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Alena Marie Grabowski

TitleAssociate Professor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Boulder
DepartmentIntegrative Physiology
Phone303/492-5208

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    I21RX003861     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Jul 1, 2022 - Jun 30, 2025
    NIH
    Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Prosthetic Alignment in Veterans with Unilateral Transtibial Amputations
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01RX003643     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Apr 1, 2022 - Mar 31, 2026
    NIH
    Improving Socket Fit in Female and Male Veterans with Transtibial and TransfemoralAmputation
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01RX002941     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Aug 1, 2019 - Jul 31, 2024
    NIH
    How Do Lower Limb Prosthetic Stiffness and Power Affect the Biomechanics, Metabolic Costs, and Satisfaction of Veterans with Transtibial Amputations DuringWalking?
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01RX002943     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Aug 1, 2019 - Jul 31, 2024
    NIH
    Can Sensory Feedback Training Improve the Biomechanical and Metabolic Effects of Using Passive or Powered Lower Limb Prostheses During Walking for Veterans with Transtibial Amputations?
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I21RX003010     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)May 1, 2019 - Mar 31, 2022
    NIH
    Optimizing Prosthetic and Bicycle Fit for Veterans with Transtibial Amputations
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I21RX002182     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Jul 1, 2016 - Jun 30, 2019
    NIH
    Development of a Novel Device to Measure Socket Pistoning
    Role: Principal Investigator
    IK2RX000582     (GRABOWSKI, ALENA)Jul 1, 2012 - Jun 30, 2019
    NIH
    Characterizing Ankle Function During Sloped Locomotion For Prosthesis Development
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Zhang-Lea JH, Tacca JR, Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Author Correction: Equivalent running leg lengths require prosthetic legs to be longer than biological legs during standing. Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 06; 13(1):9194. PMID: 37280301.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Zhang-Lea JH, Tacca JR, Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Equivalent running leg lengths require prosthetic legs to be longer than biological legs during standing. Sci Rep. 2023 05 11; 13(1):7679. PMID: 37169823.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Correction to: 'Sprinting with prosthetic versus biological legs: insight from experimental data' (2023) by Beck et al. R Soc Open Sci. 2023 May; 10(5):230483. PMID: 37153365.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Colvin ZA, Montgomery JR, Grabowski AM. Effects of powered versus passive-elastic ankle foot prostheses on leg muscle activity during level, uphill and downhill walking. R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Dec; 9(12):220651. PMID: 36533194.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Allen SP, Beck ON, Grabowski AM. Evaluating the 'cost of generating force' hypothesis across frequency in human running and hopping. J Exp Biol. 2022 09 15; 225(18). PMID: 36111420.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Tacca JR, Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Running-specific prosthesis model, stiffness and height affect biomechanics and asymmetry of athletes with unilateral leg amputations across speeds. R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Jun; 9(6):211691. PMID: 35706678.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Ashcraft KR, Grabowski AM. Characterizing the Mechanical Stiffness of Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthosis Struts. Front Rehabil Sci. 2022; 3:820285. PMID: 36188980.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Sprinting with prosthetic versus biological legs: insight from experimental data. R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Jan; 9(1):211799. PMID: 35070345.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Alcantara RS, Edwards WB, Millet GY, Grabowski AM. Predicting continuous ground reaction forces from accelerometers during uphill and downhill running: a recurrent neural network solution. PeerJ. 2022; 10:e12752. PMID: 35036107.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Alcantara RS, Day EM, Hahn ME, Grabowski AM. Sacral acceleration can predict whole-body kinetics and stride kinematics across running speeds. PeerJ. 2021; 9:e11199. PMID: 33954039.