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Alexander R. Horswill

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-Immunology Microbiology
Phone303/724-4224

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    R01AI078921     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jul 15, 2008 - Sep 30, 2013
    NIH/NIAID
    Quorum sensing-dependent interactions with biofilms and innate immunity defenses
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21AI081970     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jun 1, 2009 - May 31, 2011
    NIH/NIAID
    The Role of Sigma Factor B in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01BX002711     (HORSWILL, ALEXANDER R)Jul 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2019
    VA
    Quorum Sensing Dependent Interactions with Biofilms and Innate Immunity Defenses
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Todd DA, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Malone CL, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Signal Biosynthesis Inhibition with Ambuic Acid as a Strategy To Target Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Aug; 61(8). PMID: 28607020.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Nicholson TL, Brockmeier SL, Sukumar N, Paharik AE, Lister JL, Horswill AR, Kehrli ME, Loving CL, Shore SM, Deora R. The Bordetella Bps Polysaccharide Is Required for Biofilm Formation and Enhances Survival in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Swine. Infect Immun. 2017 Aug; 85(8). PMID: 28559403.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Mishra S, Horswill AR. Heparin Mimics Extracellular DNA in Binding to Cell Surface-Localized Proteins and Promoting Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. mSphere. 2017 May-Jun; 2(3). PMID: 28656173.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Muhs A, Lyles JT, Parlet CP, Nelson K, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Virulence Inhibitors from Brazilian Peppertree Block Quorum Sensing and Abate Dermonecrosis in Skin Infection Models. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 10; 7:42275. PMID: 28186134.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Paharik AE, Kotasinska M, Both A, Hoang TN, Büttner H, Roy P, Fey PD, Horswill AR, Rohde H. The metalloprotease SepA governs processing of accumulation-associated protein and shapes intercellular adhesive surface properties in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mol Microbiol. 2017 Mar; 103(5):860-874. PMID: 27997732.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Paharik AE, Salgado-Pabon W, Meyerholz DK, White MJ, Schlievert PM, Horswill AR. The Spl Serine Proteases Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Protein Production and Virulence in a Rabbit Model of Pneumonia. mSphere. 2016 Sep-Oct; 1(5). PMID: 27747296.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Schaeffer CR, Hoang TN, Sudbeck CM, Alawi M, Tolo IE, Robinson DA, Horswill AR, Rohde H, Fey PD. Versatility of Biofilm Matrix Molecules in Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates and Importance of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Expression during High Shear Stress. mSphere. 2016 Sep-Oct; 1(5). PMID: 27747298.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Quave CL, Lyles JT, Kavanaugh JS, Nelson K, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR. Correction: Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. PLoS One. 2016; 11(9):e0163655. PMID: 27657727.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Gordon CP, Olson SD, Lister JL, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Truncated Autoinducing Peptides as Antagonists of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Quorum Sensing. J Med Chem. 2016 Oct 13; 59(19):8879-8888. PMID: 27585401.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Todd DA, Zich DB, Ettefagh KA, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry for quantitative measurement of quorum sensing inhibition. J Microbiol Methods. 2016 Aug; 127:89-94. PMID: 27237773.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Ibberson CB, Parlet CP, Kwiecinski J, Crosby HA, Meyerholz DK, Horswill AR. Hyaluronan Modulation Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection. Infect Immun. 2016 Jun; 84(6):1917-29. PMID: 27068096; PMCID: PMC4907140 [Available on 11/24/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    12. Yang T, Tal-Gan Y, Paharik AE, Horswill AR, Blackwell HE. Structure-Function Analyses of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Autoinducing Peptide Reveals Motifs Critical for AgrC-type Receptor Modulation. ACS Chem Biol. 2016 Jul 15; 11(7):1982-91. PMID: 27159024; PMCID: PMC4946969.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    13. Crosby HA, Schlievert PM, Merriman JA, King JM, Salgado-Pabón W, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus Global Regulator MgrA Modulates Clumping and Virulence by Controlling Surface Protein Expression. PLoS Pathog. 2016 May; 12(5):e1005604. PMID: 27144398; PMCID: PMC4856396.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    14. Mlynek KD, Callahan MT, Shimkevitch AV, Farmer JT, Endres JL, Marchand M, Bayles KW, Horswill AR, Kaplan JB. Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 May; 60(5):2639-51. PMID: 26856828; PMCID: PMC4862544 [Available on 11/01/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    15. Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Impact of Environmental Cues on Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Development. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jun 10; 291(24):12556-64. PMID: 27129223; PMCID: PMC4933443 [Available on 06/10/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    16. Herrera A, Vu BG, Stach CS, Merriman JA, Horswill AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Schlievert PM. Staphylococcus aureus ß-Toxin Mutants Are Defective in Biofilm Ligase and Sphingomyelinase Activity, and Causation of Infective Endocarditis and Sepsis. Biochemistry. 2016 May 03; 55(17):2510-7. PMID: 27015018.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Paharik AE, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, Regulation, and Host Response. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Apr; 4(2). PMID: 27227309; PMCID: PMC4887152 [Available on 10/01/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    18. Kiedrowski MR, Paharik AE, Ackermann LW, Shelton AU, Singh SB, Starner TD, Horswill AR. Development of an in vitro colonization model to investigate Staphylococcus aureus interactions with airway epithelia. Cell Microbiol. 2016 May; 18(5):720-32. PMID: 26566259; PMCID: PMC4840028 [Available on 05/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Britton ER, Ibberson CB, Horswill AR, Cech NB. A new mass spectrometry based bioassay for the direct assessment of hyaluronidase activity and inhibition. J Microbiol Methods. 2015 Dec; 119:163-7. PMID: 26519769; PMCID: PMC4663139 [Available on 12/01/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    20. Scherr TD, Hanke ML, Huang O, James DB, Horswill AR, Bayles KW, Fey PD, Torres VJ, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Induce Macrophage Dysfunction Through Leukocidin AB and Alpha-Toxin. MBio. 2015 Aug 25; 6(4). PMID: 26307164; PMCID: PMC4550693.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    21. Quave CL, Lyles JT, Kavanaugh JS, Nelson K, Parlet CP, Crosby HA, Heilmann KP, Horswill AR. Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8):e0136486. PMID: 26295163; PMCID: PMC4546677.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    22. Decker R, Burdelski C, Zobiak M, Büttner H, Franke G, Christner M, Saß K, Zobiak B, Henke HA, Horswill AR, Bischoff M, Bur S, Hartmann T, Schaeffer CR, Fey PD, Rohde H. An 18 kDa scaffold protein is critical for Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar; 11(3):e1004735. PMID: 25799153; PMCID: PMC4370877.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    23. Mootz JM, Benson MA, Heim CE, Crosby HA, Kavanaugh JS, Dunman PM, Kielian T, Torres VJ, Horswill AR. Rot is a key regulator of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol. 2015 Apr; 96(2):388-404. PMID: 25612137; PMCID: PMC4467170.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Daly SM, Elmore BO, Kavanaugh JS, Triplett KD, Figueroa M, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Crosby HA, Femling JK, Cech NB, Horswill AR, Oberlies NH, Hall PR. ?-Hydroxyemodin limits staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing-mediated pathogenesis and inflammation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr; 59(4):2223-35. PMID: 25645827; PMCID: PMC4356798.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    25. Parlet CP, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Schlueter AJ. Chronic ethanol feeding increases the severity of Staphylococcus aureus skin infections by altering local host defenses. J Leukoc Biol. 2015 Apr; 97(4):769-78. PMID: 25605871; PMCID: PMC4370047.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    26. Lister JL, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: recent developments in biofilm dispersal. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014; 4:178. PMID: 25566513; PMCID: PMC4275032.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    27. Abou Alaiwa MH, Reznikov LR, Gansemer ND, Sheets KA, Horswill AR, Stoltz DA, Zabner J, Welsh MJ. pH modulates the activity and synergism of the airway surface liquid antimicrobials ß-defensin-3 and LL-37. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 30; 111(52):18703-8. PMID: 25512526; PMCID: PMC4284593.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    28. Quave CL, Horswill AR. Flipping the switch: tools for detecting small molecule inhibitors of staphylococcal virulence. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5:706. PMID: 25566220; PMCID: PMC4264471.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    29. Schaeffer CR, Woods KM, Longo GM, Kiedrowski MR, Paharik AE, Büttner H, Christner M, Boissy RJ, Horswill AR, Rohde H, Fey PD. Accumulation-associated protein enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation under dynamic conditions and is required for infection in a rat catheter model. Infect Immun. 2015 Jan; 83(1):214-26. PMID: 25332125; PMCID: PMC4288872.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    30. Moormeier DE, Bose JL, Horswill AR, Bayles KW. Temporal and stochastic control of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development. MBio. 2014 Oct 14; 5(5):e01341-14. PMID: 25316695; PMCID: PMC4205790.