Colorado PROFILES, The Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI)
Keywords
Last Name
Institution

Alexander R. Horswill

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-IMM MICRO GENERAL OPER
Phone303/724-4224

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    R13AI179133     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jul 12, 2023 - Nov 30, 2023
    NIH
    2023 Staphylococcal Diseases Gordon Research Conference and Gordon Research Seminar
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI171853     (DORAN, KELLY S)Jul 1, 2023 - Jun 30, 2025
    NIH
    Determinants of polymicrobial diabetic wound infections
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R01AI168005     (CHIU, ISAAC MING-CHENG)Sep 19, 2022 - Jul 31, 2027
    NIH
    Staphylococcus aureus induced itch and neuro-immune signaling in skin infections
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R21AI166805     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 1, 2022 - May 31, 2025
    NIH
    Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions in wound pathogenesis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AI162964     (FEY, PAUL D)Mar 22, 2022 - Feb 28, 2027
    NIH
    Mechanisms of staphylococcal skin colonization
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R56AI162964     (FEY, PAUL D)Sep 15, 2021 - Aug 31, 2022
    NIH
    Mechanisms of staphylococcal skin colonization
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R01AI153185     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 12, 2020 - May 31, 2025
    NIH
    Quorum sensing, diversity and skin inflammation
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI146543     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Feb 24, 2020 - Jan 31, 2022
    NIH
    How Staphylococcus aureus resists killing by human neutrophlls
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AI141490     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Sep 1, 2019 - Aug 31, 2023
    NIH
    Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and disease
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R13AI147423     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 25, 2019 - Sep 30, 2019
    NIH
    2019 Staphylococcal Diseases GRC/GRS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI133089     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 15, 2018 - May 31, 2021
    NIH
    Impact of commensal cross-talk on MRSA colonization and infection
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI130857     (DORAN, KELLY S)Jun 15, 2018 - May 31, 2020
    NIH
    MRSA vaginal colonization and impact of polymicrobial interactions
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    I01BX002711     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jul 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2028
    NIH
    Quorum Sensing Dependent Interactions with Biofilms and Innate Immunity Defenses
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI081970     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 1, 2009 - May 31, 2011
    NIH
    The Role of Sigma Factor B in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AI078921     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jul 15, 2008 - Sep 30, 2013
    NIH
    Quorum sensing-dependent interactions with biofilms and innate immunity defenses
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Teghament A, Schilcher K, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Mutation in Staphylococcus aureus that supports gain of function in susceptibility both to hypochlorous acid and to human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2025 May 19. PMID: 40388361.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Cohen S, Horswill AR, Doran KS. Skin mycobiome: Fungi drive colonization resistance in an already hostile environment. Curr Biol. 2025 May 19; 35(10):R396-R398. PMID: 40393406.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Thorstenson JC, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus SspA (V8 protease): New skin pathogenesis insights into an old enzyme. PLoS Pathog. 2025 Apr; 21(4):e1013048. PMID: 40273042.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Bhattacharya M, Scherr TD, Lister J, Kielian T, Horswill AR. Extracellular adherence proteins reduce matrix porosity and enhance Staphylococcus aureus biofilm survival during prosthetic joint infection. Infect Immun. 2025 Apr 08; 93(4):e0008625. PMID: 40116480.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Enroth TJ, Severn MM, Costa FG, Bovee AR, Wilkening RV, Nguyen DT, Langou?t-Astri? C, Horswill AR. Global changes in Staphylococcus aureus virulence and metabolism during colonization of healthy skin. Infect Immun. 2025 Apr 08; 93(4):e0002825. PMID: 40116525.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Lyon LM, Marroquin SM, Thorstenson JC, Joyce LR, Fuentes EJ, Doran KS, Horswill AR. Genome-wide mutagenesis identifies factors involved in MRSA vaginal colonization. Cell Rep. 2025 Mar 25; 44(3):115421. PMID: 40085646.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Tamkin E, Lorenz BP, McCarty A, Fulte S, Eisenmesser E, Horswill AR, Clark SE. Airway Corynebacterium interfere with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus infection and express secreted factors selectively targeting each pathogen. Infect Immun. 2025 Feb 18; 93(2):e0044524. PMID: 39705185.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Bhattacharya M, Scherr TD, Lister J, Kielian T, Horswill AR. Matrix porosity is associated with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm survival during prosthetic joint infection. bioRxiv. 2024 Dec 07. PMID: 39677627.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Keim K, Bhattacharya M, Crosby HA, Jenul C, Mills K, Schurr M, Horswill A. Polymicrobial interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa promote biofilm formation and persistence in chronic wound infections. bioRxiv. 2024 Nov 05. PMID: 39574578.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Bhattacharya M, Spencer BL, Kwiecinski JM, Podkowik M, Putzel G, Pironti A, Shopsin B, Doran KS, Horswill AR. Collagen binding adhesin restricts Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. bioRxiv. 2024 Nov 02. PMID: 39554114.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Hook JS, Matheis AD, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Moreland JG. Role for IRAK-4 and p38 in Neutrophil Signaling in Response to Bacterial Lipoproteins from Staphylococcus aureus. Inflammation. 2024 Sep 20. PMID: 39302496.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Eisenbraun EL, Vulpis TD, Prosser BN, Horswill AR, Blackwell HE. Synthetic Peptides Capable of Potent Multigroup Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing Activation and Inhibition in Both Cultures and Biofilm Communities. J Am Chem Soc. 2024 Jun 12; 146(23):15941-15954. PMID: 38832917.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Keogh RA, Huyvaert S, Moore GD, Horswill AR, Doran KS. Virulence characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. FEMS Microbes. 2024; 5:xtae013. PMID: 38783991.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Kaplan JB, Horswill AR. Micrococcal nuclease regulates biofilm formation and dispersal in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. mSphere. 2024 May 29; 9(5):e0012624. PMID: 38695568.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Mills KB, Maciag JJ, Wang C, Crawford JA, Enroth TJ, Keim KC, Dufr?ne YF, Robinson DA, Fey PD, Herr AB, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is mediated by SasG lectin variation. Cell Rep. 2024 04 23; 43(4):114022. PMID: 38568806.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Costa FG, Mills KB, Crosby HA, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus regulatory program in a human skin-like environment. mBio. 2024 May 08; 15(5):e0045324. PMID: 38546267.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Crosby HA, Keim K, Kwiecinski JM, Langou?t-Astri? CJ, Oshima K, LaRivi?re WB, Schmidt EP, Horswill AR. Host-derived protease promotes aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus by cleaving the surface protein SasG. mBio. 2024 Apr 10; 15(4):e0348323. PMID: 38511930.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Gallo RL, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus: The Bug Behind the Itch in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2024 May; 144(5):950-953. PMID: 38430083.
      View in: PubMed
    19. John MS, Chinnappan M, Artami M, Bhattacharya M, Keogh RA, Kavanaugh J, Sharma T, Horswill AR, Harris-Tryon TA. Androgens at the skin surface regulate S. aureus pathogenesis through the activation of agr quorum sensing. bioRxiv. 2024 Feb 14. PMID: 38370751.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Bhattacharya M, Horswill AR. The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2024 Jan 12; 48(1). PMID: 38337187.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Schilcher K, Severn MM, Jenul C, Avina YC, Keogh RA, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus CamS lipoprotein is a repressor of toxin production that shapes host-pathogen interaction. PLoS Biol. 2024 Jan; 22(1):e3002451. PMID: 38180978.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Zehr EP, Erzen CL, Oshima K, Langouet-Astrie CJ, LaRiviere WB, Shi D, Zhang F, McCollister BD, Windham SL, Rizzo AN, Bastarache JA, Horswill AR, Schmidt EP, Kwiecinski JM, Colbert JF. Bacterial pneumonia-induced shedding of epithelial heparan sulfate inhibits the bactericidal activity of cathelicidin in a murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2024 02 01; 326(2):L206-L212. PMID: 38113313.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Deng L, Costa F, Blake KJ, Choi S, Chandrabalan A, Yousuf MS, Shiers S, Dubreuil D, Vega-Mendoza D, Rolland C, Deraison C, Voisin T, Bagood MD, Wesemann L, Frey AM, Palumbo JS, Wainger BJ, Gallo RL, Leyva-Castillo JM, Vergnolle N, Price TJ, Ramachandran R, Horswill AR, Chiu IM. S.?aureus drives itch and scratch-induced skin damage through a V8 protease-PAR1 axis. Cell. 2023 11 22; 186(24):5375-5393.e25. PMID: 37995657.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Mills KB, Maciag JJ, Wang C, Crawford JA, Enroth TJ, Keim KC, Dufr?ne YF, Robinson DA, Fey PD, Herr AB, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is mediated by SasG lectin variation. bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 21. PMID: 38045275.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Smith N, Horswill AR, Wilson MA. X-ray-driven chemistry and conformational heterogeneity in atomic resolution crystal structures of bacterial dihydrofolate reductases. bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 08. PMID: 37986818.