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Day EM, Alcantara RS, McGeehan MA, Grabowski AM, Hahn ME. Low-pass filter cutoff frequency affects sacral-mounted inertial measurement unit estimations of peak vertical ground reaction force and contact time during treadmill running. J Biomech. 2021 04 15; 119:110323. PMID: 33609984.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Hu X, Pickle NT, Grabowski AM, Silverman AK, Blemker SS. Muscle Eccentric Contractions Increase in Downhill and High-Grade Uphill Walking. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020; 8:573666. PMID: 33178672.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Etenzi E, Borzuola R, Grabowski AM. Passive-elastic knee-ankle exoskeleton reduces the metabolic cost of walking. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2020 07 27; 17(1):104. PMID: 32718344.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Alcantara RS, Beck ON, Grabowski AM. Added lower limb mass does not affect biomechanical asymmetry but increases metabolic power in runners with a unilateral transtibial amputation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 Jun; 120(6):1449-1456. PMID: 32347372.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Taboga P, Beck ON, Grabowski AM. Prosthetic shape, but not stiffness or height, affects the maximum speed of sprinters with bilateral transtibial amputations. PLoS One. 2020; 15(2):e0229035. PMID: 32078639.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Taboga P, Drees EK, Beck ON, Grabowski AM. Prosthetic model, but not stiffness or height, affects maximum running velocity in athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations. Sci Rep. 2020 02 04; 10(1):1763. PMID: 32019938.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Zai CZ, Grabowski AM. The metabolic power required to support body weight and accelerate body mass changes during walking on uphill and downhill slopes. J Biomech. 2020 04 16; 103:109667. PMID: 32063278.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Davis LA, Allen SP, Hamilton LD, Grabowski AM, Enoka RM. Differences in postural sway among healthy adults are associated with the ability to perform steady contractions with leg muscles. Exp Brain Res. 2020 Feb; 238(2):487-497. PMID: 31960103.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Allen SP, Grabowski AM. Hopping with degressive spring stiffness in a full-leg exoskeleton lowers metabolic cost compared with progressive spring stiffness and hopping without assistance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 08 01; 127(2):520-530. PMID: 31219770.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Funken J, Willwacher S, Heinrich K, M?ller R, Hobara H, Grabowski AM, Potthast W. Long jumpers with and without a transtibial amputation have different three-dimensional centre of mass and joint take-off step kinematics. R Soc Open Sci. 2019 Apr; 6(4):190107. PMID: 31183149.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Funken J, Willwacher S, Heinrich K, M?LLER R, Hobara H, Grabowski AM, Potthast W. Three-Dimensional Takeoff Step Kinetics of Long Jumpers with and without a Transtibial Amputation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 04; 51(4):716-725. PMID: 30489495.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Hobara H, Hashizume S, Funken J, Willwacher S, M?ller R, Grabowski AM, Potthast W. Vertical stiffness during one-legged hopping with and without using a running-specific prosthesis. J Biomech. 2019 03 27; 86:34-39. PMID: 30770198.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Beck ON, Grabowski AM. Athletes With Versus Without Leg Amputations: Different Biomechanics, Similar Running Economy. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2019 01; 47(1):15-21. PMID: 30334850.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Kashiri N, Abate A, Abram SJ, Albu-Schaffer A, Clary PJ, Daley M, Faraji S, Furnemont R, Garabini M, Geyer H, Grabowski AM, Hurst J, Malzahn J, Mathijssen G, Remy D, Roozing W, Shahbazi M, Simha SN, Song JB, Smit-Anseeuw N, Stramigioli S, Vanderborght B, Yesilevskiy Y, Tsagarakis N. An Overview on Principles for Energy Efficient Robot Locomotion. Front Robot AI. 2018; 5:129. PMID: 33501007.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Kipp S, Grabowski AM, Kram R. What determines the metabolic cost of human running across a wide range of velocities? J Exp Biol. 2018 09 24; 221(Pt 18). PMID: 30065039.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Feeney DF, Capobianco RA, Montgomery JR, Morreale J, Grabowski AM, Enoka RM. Individuals with sacroiliac joint dysfunction display asymmetrical gait and a depressed synergy between muscles providing sacroiliac joint force closure when walking. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018 Dec; 43:95-103. PMID: 30267967.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Montgomery JR, Grabowski AM. The contributions of ankle, knee and hip joint work to individual leg work change during uphill and downhill walking over a range of speeds. R Soc Open Sci. 2018 Aug; 5(8):180550. PMID: 30225047.