z, Belk K, Miller MR, Morley P, Van Eenennaam AL. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Concordance Between Antimicrobial Susceptibility Genotypes and Phenotypes of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease. G3 (Bethesda). 2017 09 07; 7(9):3059-3071. PMID: 28739600.
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    47. McNeill SH, Cifelli AM, Roseland JM, Belk KE, Woerner DR, Gehring KB, Savell JW, Brooks JC, Thompson LD. A Research Communication Brief: Gluten Analysis in Beef Samples Collected Using a Rigorous, Nationally Representative Sampling Protocol Confirms That Grain-Finished Beef Is Naturally Gluten-Free. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 25; 9(9). PMID: 28841165.
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    48. Yang X, Bullard BR, Geornaras I, Hu S, Woerner DR, Delmore RJ, Morgan JB, Belk KE. Comparison of the Efficacy of a Sulfuric Acid-Sodium Sulfate Blend and Lactic Acid for the Reduction of Salmonella on Prerigor Beef Carcass Surface Tissue. J Food Prot. 2017 May 01; 80(5):809-813. PMID: 28371589.
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    49. Lakin SM, Dean C, Noyes NR, Dettenwanger A, Ross AS, Doster E, Rovira P, Abdo Z, Jones KL, Ruiz J, Belk KE, Morley PS, Boucher C. MEGARes: an antimicrobial resistance database for high throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 01 04; 45(D1):D574-D580. PMID: 27899569.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Noyes NR, Yang X, Linke LM, Magnuson RJ, Cook SR, Zaheer R, Yang H, Woerner DR, Geornaras I, McArt JA, Gow SP, Ruiz J, Jones KL, Boucher CA, McAllister TA, Belk KE, Morley PS. Characterization of the resistome in manure, soil and wastewater from dairy and beef production systems. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 20; 6:24645. PMID: 27095377.
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    51. Yang X, Noyes NR, Doster E, Martin JN, Linke LM, Magnuson RJ, Yang H, Geornaras I, Woerner DR, Jones KL, Ruiz J, Boucher C, Morley PS, Belk KE. Use of Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing Technology To Detect Foodborne Pathogens within the Microbiome of the Beef Production Chain. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Apr; 82(8):2433-2443. PMID: 26873315.
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    52. Noyes NR, Yang X, Linke LM, Magnuson RJ, Dettenwanger A, Cook S, Geornaras I, Woerner DE, Gow SP, McAllister TA, Yang H, Ruiz J, Jones KL, Boucher CA, Morley PS, Belk KE. Resistome diversity in cattle and the environment decreases during beef production. Elife. 2016 Mar 08; 5:e13195. PMID: 26952213.
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    53. Yang H, Carlson B, Geornaras I, Woerner D, Sofos J, Belk K. Draft Genome Sequence of Shiga Toxin-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain C1-057, Isolated from Feedlot Cattle. Genome Announc. 2016 Mar 03; 4(2). PMID: 26941140.
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    54. Scott BR, Yang X, Geornaras I, Delmore RJ, Woerner DR, Adler JM, Belk KE. Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Lactic Acid and Citric Acid Blend against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Biotype I on Inoculated Prerigor Beef Carcass Surface Tissue. J Food Prot. 2015 Dec; 78(12):2136-42. PMID: 26613907.
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    55. Scott BR, Yang X, Geornaras I, Delmore RJ, Woerner DR, Reagan JO, Morgan JB, Belk KE. Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Sulfate Blend, Peroxyacetic Acid, and Cetylpyridinium Chloride against Salmonella on Inoculated Chicken Wings. J Food Prot. 2015 Nov; 78(11):1967-72. PMID: 26555519.
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    56. Moschonas G, Geornaras I, Stopforth JD, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effect of Product Dimensions and Surface Browning Method on Salmonella Contamination in Frozen, Surface-Browned, Breaded Chicken Products Treated with Antimicrobials. J Food Sci. 2015 Dec; 80(12):M2815-21. PMID: 26495824.
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    57. Huerta-Leidenz N, Ru?z-Flores A, Maldonado-Siman E, Vald?z A, Belk KE. Survey of Mexican retail stores for US beef product. Meat Sci. 2014 Feb; 96(2 Pt A):729-36. PMID: 24200564.
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    58. Yoon Y, Geornaras I, Mukherjee A, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effects of cooking methods and chemical tenderizers on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties. Meat Sci. 2013 Oct; 95(2):317-22. PMID: 23747624.
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    59. Geornaras I, Yang H, Moschonas G, Nunnelly MC, Belk KE, Nightingale KK, Woerner DR, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Efficacy of chemical interventions against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible Salmonella on inoculated beef trimmings. J Food Prot. 2012 Nov; 75(11):1960-7. PMID: 23127704.