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    26. Kaplan JB, Florjanczyk AP, Ochiai M, Jones CD, Horswill AR. Micrococcal nuclease regulates biofilm formation and dispersal in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 05. PMID: 37961602.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Wilkening RV, Langou?t-Astri? C, Severn MM, Federle MJ, Horswill AR. Identifying genetic determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes-host interactions in a murine intact skin infection model. Cell Rep. 2023 11 28; 42(11):113332. PMID: 37889753.
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    28. Costa FG, Mills KB, Crosby HA, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus regulatory program in a human skin-like environment. bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 24. PMID: 37961268.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Crossley JL, Ostashevskaya-Gohstand S, Comazzetto S, Hook JS, Guo L, Vishlaghi N, Juan C, Xu L, Horswill AR, Hoxhaj G, Moreland JG, Tower RJ, Levi B. Itaconate-producing neutrophils regulate local and systemic inflammation following trauma. JCI Insight. 2023 10 23; 8(20). PMID: 37707952.
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    30. Williams MR, Bagood MD, Enroth TJ, Bunch ZL, Jiang N, Liu E, Almoughrabie S, Khalil S, Li F, Brinton S, Cech NB, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Staphylococcus epidermidis activates keratinocyte cytokine expression and promotes skin inflammation through the production of phenol-soluble modulins. Cell Rep. 2023 09 26; 42(9):113024. PMID: 37610872.
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    31. Keim KC, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol. 2023 12; 31(12):1300-1301. PMID: 37487767.
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    32. Akbari MS, Keogh RA, Radin JN, Sanchez-Rosario Y, Johnson MDL, Horswill AR, Kehl-Fie TE, Burcham LR, Doran KS. The impact of nutritional immunity on Group B streptococcal pathogenesis during wound infection. mBio. 2023 08 31; 14(4):e0030423. PMID: 37358277.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Cao AL, Mills KB, Nguyen A, Costa FG, Wall E, Horswill AR. Complete Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolate from Healthy Skin with Upregulation of Protease EcpA. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2023 Jul 18; 12(7):e0046323. PMID: 37318351.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Jenul C, Keim KC, Jens JN, Zeiler MJ, Schilcher K, Schurr MJ, Melander C, Phelan VV, Horswill AR. Pyochelin biotransformation by Staphylococcus aureus shapes bacterial competition with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in polymicrobial infections. Cell Rep. 2023 06 27; 42(6):112540. PMID: 37227819.
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    35. Bhattacharya M, Horswill AR. Breaking bad. J Exp Med. 2023 06 05; 220(6). PMID: 37129875.
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    36. Colbert JF, Kirsch JM, Erzen CL, Langou?t-Astri? CJ, Thompson GE, McMurtry SA, Kofonow JM, Robertson CE, Kovacs EJ, Sullivan RC, Hippensteel JA, Sawant NV, De Nisco NJ, McCollister BD, Schwartz RS, Horswill AR, Frank DN, Duerkop BA, Schmidt EP. Aging-Associated Augmentation of Gut Microbiome Virulence Capability Drives Sepsis Severity. mBio. 2023 06 27; 14(3):e0005223. PMID: 37102874.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Weig AW, O'Conner PM, Kwiecinski JM, Marciano OM, Nunag A, Gutierrez AT, Melander RJ, Horswill AR, Melander C. A structure activity relationship study of 3,4'-dimethoxyflavone for ArlRS inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Org Biomol Chem. 2023 04 26; 21(16):3373-3380. PMID: 37013457.
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    38. Staats A, Burback PW, Casillas-Ituarte NN, Li D, Hostetler MR, Sullivan A, Horswill AR, Lower SK, Stoodley P. In Vitro Staphylococcal Aggregate Morphology and Protection from Antibiotics Are Dependent on Distinct Mechanisms Arising from Postsurgical Joint Components and Fluid Motion. J Bacteriol. 2023 04 25; 205(4):e0045122. PMID: 36951588.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Maciag JJ, Chantraine C, Mills KB, Yadav R, Yarawsky AE, Chaton CT, Vinod D, Fitzkee NC, Matheli?-Guinlet M, Dufr?ne YF, Fey PD, Horswill AR, Herr AB. Mechanistic basis of staphylococcal interspecies competition for skin colonization. bioRxiv. 2023 Jan 27. PMID: 36747832.
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    40. Hinman KD, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Cohen JT, Mundy M, Bliss JM, Horswill AR, Lefort CT. Bi-fluorescent Staphylococcus aureus infection enables single-cell analysis of intracellular killing in vivo. Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1089111. PMID: 36756129.
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    41. Colbert JF, Kirsch JM, Erzen CL, Langou?t-Astri? CJ, Thompson GE, McMurtry SA, Kofonow JM, Robertson CE, Kovacs EJ, Sullivan RC, Hippensteel JA, Sawant NV, De Nisco NJ, McCollister BD, Schwartz RS, Horswill AR, Frank DN, Duerkop BA, Schmidt EP. Aging-associated augmentation of gut microbiome virulence capability drives sepsis severity. bioRxiv. 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36711447.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Lyon LM, Doran KS, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus Fibronectin-Binding Proteins Contribute to Colonization of the Female Reproductive Tract. Infect Immun. 2023 01 24; 91(1):e0046022. PMID: 36511703.
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    43. Wang C, Chantraine C, Viljoen A, Herr AB, Fey PD, Horswill AR, Matheli?-Guinlet M, Dufr?ne YF. The staphylococcal biofilm protein Aap mediates cell-cell adhesion through mechanically distinct homophilic and lectin interactions. PNAS Nexus. 2022 Nov; 1(5):pgac278. PMID: 36712378.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Langou?t-Astri? C, Oshima K, McMurtry SA, Yang Y, Kwiecinski JM, LaRivi?re WB, Kavanaugh JS, Zakharevich I, Hansen KC, Shi D, Zhang F, Boguslawski KM, Perelman SS, Su G, Torres VJ, Liu J, Horswill AR, Schmidt EP. The influenza-injured lung microenvironment promotes MRSA virulence, contributing to severe secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell Rep. 2022 11 29; 41(9):111721. PMID: 36450248.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Keogh RA, Haeberle AL, Langou?t-Astri? CJ, Kavanaugh JS, Schmidt EP, Moore GD, Horswill AR, Doran KS. Group B Streptococcus adaptation promotes survival in a hyperinflammatory diabetic wound environment. Sci Adv. 2022 Nov 11; 8(45):eadd3221. PMID: 36367946.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Mills KB, Roy P, Kwiecinski JM, Fey PD, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal Corneocyte Adhesion: Assay Optimization and Roles of Aap and SasG Adhesins in the Establishment of Healthy Skin Colonization. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 12 21; 10(6):e0246922. PMID: 36219106.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Lee J, Carda-Di?guez M, ?iemyte M, Vreugde S, Cooksley C, Crosby HA, Horswill AR, Mira A, Zilm PS, Kidd SP. Functional mgrA Influences Genetic Changes within a Staphylococcus aureus Cell Population over Time. J Bacteriol. 2022 Oct 18; 204(10):e0013822. PMID: 36154359.