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Montgomery JR, Grabowski AM. Use of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis reduces the metabolic cost of uphill walking and improves leg work symmetry in people with transtibial amputations. J R Soc Interface. 2018 08; 15(145). PMID: 30158189.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Beck ON, Grabowski AM, Ortega JD. Neither total muscle activation nor co-activation explains the youthful walking economy of older runners. Gait Posture. 2018 09; 65:163-168. PMID: 30558925.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Beck ON, Azua EN, Grabowski AM. Step time asymmetry increases metabolic energy expenditure during running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Oct; 118(10):2147-2154. PMID: 30027520.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Capobianco RA, Feeney DF, Jeffers JR, Nelson-Wong E, Morreale J, Grabowski AM, Enoka RM. Patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction exhibit altered movement strategies when performing a sit-to-stand task. Spine J. 2018 08; 18(8):1434-1440. PMID: 29625190.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Willwacher S, Funken J, Heinrich K, M?ller R, Hobara H, Grabowski AM, Br?ggemann GP, Potthast W. Elite long jumpers with below the knee prostheses approach the board slower, but take-off more effectively than non-amputee athletes. Sci Rep. 2017 11 22; 7(1):16058. PMID: 29167568.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Batliner ME, Kipp S, Grabowski AM, Kram R, Byrnes WC. Does Metabolic Rate Increase Linearly with Running Speed in all Distance Runners? Sports Med Int Open. 2018 Jan; 2(1):E1-E8. PMID: 30539111.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Pickle NT, Grabowski AM, Jeffers JR, Silverman AK. The Functional Roles of Muscles, Passive Prostheses, and Powered Prostheses During Sloped Walking in People With a Transtibial Amputation. J Biomech Eng. 2017 Nov 01; 139(11). PMID: 28975280.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Beck ON, Grabowski AM. The biomechanics of the fastest sprinter with a unilateral transtibial amputation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 03 01; 124(3):641-645. PMID: 29051334.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. How do prosthetic stiffness, height and running speed affect the biomechanics of athletes with bilateral transtibial amputations? J R Soc Interface. 2017 06; 14(131). PMID: 28659414.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Prosthetic model, but not stiffness or height, affects the metabolic cost of running for athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jul 01; 123(1):38-48. PMID: 28360121.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Correction: Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Running-Specific Prostheses. PLoS One. 2017; 12(3):e0173764. PMID: 28288196.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Reduced prosthetic stiffness lowers the metabolic cost of running for athletes with bilateral transtibial amputations. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Apr 01; 122(4):976-984. PMID: 28104752.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Axial and torsional stiffness of pediatric prosthetic feet. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2017 Feb; 42:47-54. PMID: 28095358.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Beck ON, Taboga P, Grabowski AM. Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Running-Specific Prostheses. PLoS One. 2016; 11(12):e0168298. PMID: 27973573.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Pickle NT, Grabowski AM, Auyang AG, Silverman AK. The functional roles of muscles during sloped walking. J Biomech. 2016 10 03; 49(14):3244-3251. PMID: 27553849.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Beck ON, Kipp S, Roby JM, Grabowski AM, Kram R, Ortega JD. Older Runners Retain Youthful Running Economy despite Biomechanical Differences. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Apr; 48(4):697-704. PMID: 26587844.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Taboga P, Kram R, Grabowski AM. Maximum-speed curve-running biomechanics of sprinters with and without unilateral leg amputations. J Exp Biol. 2016 Mar; 219(Pt 6):851-8. PMID: 26985053.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Jeffers JR, Auyang AG, Grabowski AM. The correlation between metabolic and individual leg mechanical power during walking at different slopes and velocities. J Biomech. 2015 Aug 20; 48(11):2919-24. PMID: 25959113.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Arellano CJ, McDermott WJ, Kram R, Grabowski AM. Effect of running speed and leg prostheses on mediolateral foot placement and its variability. PLoS One. 2015; 10(1):e0115637. PMID: 25590634.