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    60. Fouladkhah A, Geornaras I, Yang H, Belk KE, Nightingale KK, Woerner DR, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Sensitivity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, multidrug-resistant Salmonella, and antibiotic-susceptible Salmonella to lactic acid on inoculated beef trimmings. J Food Prot. 2012 Oct; 75(10):1751-8. PMID: 23043822.
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    61. Geornaras I, Yang H, Manios S, Andritsos N, Belk KE, Nightingale KK, Woerner DR, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Comparison of decontamination efficacy of antimicrobial treatments for beef trimmings against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups. J Food Sci. 2012 Sep; 77(9):M539-44. PMID: 22897565.
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    62. Moschonas G, Geornaras I, Stopforth JD, Wach D, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Activity of caprylic acid, carvacrol, e-polylysine and their combinations against Salmonella in not-ready-to-eat surface-browned, frozen, breaded chicken products. J Food Sci. 2012 Jul; 77(7):M405-11. PMID: 22670620.
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    63. Moschonas G, Geornaras I, Stopforth JD, Wach D, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Antimicrobials for reduction of Salmonella contamination in uncooked, surface-browned breaded chicken products. J Food Prot. 2012 Jun; 75(6):1023-8. PMID: 22691468.
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    64. Simpson Beauchamp C, Dourou D, Geornaras I, Yoon Y, Scanga JA, Belk KE, Smith GC, Nychas GJ, Sofos JN. Transfer, attachment, and formation of biofilms by Escherichia coli O157:H7 on meat-contact surface materials. J Food Sci. 2012 Jun; 77(6):M343-7. PMID: 22582718.
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    65. Adler JM, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated at different depths of non-intact blade-tenderized beef steaks. J Food Sci. 2012 Feb; 77(2):M108-14. PMID: 22251069.
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    66. Adler JM, Geornaras I, Byelashov OA, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat product brines containing antimicrobials. J Food Sci. 2011 Sep; 76(7):M478-85. PMID: 21824133.
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    67. Yoon Y, Geornaras I, Scanga JA, Belk KE, Smith GC, Kendall PA, Sofos JN. Probabilistic models for the prediction of target growth interfaces of Listeria monocytogenes on ham and turkey breast products. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug; 76(6):M450-5. PMID: 22417516.
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    68. Dourou D, Beauchamp CS, Yoon Y, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Smith GC, Nychas GJ, Sofos JN. Attachment and biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 at different temperatures, on various food-contact surfaces encountered in beef processing. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Oct 03; 149(3):262-8. PMID: 21802758.
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    69. Pittman CI, Pendleton S, Bisha B, O'Bryan CA, Belk KE, Goodridge L, Crandall PG, Ricke SC. Activity of citrus essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. and effects on beef subprimal cuts under refrigeration. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug; 76(6):M433-8. PMID: 22417514.
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    70. Shen C, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Thermal inactivation of acid, cold, heat, starvation, and desiccation stress-adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 in moisture-enhanced nonintact beef. J Food Prot. 2011 Apr; 74(4):531-8. PMID: 21477465.
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    71. Shen C, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in moisture-enhanced nonintact beef by pan-broiling or roasting with various cooking appliances set at different temperatures. J Food Sci. 2011 Jan-Feb; 76(1):M64-71. PMID: 21535695.
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    72. Yang H, Byelashov OA, Geornaras I, Goodridge LD, Nightingale KK, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Presence of antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria in samples from agricultural, city, and national park environments evaluated by standard culture and real-time PCR methods. Can J Microbiol. 2010 Sep; 56(9):761-70. PMID: 20921986.
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    73. Yang H, Byelashov OA, Geornaras I, Goodridge LD, Nightingale KK, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Characterization and transferability of class 1 integrons in commensal bacteria isolated from farm and nonfarm environments. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010 Dec; 7(12):1441-51. PMID: 20704511.
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    74. Byelashov OA, Adler JM, Geornaras I, Ko KY, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Evaluation of brining ingredients and antimicrobials for effects on thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a meat model system. J Food Sci. 2010 May; 75(4):M209-17. PMID: 20546412.
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    75. Byelashov OA, Daskalov H, Geornaras I, Kendall PA, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters treated with lactic acid solutions of various temperatures. Food Microbiol. 2010 Sep; 27(6):783-90. PMID: 20630320.
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    76. Shen C, Adler JM, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in nonintact beefsteaks of different thicknesses cooked by pan broiling, double pan broiling, or roasting by using five types of cooking appliances. J Food Prot. 2010 Mar; 73(3):461-9. PMID: 20202330.
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    77. Rodr?guez-Marval M, Geornaras I, Kendall PA, Scanga JA, Belk KE, Sofos JN. Microwave oven heating for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters before consumption. J Food Sci. 2009 Oct; 74(8):M453-60. PMID: 19799673.
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    78. Carlson BA, Nightingale KK, Mason GL, Ruby JR, Choat WT, Loneragan GH, Smith GC, Sofos JN, Belk KE. Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains that persist in feedlot cattle are genetically related and demonstrate an enhanced ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Sep; 75(18):5927-37. PMID: 19617387.