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    48. Severn MM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis and its dual lifestyle in skin health and infection. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 02; 21(2):97-111. PMID: 36042296.
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    49. Severn MM, Cho YK, Manzer HS, Bunch ZL, Shahbandi A, Todd DA, Cech NB, Horswill AR. The Commensal Staphylococcus warneri Makes Peptide Inhibitors of MRSA Quorum Sensing that Protect Skin from Atopic or Necrotic Damage. J Invest Dermatol. 2022 12; 142(12):3349-3352.e5. PMID: 35803321.
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    50. Kwiecinski JM, Jelani DA, Fuentes EJ, Horswill AR. Therapeutic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS Two-Component Regulatory System Blocks Virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 07 19; 66(7):e0018722. PMID: 35736133.
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    51. Haynes AS, Prinzi A, Silveira LJ, Parker SK, Lampe JN, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Fish D. Cefadroxil Comparable to Cephalexin: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 08 31; 10(4):e0103922. PMID: 35730963.
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    52. Costa FG, Horswill AR. Overcoming pH defenses on the skin to establish infections. PLoS Pathog. 2022 05; 18(5):e1010512. PMID: 35617212.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Severn MM, Williams MR, Shahbandi A, Bunch ZL, Lyon LM, Nguyen A, Zaramela LS, Todd DA, Zengler K, Cech NB, Gallo RL, Horswill AR. The Ubiquitous Human Skin Commensal Staphylococcus hominis Protects against Opportunistic Pathogens. mBio. 2022 06 28; 13(3):e0093022. PMID: 35608301.
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    54. Mills KB, Jia F, Stein ME, Keim KC, Davidson RM, Horswill AR. Genome Sequences of Two Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Healthy Skin Isolates. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2022 Jun 16; 11(6):e0040222. PMID: 35575560.
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    55. Staats A, Burback PW, Schwieters A, Li D, Sullivan A, Horswill AR, Stoodley P. Rapid Aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus in Synovial Fluid Is Influenced by Synovial Fluid Concentration, Viscosity, and Fluid Dynamics, with Evidence of Polymer Bridging. mBio. 2022 04 26; 13(2):e0023622. PMID: 35254134.
      View in: PubMed
    56. de Vor L, van Dijk B, van Kessel K, Kavanaugh JS, de Haas C, Aerts PC, Viveen MC, Boel EC, Fluit AC, Kwiecinski JM, Krijger GC, Ramakers RM, Beekman FJ, Dadachova E, Lam MG, Vogely HC, van der Wal BC, van Strijp JA, Horswill AR, Weinans H, Rooijakkers SH. Human monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens recognize in vitro and in vivo biofilm. Elife. 2022 01 06; 11. PMID: 34989676.
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    57. Leyva-Castillo JM, Das M, Kane J, Strakosha M, Singh S, Wong DSH, Horswill AR, Karasuyama H, Brombacher F, Miller LS, Geha RS. Basophil-derived IL-4 promotes cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection. JCI Insight. 2021 11 08; 6(21). PMID: 34747366.
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    58. Kwiecinski JM, Kratofil RM, Parlet CP, Surewaard BGJ, Kubes P, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus uses the ArlRS and MgrA cascade to regulate immune evasion during skin infection. Cell Rep. 2021 07 27; 36(4):109462. PMID: 34320352.
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    59. Hook JS, Patel PA, O'Malley A, Xie L, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Moreland JG. Lipoproteins from Staphylococcus aureus Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR2/1- and PAD-Dependent Manner. J Immunol. 2021 08 01; 207(3):966-973. PMID: 34290104.
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    60. Roy P, Horswill AR, Fey PD. Glycan-Dependent Corneocyte Adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis Mediated by the Lectin Subdomain of Aap. mBio. 2021 08 31; 12(4):e0290820. PMID: 34253065.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Salam AM, Porras G, Cho YK, Brown MM, Risener CJ, Marquez L, Lyles JT, Bacsa J, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Castaneroxy A From the Leaves of Castanea sativa Inhibits Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 12:640179. PMID: 34262448.
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    62. Kavanaugh JS, Leidal KG, Nauseef WM, Horswill AR. Cathepsin G Degrades Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. J Infect Dis. 2021 06 04; 223(11):1865-1869. PMID: 32995850.
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    63. West KHJ, Shen W, Eisenbraun EL, Yang T, Vasquez JK, Horswill AR, Blackwell HE. Non-Native Peptides Capable of Pan-Activating the agr Quorum Sensing System across Multiple Specificity Groups of Staphylococcus epidermidis. ACS Chem Biol. 2021 06 18; 16(6):1070-1078. PMID: 33988969.
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    64. Nakamura K, Williams MR, Kwiecinski JM, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Staphylococcus aureus Enters Hair Follicles Using?Triacylglycerol Lipases Preserved through?the?Genus Staphylococcus. J Invest Dermatol. 2021 08; 141(8):2094-2097. PMID: 33705795.
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    65. Amjadi MF, Avner BS, Greenlee-Wacker MC, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the phenotype of na?ve human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2021 11; 110(5):917-925. PMID: 33682200.
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    66. Crosby HA, Kwiecinski JM, Horswill AR. In Vitro Assay for Quantifying Clumping of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Mol Biol. 2021; 2341:31-36. PMID: 34264458.
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    67. Nakamura K, O'Neill AM, Williams MR, Cau L, Nakatsuji T, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Short chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep. 2020 12 04; 10(1):21237. PMID: 33277548.
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    68. Bispo M, Anaya-Sanchez A, Suhani S, Raineri EJM, L?pez-?lvarez M, Heuker M, Szymanski W, Romero Pastrana F, Buist G, Horswill AR, Francis KP, van Dam GM, van Oosten M, van Dijl JM. Fighting Staphylococcus aureus infections with light and photoimmunoconjugates. JCI Insight. 2020 11 19; 5(22). PMID: 33048846.
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    69. Brown MM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis-Skin friend or foe? PLoS Pathog. 2020 11; 16(11):e1009026. PMID: 33180890.
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    70. Gupta TT, Gupta NK, Pestrak MJ, Dusane DH, Harro JM, Horswill AR, Stoodley P. Staphylococcus aureus Aggregates on Orthopedic Materials under Varying Levels of Shear Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020 09 17; 86(19). PMID: 32709721.
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    71. Schilcher K, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal Biofilm Development: Structure, Regulation, and Treatment Strategies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2020 08 19; 84(3). PMID: 32792334.
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    72. Jones DD, Caesar LK, Pelzer CV, Crandall WJ, Jenul C, Todd DA, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Targeted and untargeted analysis of secondary metabolites to monitor growth and quorum sensing inhibition for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Microbiol Methods. 2020 09; 176:106000. PMID: 32649968.
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    73. Cau L, Williams MR, Butcher AM, Nakatsuji T, Kavanaugh JS, Cheng JY, Shafiq F, Higbee K, Hata TR, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Staphylococcus epidermidis protease EcpA can be a deleterious component of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 03; 147(3):955-966.e16. PMID: 32634452.
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    74. H?ffner N, B?r J, Dengler Haunreiter V, Mairpady Shambat S, Seidl K, Crosby HA, Horswill AR, Zinkernagel AS. Intracellular Environment and agr System Affect Colony Size Heterogeneity of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:1415. PMID: 32695082.
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    75. Brown MM, Kwiecinski JM, Cruz LM, Shahbandi A, Todd DA, Cech NB, Horswill AR. Novel Peptide from Commensal Staphylococcus simulans Blocks Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quorum Sensing and Protects Host Skin from Damage. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 05 21; 64(6). PMID: 32253213.