      View in: PubMed
    47. D'Andrea S, Wilhelm N, Silverman AK, Grabowski AM. Does use of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis restore whole-body angular momentum during walking at different speeds? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Oct; 472(10):3044-54. PMID: 24781926.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Taboga P, Grabowski AM, di Prampero PE, Kram R. Optimal starting block configuration in sprint running; a comparison of biological and prosthetic legs. J Appl Biomech. 2014 Jun; 30(3):381-9. PMID: 24345741.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Look N, Arellano CJ, Grabowski AM, McDermott WJ, Kram R, Bradley E. Dynamic stability of running: the effects of speed and leg amputations on the maximal Lyapunov exponent. Chaos. 2013 Dec; 23(4):043131. PMID: 24387570.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Ikeda AJ, Grabowski AM, Lindsley A, Sadeghi-Demneh E, Reisinger KD. A scoping literature review of the provision of orthoses and prostheses in resource-limited environments 2000-2010. Part one: considerations for success. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014 Aug; 38(4):269-86. PMID: 24026045.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Ikeda AJ, Grabowski AM, Lindsley A, Sadeghi-Demneh E, Reisinger KD. A scoping literature review of the provision of orthoses and prostheses in resource-limited environments 2000-2010. Part two: research and outcomes. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014 Oct; 38(5):343-62. PMID: 23942758.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Grabowski AM, D'Andrea S. Effects of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis on kinetic loading of the unaffected leg during level-ground walking. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2013 Jun 07; 10:49. PMID: 23758860.
      View in: PubMed
    53. McGowan CP, Grabowski AM, McDermott WJ, Herr HM, Kram R. Leg stiffness of sprinters using running-specific prostheses. J R Soc Interface. 2012 Aug 07; 9(73):1975-82. PMID: 22337629.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Herr HM, Grabowski AM. Bionic ankle-foot prosthesis normalizes walking gait for persons with leg amputation. Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Feb 07; 279(1728):457-64. PMID: 21752817.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Grabowski AM. Metabolic and biomechanical effects of velocity and weight support using a lower-body positive pressure device during walking. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Jun; 91(6):951-7. PMID: 20510989.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Kram R, Grabowski AM, McGowan CP, Brown MB, Herr HM. Counterpoint: Artificial legs do not make artificially fast running speeds possible. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Apr; 108(4):1012-4; discussion 1014; author reply 1020. PMID: 20368386.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Grabowski AM, McGowan CP, McDermott WJ, Beale MT, Kram R, Herr HM. Running-specific prostheses limit ground-force during sprinting. Biol Lett. 2010 Apr 23; 6(2):201-4. PMID: 19889694.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Weyand PG, Bundle MW, McGowan CP, Grabowski A, Brown MB, Kram R, Herr H. The fastest runner on artificial legs: different limbs, similar function? J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep; 107(3):903-11. PMID: 19541739.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Grabowski AM, Herr HM. Leg exoskeleton reduces the metabolic cost of human hopping. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep; 107(3):670-8. PMID: 19423835.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Grabowski AM, Kram R. Effects of velocity and weight support on ground reaction forces and metabolic power during running. J Appl Biomech. 2008 Aug; 24(3):288-97. PMID: 18843159.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Grabowski AM, Kram R. Running with horizontal pulling forces: the benefits of towing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Oct; 104(3):473-9. PMID: 18566828.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Teunissen LP, Grabowski A, Kram R. Effects of independently altering body weight and body mass on the metabolic cost of running. J Exp Biol. 2007 Dec; 210(Pt 24):4418-27. PMID: 18055630.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Grabowski A, Farley CT, Kram R. Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Feb; 98(2):579-83. PMID: 15649878.
      View in: PubMed
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