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    79. Yoon Y, Mukherjee A, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effect of tenderizers combined with organic acids on Escherichia coli O157:H7 thermal resistance in non-intact beef. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Jul 31; 133(1-2):78-85. PMID: 19493583.
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    80. Yoon Y, Kendall PA, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Modeling the growth/no-growth boundaries of postprocessing Listeria monocytogenes contamination on frankfurters and bologna treated with lactic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jan; 75(2):353-8. PMID: 19011067.
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    81. Carlson BA, Ruby J, Smith GC, Sofos JN, Bellinger GR, Warren-Serna W, Centrella B, Bowling RA, Belk KE. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of multiple beef hide decontamination strategies to reduce levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. J Food Prot. 2008 Nov; 71(11):2223-7. PMID: 19044265.
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    82. Mukherjee A, Yoon Y, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef treated with marination and tenderization ingredients. J Food Prot. 2008 Jul; 71(7):1349-56. PMID: 18680932.
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    83. Carlson BA, Geornaras I, Yoon Y, Scanga JA, Sofos JN, Smith GC, Belk KE. Studies to evaluate chemicals and conditions with low-pressure applications for reducing microbial counts on cattle hides. J Food Prot. 2008 Jul; 71(7):1343-8. PMID: 18680931.
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    84. Byelashov OA, Kendall PA, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Sofos JN. Control of Listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged frankfurters sprayed with lactic acid alone or in combination with sodium lauryl sulfate. J Food Prot. 2008 Apr; 71(4):728-34. PMID: 18468026.
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    85. Lianou A, Geornaras I, Kendall PA, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in commercial ham, formulated with or without antimicrobials, under conditions simulating contamination in the processing or retail environment and during home storage. J Food Prot. 2007 Feb; 70(2):378-85. PMID: 17340872.
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    86. Formato G, Geornaras I, Barmpalia IM, Skandamis PN, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effect of acid adaptation on growth during storage at 10 degrees C and resistance to simulated gastric fluid of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto bologna formulated with or without antimicrobials. J Food Prot. 2007 Jan; 70(1):65-9. PMID: 17265862.
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    87. Reddy MC, Hossner KL, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Yemm RS, Sofos JN, Smith GC. Detection of central nervous system tissue on meat and carcass-splitting band saw blade surfaces using modified fluorescent glial fibrillary acidic protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sampling and extraction procedures. J Food Prot. 2006 Aug; 69(8):1966-70. PMID: 16924925.
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    88. Ashton LV, Geornaras I, Stopforth JD, Skandamis PN, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Fate of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, cultured under different conditions, on fresh and decontaminated beef transitioned from vacuum to aerobic packaging. J Food Prot. 2006 Jun; 69(6):1273-9. PMID: 16786845.
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    89. Geornaras I, Skandamis PN, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Post-processing application of chemical solutions for control of Listeria monocytogenes, cultured under different conditions, on commercial smoked sausage formulated with and without potassium lactate-sodium diacetate. Food Microbiol. 2006 Dec; 23(8):762-71. PMID: 16943080.
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    90. Hossner KL, Yemm RS, Sonnenshein SE, Mason GL, Cummings BA, Reddy MC, Sofos JN, Scanga JA, Tatum JD, Smith GC, Belk KE. Comparison of immunochemical (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of central nervous system tissue in meat products. J Food Prot. 2006 Mar; 69(3):644-50. PMID: 16541698.
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    91. Geornaras I, Skandamis PN, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Post process control of Listeria monocytogenes on commercial frankfurters formulated with and without antimicrobials and stored at 10 degrees C. J Food Prot. 2006 Jan; 69(1):53-61. PMID: 16416901.
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    92. Stopforth JD, Skandamis PN, Ashton LV, Geornaras I, Kendall PA, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Impact of inoculum preparation and storage conditions on the response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations to undercooking and simulated exposure to gastric fluid. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan; 72(1):672-9. PMID: 16391106.
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    93. Geornaras I, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Postprocessing antimicrobial treatments to control Listeria monocytogenes in commercial vacuum-packaged bologna and ham stored at 10 degrees C. J Food Prot. 2005 May; 68(5):991-8. PMID: 15895732.
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    94. Koutsoumanis KP, Ashton LV, Geornaras I, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Kendall PA, Smith GC, Sofos JN. Effect of single or sequential hot water and lactic acid decontamination treatments on the survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage microflora during aerobic storage of fresh beef at 4, 10, and 25 degrees C. J Food Prot. 2004 Dec; 67(12):2703-11. PMID: 15633675.
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    95. Samelis J, Bedie GK, Sofos JN, Belk KE, Scanga JA, Smith GC. Control of Listeria monocytogenes with combined antimicrobials after postprocess contamination and extended storage of frankfurters at 4 degrees C in vacuum packages. J Food Prot. 2002 Feb; 65(2):299-307. PMID: 11848561.
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