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    76. Tang H, Porras G, Brown MM, Chassagne F, Lyles JT, Bacsa J, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Triterpenoid acids isolated from Schinus terebinthifolia fruits reduce Staphylococcus aureus virulence and abate dermonecrosis. Sci Rep. 2020 05 15; 10(1):8046. PMID: 32415287.
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    77. Pestrak MJ, Gupta TT, Dusane DH, Guzior DV, Staats A, Harro J, Horswill AR, Stoodley P. Correction: Investigation of synovial fluid induced Staphylococcus aureus aggregate development and its impact on surface attachment and biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0233534. PMID: 32407362.
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    78. Pestrak MJ, Gupta TT, Dusane DH, Guzior DV, Staats A, Harro J, Horswill AR, Stoodley P. Investigation of synovial fluid induced Staphylococcus aureus aggregate development and its impact on surface attachment and biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2020; 15(4):e0231791. PMID: 32302361.
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    79. Schilcher K, Caesar LK, Cech NB, Horswill AR. Processing, Export, and Identification of Novel Linear Peptides from Staphylococcus aureus. mBio. 2020 04 14; 11(2). PMID: 32291297.
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    80. Kwiecinski JM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2020 02; 53:51-60. PMID: 32172183.
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    81. Williams MR, Cau L, Wang Y, Kaul D, Sanford JA, Zaramela LS, Khalil S, Butcher AM, Zengler K, Horswill AR, Dupont CL, Hovnanian A, Gallo RL. Interplay of Staphylococcal and Host Proteases Promotes Skin Barrier Disruption in Netherton Syndrome. Cell Rep. 2020 03 03; 30(9):2923-2933.e7. PMID: 32130897.
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    82. DelMain EA, Moormeier DE, Endres JL, Hodges RE, Sadykov MR, Horswill AR, Bayles KW. Stochastic Expression of Sae-Dependent Virulence Genes during Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development Is Dependent on SaeS. mBio. 2020 01 14; 11(1). PMID: 31937649.
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    83. Deng L, Schilcher K, Burcham LR, Kwiecinski JM, Johnson PM, Head SR, Heinrichs DE, Horswill AR, Doran KS. Identification of Key Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus Vaginal Colonization. mBio. 2019 12 24; 10(6). PMID: 31874913.
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    84. Sirobhushanam S, Parsa N, Reed TJ, Berthier CC, Sarkar MK, Hile GA, Tsoi LC, Banfield J, Dobry C, Horswill AR, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Is Increased on Lupus Skin Lesions and Is Promoted by IFN-Mediated Barrier Disruption. J Invest Dermatol. 2020 05; 140(5):1066-1074.e4. PMID: 31877319.
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    85. Horswill AR, Gordon CP. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Small Molecule Modulators of the Staphylococcal Accessory Gene Regulator. J Med Chem. 2020 03 26; 63(6):2705-2730. PMID: 31658413.
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    86. Miller RJ, Crosby HA, Schilcher K, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Mazhar M, Dikeman DA, Pinsker BL, Brown ID, Joyce DP, Zhang J, Archer NK, Liu H, Alphonse MP, Czupryna J, Anderson WR, Bernthal NM, Fortuno-Miranda L, Bulte JWM, Francis KP, Horswill AR, Miller LS. Development of a Staphylococcus aureus reporter strain with click beetle red luciferase for enhanced in vivo imaging of experimental bacteremia?and mixed infections. Sci Rep. 2019 11 13; 9(1):16663. PMID: 31723175.
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    87. Crosby HA, Tiwari N, Kwiecinski JM, Xu Z, Dykstra A, Jenul C, Fuentes EJ, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system regulates virulence factor expression through MgrA. Mol Microbiol. 2020 01; 113(1):103-122. PMID: 31618469.
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    88. Grundstad ML, Parlet CP, Kwiecinski JM, Kavanaugh JS, Crosby HA, Cho YS, Heilmann K, Diekema DJ, Horswill AR. Quorum Sensing, Virulence, and Antibiotic Resistance of USA100 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. mSphere. 2019 08 14; 4(4). PMID: 31413175.
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    89. Kavanaugh JS, Flack CE, Lister J, Ricker EB, Ibberson CB, Jenul C, Moormeier DE, Delmain EA, Bayles KW, Horswill AR. Identification of Extracellular DNA-Binding Proteins in the Biofilm Matrix. mBio. 2019 06 25; 10(3). PMID: 31239382.
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    90. Kwiecinski JM, Crosby HA, Valotteau C, Hippensteel JA, Nayak MK, Chauhan AK, Schmidt EP, Dufr?ne YF, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion in endovascular infections is controlled by the ArlRS-MgrA signaling cascade. PLoS Pathog. 2019 05; 15(5):e1007800. PMID: 31116795.
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    91. Borb?n TY, Scorza BM, Clay GM, Lima Nobre de Queiroz F, Sariol AJ, Bowen JL, Chen Y, Zhanbolat B, Parlet CP, Valadares DG, Cassel SL, Nauseef WM, Horswill AR, Sutterwala FS, Wilson ME. Coinfection with Leishmania major and Staphylococcus aureus enhances the pathologic responses to both microbes through a pathway involving IL-17A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 05; 13(5):e0007247. PMID: 31107882.
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    92. Williams MR, Costa SK, Zaramela LS, Khalil S, Todd DA, Winter HL, Sanford JA, O'Neill AM, Liggins MC, Nakatsuji T, Cech NB, Cheung AL, Zengler K, Horswill AR, Gallo RL. Quorum sensing between bacterial species on the skin protects against epidermal injury in atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med. 2019 05 01; 11(490). PMID: 31043573.
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    93. Kwiecinski JM, Jacobsson G, Horswill AR, Josefsson E, Jin T. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates correlates with the infection type. Infect Dis (Lond). 2019 06; 51(6):446-451. PMID: 30985241.
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    94. Jenul C, Horswill AR. Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. Microbiol Spectr. 2019 04 05; 7(2). PMID: 30953424.
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    95. Parlet CP, Kavanaugh JS, Crosby HA, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Todd DA, Pearce CJ, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Horswill AR. Apicidin Attenuates MRSA Virulence through Quorum-Sensing Inhibition and Enhanced Host Defense. Cell Rep. 2019 04 02; 27(1):187-198.e6. PMID: 30943400.
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    96. Tian X, Hellman J, Horswill AR, Crosby HA, Francis KP, Prakash A. Corrigendum: Elevated Gut Microbiome-Derived Propionate Levels Are Associated With Reduced Sterile Lung Inflammation and Bacterial Immunity in Mice. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:518. PMID: 30972040.
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    97. Parlet CP, Brown MM, Horswill AR. Commensal Staphylococci Influence Staphylococcus aureus Skin Colonization and Disease. Trends Microbiol. 2019 06; 27(6):497-507. PMID: 30846311.
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    98. Tian X, Hellman J, Horswill AR, Crosby HA, Francis KP, Prakash A. Elevated Gut Microbiome-Derived Propionate Levels Are Associated With Reduced Sterile Lung Inflammation and Bacterial Immunity in Mice. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:159. PMID: 30891007.
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    99. Trivedi U, Madsen JS, Everett J, Fell C, Russel J, Haaber J, Crosby HA, Horswill AR, Burm?lle M, Rumbaugh KP, S?rensen SJ. Staphylococcus aureus coagulases are exploitable yet stable public goods in clinically relevant conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 12 11; 115(50):E11771-E11779. PMID: 30463950.
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    100. Loftus RW, Dexter F, Robinson ADM, Horswill AR. Desiccation tolerance is associated with Staphylococcus aureus hypertransmissibility, resistance and infection development in the operating room. J Hosp Infect. 2018 Nov; 100(3):299-308. PMID: 29966756.
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    101. Urbano R, Karlinsey JE, Libby SJ, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Warheit-Niemi HI, Liggitt DH, Horswill AR, Fang FC. Host Nitric Oxide Disrupts Microbial Cell-to-Cell Communication to Inhibit Staphylococcal Virulence. Cell Host Microbe. 2018 05 09; 23(5):594-606.e7. PMID: 29706505.
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    102. Chen Y, Crosby HA, Oosthuysen WF, Diekema DJ, Kelley ST, Horswill AR. Draft Genome Sequence of USA100 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain 209. Genome Announc. 2018 Jan 04; 6(1). PMID: 29301880.
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    103. Quave CL, Horswill AR. Identification of Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing Inhibitors by Quantification of ?-Hemolysin with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol. 2018; 1673:363-370. PMID: 29130186.
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    104. Paharik AE, Parlet CP, Chung N, Todd DA, Rodriguez EI, Van Dyke MJ, Cech NB, Horswill AR. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Strain Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Skin Infection by Blocking Quorum Sensing. Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Dec 13; 22(6):746-756.e5. PMID: 29199097.
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    105. Todd DA, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Malone CL, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Signal Biosynthesis Inhibition with Ambuic Acid as a Strategy To Target Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 08; 61(8). PMID: 28607020.
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    106. Nicholson TL, Brockmeier SL, Sukumar N, Paharik AE, Lister JL, Horswill AR, Kehrli ME, Loving CL, Shore SM, Deora R. The Bordetella Bps Polysaccharide Is Required for Biofilm Formation and Enhances Survival in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Swine. Infect Immun. 2017 08; 85(8). PMID: 28559403.
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    107. Mishra S, Horswill AR. Heparin Mimics Extracellular DNA in Binding to Cell Surface-Localized Proteins and Promoting Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. mSphere. 2017 May-Jun; 2(3). PMID: 28656173.
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    108. Muhs A, Lyles JT, Parlet CP, Nelson K, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Virulence Inhibitors from Brazilian Peppertree Block Quorum Sensing and Abate Dermonecrosis in Skin Infection Models. Sci Rep. 2017 02 10; 7:42275. PMID: 28186134.
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    109. Paharik AE, Kotasinska M, Both A, Hoang TN, B?ttner H, Roy P, Fey PD, Horswill AR, Rohde H. The metalloprotease SepA governs processing of accumulation-associated protein and shapes intercellular adhesive surface properties in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mol Microbiol. 2017 03; 103(5):860-874. PMID: 27997732.
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    110. Paharik AE, Salgado-Pabon W, Meyerholz DK, White MJ, Schlievert PM, Horswill AR. The Spl Serine Proteases Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Protein Production and Virulence in a Rabbit Model of Pneumonia. mSphere. 2016 Sep-Oct; 1(5). PMID: 27747296.
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    111. Schaeffer CR, Hoang TN, Sudbeck CM, Alawi M, Tolo IE, Robinson DA, Horswill AR, Rohde H, Fey PD. Versatility of Biofilm Matrix Molecules in Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates and Importance of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Expression during High Shear Stress. mSphere. 2016 Sep-Oct; 1(5). PMID: 27747298.
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    112. Quave CL, Lyles JT, Kavanaugh JS, Nelson K, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR. Correction: Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. PLoS One. 2016; 11(9):e0163655. PMID: 27657727.
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    113. Gordon CP, Olson SD, Lister JL, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Truncated Autoinducing Peptides as Antagonists of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Quorum Sensing. J Med Chem. 2016 10 13; 59(19):8879-8888. PMID: 27585401.
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    114. Crosby HA, Kwiecinski J, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus Aggregation and Coagulation Mechanisms, and Their Function in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2016; 96:1-41. PMID: 27565579.
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    115. Todd DA, Zich DB, Ettefagh KA, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry for quantitative measurement of quorum sensing inhibition. J Microbiol Methods. 2016 08; 127:89-94. PMID: 27237773.
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    116. Ibberson CB, Parlet CP, Kwiecinski J, Crosby HA, Meyerholz DK, Horswill AR. Hyaluronan Modulation Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection. Infect Immun. 2016 06; 84(6):1917-1929. PMID: 27068096.
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    117. Yang T, Tal-Gan Y, Paharik AE, Horswill AR, Blackwell HE. Structure-Function Analyses of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Autoinducing Peptide Reveals Motifs Critical for AgrC-type Receptor Modulation. ACS Chem Biol. 2016 07 15; 11(7):1982-91. PMID: 27159024.
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    118. Crosby HA, Schlievert PM, Merriman JA, King JM, Salgado-Pab?n W, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus Global Regulator MgrA Modulates Clumping and Virulence by Controlling Surface Protein Expression. PLoS Pathog. 2016 05; 12(5):e1005604. PMID: 27144398.
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    119. Mlynek KD, Callahan MT, Shimkevitch AV, Farmer JT, Endres JL, Marchand M, Bayles KW, Horswill AR, Kaplan JB. Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 05; 60(5):2639-51. PMID: 26856828.
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    120. Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Impact of Environmental Cues on Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Development. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jun 10; 291(24):12556-12564. PMID: 27129223.
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    121. Herrera A, Vu BG, Stach CS, Merriman JA, Horswill AR, Salgado-Pab?n W, Schlievert PM. Staphylococcus aureus ?-Toxin Mutants Are Defective in Biofilm Ligase and Sphingomyelinase Activity, and Causation of Infective Endocarditis and Sepsis. Biochemistry. 2016 05 03; 55(17):2510-7. PMID: 27015018.
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    122. Paharik AE, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, Regulation, and Host Response. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 04; 4(2). PMID: 27227309.
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    123. Kiedrowski MR, Paharik AE, Ackermann LW, Shelton AU, Singh SB, Starner TD, Horswill AR. Development of an in vitro colonization model to investigate Staphylococcus aureus interactions with airway epithelia. Cell Microbiol. 2016 May; 18(5):720-32. PMID: 26566259.
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    124. Britton ER, Ibberson CB, Horswill AR, Cech NB. A new mass spectrometry based bioassay for the direct assessment of hyaluronidase activity and inhibition. J Microbiol Methods. 2015 Dec; 119:163-7. PMID: 26519769.
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    125. Scherr TD, Hanke ML, Huang O, James DB, Horswill AR, Bayles KW, Fey PD, Torres VJ, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Induce Macrophage Dysfunction Through Leukocidin AB and Alpha-Toxin. mBio. 2015 Aug 25; 6(4). PMID: 26307164.
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    126. Quave CL, Lyles JT, Kavanaugh JS, Nelson K, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR. Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8):e0136486. PMID: 26295163.
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    127. Decker R, Burdelski C, Zobiak M, B?ttner H, Franke G, Christner M, Sa? K, Zobiak B, Henke HA, Horswill AR, Bischoff M, Bur S, Hartmann T, Schaeffer CR, Fey PD, Rohde H. An 18 kDa scaffold protein is critical for Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar; 11(3):e1004735. PMID: 25799153.
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    128. Mootz JM, Benson MA, Heim CE, Crosby HA, Kavanaugh JS, Dunman PM, Kielian T, Torres VJ, Horswill AR. Rot is a key regulator of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol. 2015 Apr; 96(2):388-404. PMID: 25612137.
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    129. Daly SM, Elmore BO, Kavanaugh JS, Triplett KD, Figueroa M, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Crosby HA, Femling JK, Cech NB, Horswill AR, Oberlies NH, Hall PR. ?-Hydroxyemodin limits staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing-mediated pathogenesis and inflammation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr; 59(4):2223-35. PMID: 25645827.
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    130. Parlet CP, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Schlueter AJ. Chronic ethanol feeding increases the severity of Staphylococcus aureus skin infections by altering local host defenses. J Leukoc Biol. 2015 Apr; 97(4):769-78. PMID: 25605871.
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    131. Lister JL, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: recent developments in biofilm dispersal. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014; 4:178. PMID: 25566513.
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    132. Abou Alaiwa MH, Reznikov LR, Gansemer ND, Sheets KA, Horswill AR, Stoltz DA, Zabner J, Welsh MJ. pH modulates the activity and synergism of the airway surface liquid antimicrobials ?-defensin-3 and LL-37. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 30; 111(52):18703-8. PMID: 25512526.
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    133. Quave CL, Horswill AR. Flipping the switch: tools for detecting small molecule inhibitors of staphylococcal virulence. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5:706. PMID: 25566220.
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    134. Schaeffer CR, Woods KM, Longo GM, Kiedrowski MR, Paharik AE, B?ttner H, Christner M, Boissy RJ, Horswill AR, Rohde H, Fey PD. Accumulation-associated protein enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation under dynamic conditions and is required for infection in a rat catheter model. Infect Immun. 2015 Jan; 83(1):214-26. PMID: 25332125.
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    135. Moormeier DE, Bose JL, Horswill AR, Bayles KW. Temporal and stochastic control of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development. mBio. 2014 Oct 14; 5(5):e01341-14. PMID: 25316695.
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    136. DeLeon S, Clinton A, Fowler H, Everett J, Horswill AR, Rumbaugh KP. Synergistic interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro wound model. Infect Immun. 2014 Nov; 82(11):4718-28. PMID: 25156721.
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    137. Olson ME, Todd DA, Schaeffer CR, Paharik AE, Van Dyke MJ, B?ttner H, Dunman PM, Rohde H, Cech NB, Fey PD, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis agr quorum-sensing system: signal identification, cross talk, and importance in colonization. J Bacteriol. 2014 Oct; 196(19):3482-93. PMID: 25070736.
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    138. Ibberson CB, Jones CL, Singh S, Wise MC, Hart ME, Zurawski DV, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus hyaluronidase is a CodY-regulated virulence factor. Infect Immun. 2014 Oct; 82(10):4253-64. PMID: 25069977.
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    139. Sully EK, Malachowa N, Elmore BO, Alexander SM, Femling JK, Gray BM, DeLeo FR, Otto M, Cheung AL, Edwards BS, Sklar LA, Horswill AR, Hall PR, Gresham HD. Selective chemical inhibition of agr quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus promotes host defense with minimal impact on resistance. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jun; 10(6):e1004174. PMID: 24945495.
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    140. Figueroa M, Jarmusch AK, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cooks RG, Cech NB, Oberlies NH. Polyhydroxyanthraquinones as quorum sensing inhibitors from the guttates of Penicillium restrictum and their analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Nat Prod. 2014 Jun 27; 77(6):1351-8. PMID: 24911880.
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    141. Flack CE, Zurek OW, Meishery DD, Pallister KB, Malone CL, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. Differential regulation of staphylococcal virulence by the sensor kinase SaeS in response to neutrophil-derived stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 13; 111(19):E2037-45. PMID: 24782537.
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    142. Kiedrowski MR, Crosby HA, Hernandez FJ, Malone CL, McNamara JO, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus Nuc2 is a functional, surface-attached extracellular nuclease. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e95574. PMID: 24752186.
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    143. Sommerfeld Ross S, Tu MH, Falsetta ML, Ketterer MR, Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR, Apicella MA, Reinhardt JM, Fiegel J. Quantification of confocal images of biofilms grown on irregular surfaces. J Microbiol Methods. 2014 May; 100:111-20. PMID: 24632515.
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    144. Hernandez FJ, Huang L, Olson ME, Powers KM, Hernandez LI, Meyerholz DK, Thedens DR, Behlke MA, Horswill AR, McNamara JO. Noninvasive imaging of Staphylococcus aureus infections with a nuclease-activated probe. Nat Med. 2014 Mar; 20(3):301-6. PMID: 24487433.
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    145. White MJ, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C contributes to survival of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in human blood and neutrophils. Infect Immun. 2014 Apr; 82(4):1559-71. PMID: 24452683.
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    146. Olson ME, Horswill AR. Bacteriophage Transduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods Mol Biol. 2014; 1106:167-72. PMID: 24222465.
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    147. Snowden JN, Beaver M, Beenken K, Smeltzer M, Horswill AR, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus sarA regulates inflammation and colonization during central nervous system biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(12):e84089. PMID: 24386336.
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    148. Walker JN, Crosby HA, Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pab?n W, Malone CL, Rosenthal CB, Schlievert PM, Boyd JM, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system is a novel regulator of agglutination and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(12):e1003819. PMID: 24367264.
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    149. Cech NB, Horswill AR. Small-molecule quorum quenchers to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection. Future Microbiol. 2013 Dec; 8(12):1511-4. PMID: 24266350.
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    150. Pang YY, Schwartz J, Bloomberg S, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Methionine sulfoxide reductases protect against oxidative stress in Staphylococcus aureus encountering exogenous oxidants and human neutrophils. J Innate Immun. 2014; 6(3):353-64. PMID: 24247266.
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    151. Chiu IM, Heesters BA, Ghasemlou N, Von Hehn CA, Zhao F, Tran J, Wainger B, Strominger A, Muralidharan S, Horswill AR, Bubeck Wardenburg J, Hwang SW, Carroll MC, Woolf CJ. Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation. Nature. 2013 Sep 05; 501(7465):52-7. PMID: 23965627.
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    152. Salgado-Pab?n W, Breshears L, Spaulding AR, Merriman JA, Stach CS, Horswill AR, Peterson ML, Schlievert PM. Superantigens are critical for Staphylococcus aureus Infective endocarditis, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. mBio. 2013 Aug 20; 4(4). PMID: 23963178.
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    153. Yu J, Madsen ML, Carruthers MD, Phillips GJ, Kavanaugh JS, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Minion FC. Analysis of autoinducer-2 quorum sensing in Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun. 2013 Nov; 81(11):4053-62. PMID: 23959719.
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    154. Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pab?n W, Kohler PL, Horswill AR, Leung DY, Schlievert PM. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul; 26(3):422-47. PMID: 23824366.
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    155. Zurek OW, Nygaard TK, Watkins RL, Pallister KB, Torres VJ, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. The role of innate immunity in promoting SaeR/S-mediated virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun. 2014; 6(1):21-30. PMID: 23816635.
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    156. Mootz JM, Malone CL, Shaw LN, Horswill AR. Staphopains modulate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm integrity. Infect Immun. 2013 Sep; 81(9):3227-38. PMID: 23798534.
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    157. Olson ME, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis: bad to the bone. Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Jun 12; 13(6):629-31. PMID: 23768487.
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    158. Junio HA, Todd DA, Ettefagh KA, Ehrmann BM, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Quantitative analysis of autoinducing peptide I (AIP-I) from Staphylococcus aureus cultures using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolving power mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Jul 01; 930:7-12. PMID: 23703543.
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    159. LaRock CN, Yu J, Horswill AR, Parsek MR, Minion FC. Transcriptome analysis of acyl-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing regulation in Yersinia pestis [corrected]. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e62337. PMID: 23620823.
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    160. Moormeier DE, Endres JL, Mann EE, Sadykov MR, Horswill AR, Rice KC, Fey PD, Bayles KW. Use of microfluidic technology to analyze gene expression during Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation reveals distinct physiological niches. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jun; 79(11):3413-24. PMID: 23524683.
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    161. Hall PR, Elmore BO, Spang CH, Alexander SM, Manifold-Wheeler BC, Castleman MJ, Daly SM, Peterson MM, Sully EK, Femling JK, Otto M, Horswill AR, Timmins GS, Gresham HD. Nox2 modification of LDL is essential for optimal apolipoprotein B-mediated control of agr type III Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Feb; 9(2):e1003166. PMID: 23459693.
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    162. Olson ME, King JM, Yahr TL, Horswill AR. Sialic acid catabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 2013 Apr; 195(8):1779-88. PMID: 23396916.
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    163. Olson ME, Nygaard TK, Ackermann L, Watkins RL, Zurek OW, Pallister KB, Griffith S, Kiedrowski MR, Flack CE, Kavanaugh JS, Kreiswirth BN, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. Staphylococcus aureus nuclease is an SaeRS-dependent virulence factor. Infect Immun. 2013 Apr; 81(4):1316-24. PMID: 23381999.
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    164. Abdelhady W, Bayer AS, Seidl K, Nast CC, Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR, Yeaman MR, Xiong YQ. Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in an in vitro catheter-related biofilm model correlates with poor therapeutic outcomes in experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Mar; 57(3):1447-54. PMID: 23295925.
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    165. Arnison PG, Bibb MJ, Bierbaum G, Bowers AA, Bugni TS, Bulaj G, Camarero JA, Campopiano DJ, Challis GL, Clardy J, Cotter PD, Craik DJ, Dawson M, Dittmann E, Donadio S, Dorrestein PC, Entian KD, Fischbach MA, Garavelli JS, G?ransson U, Gruber CW, Haft DH, Hemscheidt TK, Hertweck C, Hill C, Horswill AR, Jaspars M, Kelly WL, Klinman JP, Kuipers OP, Link AJ, Liu W, Marahiel MA, Mitchell DA, Moll GN, Moore BS, M?ller R, Nair SK, Nes IF, Norris GE, Olivera BM, Onaka H, Patchett ML, Piel J, Reaney MJ, Rebuffat S, Ross RP, Sahl HG, Schmidt EW, Selsted ME, Severinov K, Shen B, Sivonen K, Smith L, Stein T, S?ssmuth RD, Tagg JR, Tang GL, Truman AW, Vederas JC, Walsh CT, Walton JD, Wenzel SC, Willey JM, van der Donk WA. Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature. Nat Prod Rep. 2013 Jan; 30(1):108-60. PMID: 23165928.
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    166. Kolar SL, Ibarra JA, Rivera FE, Mootz JM, Davenport JE, Stevens SM, Horswill AR, Shaw LN. Extracellular proteases are key mediators of Staphylococcus aureus virulence via the global modulation of virulence-determinant stability. Microbiologyopen. 2013 Feb; 2(1):18-34. PMID: 23233325.
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    167. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Random mutagenesis and topology analysis of the autoinducing peptide biosynthesis proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol. 2013 Jan; 87(2):318-37. PMID: 23216863.
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    168. Zielinska AK, Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Spencer HJ, Post GR, Skinner RA, Tackett AJ, Horswill AR, Smeltzer MS. sarA-mediated repression of protease production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 isolates. Mol Microbiol. 2012 Dec; 86(5):1183-96. PMID: 23075270.
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    169. Kaplan JB, Izano EA, Gopal P, Karwacki MT, Kim S, Bose JL, Bayles KW, Horswill AR. Low levels of ?-lactam antibiotics induce extracellular DNA release and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio. 2012; 3(4):e00198-12. PMID: 22851659.
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    170. Laarman AJ, Mijnheer G, Mootz JM, van Rooijen WJ, Ruyken M, Malone CL, Heezius EC, Ward R, Milligan G, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ, Horswill AR, van Kessel KP, Rooijakkers SH. Staphylococcus aureus Staphopain A inhibits CXCR2-dependent neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. EMBO J. 2012 Aug 29; 31(17):3607-19. PMID: 22850671.
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    171. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Swimming cells promote a dynamic environment within biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 07; 109(32):12848-9. PMID: 22847434.
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    172. Cech NB, Junio HA, Ackermann LW, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Quorum quenching and antimicrobial activity of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Planta Med. 2012 Sep; 78(14):1556-61. PMID: 22814821.
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    173. Pezzulo AA, Tang XX, Hoegger MJ, Abou Alaiwa MH, Ramachandran S, Moninger TO, Karp PH, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Haagsman HP, van Eijk M, B?nfi B, Horswill AR, Stoltz DA, McCray PB, Welsh MJ, Zabner J. Reduced airway surface pH impairs bacterial killing in the porcine cystic fibrosis lung. Nature. 2012 Jul 04; 487(7405):109-13. PMID: 22763554.
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    174. Nygaard TK, Pallister KB, DuMont AL, DeWald M, Watkins RL, Pallister EQ, Malone C, Griffith S, Horswill AR, Torres VJ, Voyich JM. Alpha-toxin induces programmed cell death of human T cells, B cells, and monocytes during USA300 infection. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e36532. PMID: 22574180.
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    175. Walker JN, Horswill AR. A coverslip-based technique for evaluating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on human plasma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012; 2:39. PMID: 22919630.
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    176. Gonzalez DJ, Okumura CY, Hollands A, Kersten R, Akong-Moore K, Pence MA, Malone CL, Derieux J, Moore BS, Horswill AR, Dixon JE, Dorrestein PC, Nizet V. Novel phenol-soluble modulin derivatives in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus identified through imaging mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 20; 287(17):13889-98. PMID: 22371493.
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    177. Hernandez FJ, Stockdale KR, Huang L, Horswill AR, Behlke MA, McNamara JO. Degradation of nuclease-stabilized RNA oligonucleotides in Mycoplasma-contaminated cell culture media. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2012 Feb; 22(1):58-68. PMID: 22229275.
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    178. Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR. New approaches for treating staphylococcal biofilm infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec; 1241:104-21. PMID: 22191529.
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    179. Kavanaugh JS, Gakhar L, Horswill AR. The structure of LsrB from Yersinia pestis complexed with autoinducer-2. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Dec 01; 67(Pt 12):1501-5. PMID: 22139152.
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    180. Kiedrowski MR, Kavanaugh JS, Malone CL, Mootz JM, Voyich JM, Smeltzer MS, Bayles KW, Horswill AR. Nuclease modulates biofilm formation in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One. 2011; 6(11):e26714. PMID: 22096493.
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    181. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol. 2011 Sep; 19(9):449-55. PMID: 21784640.
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    182. W?rmann ME, Reichmann NT, Malone CL, Horswill AR, Gr?ndling A. Proteolytic cleavage inactivates the Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid synthase. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19):5279-91. PMID: 21784926.
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    183. Lin YC, Anderson MJ, Kohler PL, Strandberg KL, Olson ME, Horswill AR, Schlievert PM, Peterson ML. Proinflammatory exoprotein characterization of toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemistry. 2011 Aug 23; 50(33):7157-67. PMID: 21749039.
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    184. Benson MA, Lilo S, Wasserman GA, Thoendel M, Smith A, Horswill AR, Fraser J, Novick RP, Shopsin B, Torres VJ. Staphylococcus aureus regulates the expression and production of the staphylococcal superantigen-like secreted proteins in a Rot-dependent manner. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Aug; 81(3):659-75. PMID: 21651625.
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    185. Thurlow LR, Hanke ML, Fritz T, Angle A, Aldrich A, Williams SH, Engebretsen IL, Bayles KW, Horswill AR, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo. J Immunol. 2011 Jun 01; 186(11):6585-96. PMID: 21525381.
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    186. Laarman AJ, Ruyken M, Malone CL, van Strijp JA, Horswill AR, Rooijakkers SH. Staphylococcus aureus metalloprotease aureolysin cleaves complement C3 to mediate immune evasion. J Immunol. 2011 Jun 01; 186(11):6445-53. PMID: 21502375.
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    187. Kirchdoerfer RN, Garner AL, Flack CE, Mee JM, Horswill AR, Janda KD, Kaufmann GF, Wilson IA. Structural basis for ligand recognition and discrimination of a quorum-quenching antibody. J Biol Chem. 2011 May 13; 286(19):17351-8. PMID: 21454495.
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    188. Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Flack CE, Horswill AR. Peptide signaling in the staphylococci. Chem Rev. 2011 Jan 12; 111(1):117-51. PMID: 21174435.
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    189. Hammond AA, Miller KG, Kruczek CJ, Dertien J, Colmer-Hamood JA, Griswold JA, Horswill AR, Hamood AN. An in vitro biofilm model to examine the effect of antibiotic ointments on biofilms produced by burn wound bacterial isolates. Burns. 2011 Mar; 37(2):312-21. PMID: 21130579.
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    190. Berends ET, Horswill AR, Haste NM, Monestier M, Nizet V, von K?ckritz-Blickwede M. Nuclease expression by Staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps. J Innate Immun. 2010; 2(6):576-86. PMID: 20829609.
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    191. Pang YY, Schwartz J, Thoendel M, Ackermann LW, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. agr-Dependent interactions of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Innate Immun. 2010; 2(6):546-59. PMID: 20829608.
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    192. Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Griffin LM, Zielinska AK, Shaw LN, Rice KC, Horswill AR, Bayles KW, Smeltzer MS. Epistatic relationships between sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2010 May 24; 5(5):e10790. PMID: 20520723.
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    193. Stoltz DA, Meyerholz DK, Pezzulo AA, Ramachandran S, Rogan MP, Davis GJ, Hanfland RA, Wohlford-Lenane C, Dohrn CL, Bartlett JA, Nelson GA, Chang EH, Taft PJ, Ludwig PS, Estin M, Hornick EE, Launspach JL, Samuel M, Rokhlina T, Karp PH, Ostedgaard LS, Uc A, Starner TD, Horswill AR, Brogden KA, Prather RS, Richter SS, Shilyansky J, McCray PB, Zabner J, Welsh MJ. Cystic fibrosis pigs develop lung disease and exhibit defective bacterial eradication at birth. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Apr 28; 2(29):29ra31. PMID: 20427821.
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    194. Boles BR, Thoendel M, Roth AJ, Horswill AR. Identification of genes involved in polysaccharide-independent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2010 Apr 14; 5(4):e10146. PMID: 20418950.
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    195. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Biosynthesis of peptide signals in gram-positive bacteria. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2010; 71:91-112. PMID: 20378052.
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    196. Lauderdale KJ, Malone CL, Boles BR, Morcuende J, Horswill AR. Biofilm dispersal of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on orthopedic implant material. J Orthop Res. 2010 Jan; 28(1):55-61. PMID: 19610092.
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    197. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus AgrD residues required for autoinducing peptide biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 14; 284(33):21828-21838. PMID: 19520867.
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    198. Mann EE, Rice KC, Boles BR, Endres JL, Ranjit D, Chandramohan L, Tsang LH, Smeltzer MS, Horswill AR, Bayles KW. Modulation of eDNA release and degradation affects Staphylococcus aureus biofilm maturation. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 09; 4(6):e5822. PMID: 19513119.
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    199. Malone CL, Boles BR, Lauderdale KJ, Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Fluorescent reporters for Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Methods. 2009 Jun; 77(3):251-60. PMID: 19264102.
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    200. Lauderdale KJ, Boles BR, Cheung AL, Horswill AR. Interconnections between Sigma B, agr, and proteolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm maturation. Infect Immun. 2009 Apr; 77(4):1623-35. PMID: 19188357.
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    201. Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Host interception of bacterial communication signals. Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Dec 11; 4(6):507-9. PMID: 19064249.
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    202. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 2008 Apr 25; 4(4):e1000052. PMID: 18437240.
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    203. Malone CL, Boles BR, Horswill AR. Biosynthesis of Staphylococcus aureus autoinducing peptides by using the synechocystis DnaB mini-intein. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Oct; 73(19):6036-44. PMID: 17693565.
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    204. Kavanaugh JS, Thoendel M, Horswill AR. A role for type I signal peptidase in Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing. Mol Microbiol. 2007 Aug; 65(3):780-98. PMID: 17608791.
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    205. Cheng L, Naumann TA, Horswill AR, Hong SJ, Venters BJ, Tomsho JW, Benkovic SJ, Keiler KC. Discovery of antibacterial cyclic peptides that inhibit the ClpXP protease. Protein Sci. 2007 Aug; 16(8):1535-42. PMID: 17600141.
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    206. Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ. Identifying small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2006 Dec; Chapter 19:19.15.1-19.15.19. PMID: 18429304.
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    207. Horswill AR, Stoodley P, Stewart PS, Parsek MR. The effect of the chemical, biological, and physical environment on quorum sensing in structured microbial communities. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Jan; 387(2):371-80. PMID: 17047948.
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    208. Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ. Cyclic peptides, a chemical genetics tool for biologists. Cell Cycle. 2005 Apr; 4(4):552-5. PMID: 15876867.
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    209. Horswill AR, Savinov SN, Benkovic SJ. A systematic method for identifying small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 02; 101(44):15591-6. PMID: 15498867.
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    210. Lewis JA, Horswill AR, Schwem BE, Escalante-Semerena JC. The Tricarballylate utilization (tcuRABC) genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol. 2004 Mar; 186(6):1629-37. PMID: 14996793.
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    211. Saraf MC, Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ, Maranas CD. FamClash: a method for ranking the activity of engineered enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23; 101(12):4142-7. PMID: 14981242.
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    212. Horswill AR, Naumann TA, Benkovic SJ. Using incremental truncation to create libraries of hybrid enzymes. Methods Enzymol. 2004; 388:50-60. PMID: 15289061.
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    213. Gulick AM, Starai VJ, Horswill AR, Homick KM, Escalante-Semerena JC. The 1.75 A crystal structure of acetyl-CoA synthetase bound to adenosine-5'-propylphosphate and coenzyme A. Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18; 42(10):2866-73. PMID: 12627952.
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    214. Fonseca MV, Buan NR, Horswill AR, Rayment I, Escalante-Semerena JC. The ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (CobA) enzyme of Salmonella enterica requires the 2'-OH group of ATP for function and yields inorganic triphosphate as its reaction byproduct. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 06; 277(36):33127-31. PMID: 12080060.
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    215. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Characterization of the propionyl-CoA synthetase (PrpE) enzyme of Salmonella enterica: residue Lys592 is required for propionyl-AMP synthesis. Biochemistry. 2002 Feb 19; 41(7):2379-87. PMID: 11841231.
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    216. Gulick AM, Horswill AR, Thoden JB, Escalante-Semerena JC, Rayment I. Pentaerythritol propoxylate: a new crystallization agent and cryoprotectant induces crystal growth of 2-methylcitrate dehydratase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002 Feb; 58(Pt 2):306-9. PMID: 11807258.
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    217. Ciche TA, Bintrim SB, Horswill AR, Ensign JC. A Phosphopantetheinyl transferase homolog is essential for Photorhabdus luminescens to support growth and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. J Bacteriol. 2001 May; 183(10):3117-26. PMID: 11325940.
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    218. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. In vitro conversion of propionate to pyruvate by Salmonella enterica enzymes: 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (PrpD) and aconitase Enzymes catalyze the conversion of 2-methylcitrate to 2-methylisocitrate. Biochemistry. 2001 Apr 17; 40(15):4703-13. PMID: 11294638.
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    219. Horswill AR, Dudding AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Studies of propionate toxicity in Salmonella enterica identify 2-methylcitrate as a potent inhibitor of cell growth. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 01; 276(22):19094-101. PMID: 11376009.
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    220. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Salmonella typhimurium LT2 catabolizes propionate via the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. J Bacteriol. 1999 Sep; 181(18):5615-23. PMID: 10482501.
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    221. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. The prpE gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 encodes propionyl-CoA synthetase. Microbiology (Reading). 1999 Jun; 145 ( Pt 6):1381-1388. PMID: 10411265.
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    222. Tsang AW, Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Studies of regulation of expression of the propionate (prpBCDE) operon provide insights into how Salmonella typhimurium LT2 integrates its 1,2-propanediol and propionate catabolic pathways. J Bacteriol. 1998 Dec; 180(24):6511-8. PMID: 9851993.
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    223. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Propionate catabolism in Salmonella typhimurium LT2: two divergently transcribed units comprise the prp locus at 8.5 centisomes, prpR encodes a member of the sigma-54 family of activators, and the prpBCDE genes constitute an operon. J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb; 179(3):928-40. PMID: 9006051.
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    224. Rondon MR, Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. DNA polymerase I function is required for the utilization of ethanolamine, 1,2-propanediol, and propionate by Salmonella typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec; 177(24):7119-24. PMID: 8522518.
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