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    31. DeLeon S, Clinton A, Fowler H, Everett J, Horswill AR, Rumbaugh KP. Synergistic interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro wound model. Infect Immun. 2014 Nov; 82(11):4718-28. PMID: 25156721; PMCID: PMC4249327.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    32. Olson ME, Todd DA, Schaeffer CR, Paharik AE, Van Dyke MJ, Büttner H, Dunman PM, Rohde H, Cech NB, Fey PD, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis agr quorum-sensing system: signal identification, cross talk, and importance in colonization. J Bacteriol. 2014 Oct; 196(19):3482-93. PMID: 25070736; PMCID: PMC4187671.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    33. Ibberson CB, Jones CL, Singh S, Wise MC, Hart ME, Zurawski DV, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus hyaluronidase is a CodY-regulated virulence factor. Infect Immun. 2014 Oct; 82(10):4253-64. PMID: 25069977; PMCID: PMC4187871.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    34. Sully EK, Malachowa N, Elmore BO, Alexander SM, Femling JK, Gray BM, DeLeo FR, Otto M, Cheung AL, Edwards BS, Sklar LA, Horswill AR, Hall PR, Gresham HD. Selective chemical inhibition of agr quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus promotes host defense with minimal impact on resistance. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jun; 10(6):e1004174. PMID: 24945495; PMCID: PMC4055767.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    35. Figueroa M, Jarmusch AK, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cooks RG, Cech NB, Oberlies NH. Polyhydroxyanthraquinones as quorum sensing inhibitors from the guttates of Penicillium restrictum and their analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Nat Prod. 2014 Jun 27; 77(6):1351-8. PMID: 24911880; PMCID: PMC4073659.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    36. Flack CE, Zurek OW, Meishery DD, Pallister KB, Malone CL, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. Differential regulation of staphylococcal virulence by the sensor kinase SaeS in response to neutrophil-derived stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 13; 111(19):E2037-45. PMID: 24782537; PMCID: PMC4024872.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    37. Kiedrowski MR, Crosby HA, Hernandez FJ, Malone CL, McNamara JO, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus Nuc2 is a functional, surface-attached extracellular nuclease. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e95574. PMID: 24752186; PMCID: PMC3994088.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    38. Sommerfeld Ross S, Tu MH, Falsetta ML, Ketterer MR, Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR, Apicella MA, Reinhardt JM, Fiegel J. Quantification of confocal images of biofilms grown on irregular surfaces. J Microbiol Methods. 2014 May; 100:111-20. PMID: 24632515; PMCID: PMC4041150.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    39. Hernandez FJ, Huang L, Olson ME, Powers KM, Hernandez LI, Meyerholz DK, Thedens DR, Behlke MA, Horswill AR, McNamara JO. Noninvasive imaging of Staphylococcus aureus infections with a nuclease-activated probe. Nat Med. 2014 Mar; 20(3):301-6. PMID: 24487433; PMCID: PMC3949172.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    40. White MJ, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C contributes to survival of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in human blood and neutrophils. Infect Immun. 2014 Apr; 82(4):1559-71. PMID: 24452683; PMCID: PMC3993399.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    41. Olson ME, Horswill AR. Bacteriophage Transduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods Mol Biol. 2014; 1106:167-72. PMID: 24222465; PMCID: PMC4711990.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    42. Snowden JN, Beaver M, Beenken K, Smeltzer M, Horswill AR, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus sarA regulates inflammation and colonization during central nervous system biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(12):e84089. PMID: 24386336; PMCID: PMC3875531.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    43. Walker JN, Crosby HA, Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Malone CL, Rosenthal CB, Schlievert PM, Boyd JM, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system is a novel regulator of agglutination and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(12):e1003819. PMID: 24367264; PMCID: PMC3868527.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    44. Cech NB, Horswill AR. Small-molecule quorum quenchers to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection. Future Microbiol. 2013 Dec; 8(12):1511-4. PMID: 24266350.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Pang YY, Schwartz J, Bloomberg S, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Methionine sulfoxide reductases protect against oxidative stress in Staphylococcus aureus encountering exogenous oxidants and human neutrophils. J Innate Immun. 2014; 6(3):353-64. PMID: 24247266; PMCID: PMC3972283.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Chiu IM, Heesters BA, Ghasemlou N, Von Hehn CA, Zhao F, Tran J, Wainger B, Strominger A, Muralidharan S, Horswill AR, Bubeck Wardenburg J, Hwang SW, Carroll MC, Woolf CJ. Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation. Nature. 2013 Sep 05; 501(7465):52-7. PMID: 23965627; PMCID: PMC3773968.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    47. Salgado-Pabón W, Breshears L, Spaulding AR, Merriman JA, Stach CS, Horswill AR, Peterson ML, Schlievert PM. Superantigens are critical for Staphylococcus aureus Infective endocarditis, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. MBio. 2013 Aug 20; 4(4). PMID: 23963178; PMCID: PMC3747586.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Yu J, Madsen ML, Carruthers MD, Phillips GJ, Kavanaugh JS, Boyd JM, Horswill AR, Minion FC. Analysis of autoinducer-2 quorum sensing in Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun. 2013 Nov; 81(11):4053-62. PMID: 23959719; PMCID: PMC3811820.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    49. Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Kohler PL, Horswill AR, Leung DY, Schlievert PM. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul; 26(3):422-47. PMID: 23824366; PMCID: PMC3719495.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    50. Zurek OW, Nygaard TK, Watkins RL, Pallister KB, Torres VJ, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. The role of innate immunity in promoting SaeR/S-mediated virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun. 2014; 6(1):21-30. PMID: 23816635; PMCID: PMC4435966.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    51. Mootz JM, Malone CL, Shaw LN, Horswill AR. Staphopains modulate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm integrity. Infect Immun. 2013 Sep; 81(9):3227-38. PMID: 23798534; PMCID: PMC3754231.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. Olson ME, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis: bad to the bone. Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Jun 12; 13(6):629-31. PMID: 23768487; PMCID: PMC3732834.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    53. Junio HA, Todd DA, Ettefagh KA, Ehrmann BM, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Cech NB. Quantitative analysis of autoinducing peptide I (AIP-I) from Staphylococcus aureus cultures using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolving power mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Jul 01; 930:7-12. PMID: 23703543; PMCID: PMC3717363.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    54. LaRock CN, Yu J, Horswill AR, Parsek MR, Minion FC. Transcriptome analysis of acyl-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing regulation in Yersinia pestis [corrected]. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e62337. PMID: 23620823; PMCID: PMC3631167.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    55. Moormeier DE, Endres JL, Mann EE, Sadykov MR, Horswill AR, Rice KC, Fey PD, Bayles KW. Use of microfluidic technology to analyze gene expression during Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation reveals distinct physiological niches. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jun; 79(11):3413-24. PMID: 23524683; PMCID: PMC3648040.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    56. Hall PR, Elmore BO, Spang CH, Alexander SM, Manifold-Wheeler BC, Castleman MJ, Daly SM, Peterson MM, Sully EK, Femling JK, Otto M, Horswill AR, Timmins GS, Gresham HD. Nox2 modification of LDL is essential for optimal apolipoprotein B-mediated control of agr type III Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Feb; 9(2):e1003166. PMID: 23459693; PMCID: PMC3573103.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    57. Olson ME, King JM, Yahr TL, Horswill AR. Sialic acid catabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 2013 Apr; 195(8):1779-88. PMID: 23396916; PMCID: PMC3624546.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    58. Olson ME, Nygaard TK, Ackermann L, Watkins RL, Zurek OW, Pallister KB, Griffith S, Kiedrowski MR, Flack CE, Kavanaugh JS, Kreiswirth BN, Horswill AR, Voyich JM. Staphylococcus aureus nuclease is an SaeRS-dependent virulence factor. Infect Immun. 2013 Apr; 81(4):1316-24. PMID: 23381999; PMCID: PMC3639593.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    59. Abdelhady W, Bayer AS, Seidl K, Nast CC, Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR, Yeaman MR, Xiong YQ. Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in an in vitro catheter-related biofilm model correlates with poor therapeutic outcomes in experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Mar; 57(3):1447-54. PMID: 23295925; PMCID: PMC3591927.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    60. Arnison PG, Bibb MJ, Bierbaum G, Bowers AA, Bugni TS, Bulaj G, Camarero JA, Campopiano DJ, Challis GL, Clardy J, Cotter PD, Craik DJ, Dawson M, Dittmann E, Donadio S, Dorrestein PC, Entian KD, Fischbach MA, Garavelli JS, Göransson U, Gruber CW, Haft DH, Hemscheidt TK, Hertweck C, Hill C, Horswill AR, Jaspars M, Kelly WL, Klinman JP, Kuipers OP, Link AJ, Liu W, Marahiel MA, Mitchell DA, Moll GN, Moore BS, Müller R, Nair SK, Nes IF, Norris GE, Olivera BM, Onaka H, Patchett ML, Piel J, Reaney MJ, Rebuffat S, Ross RP, Sahl HG, Schmidt EW, Selsted ME, Severinov K, Shen B, Sivonen K, Smith L, Stein T, Süssmuth RD, Tagg JR, Tang GL, Truman AW, Vederas JC, Walsh CT, Walton JD, Wenzel SC, Willey JM, van der Donk WA. Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature. Nat Prod Rep. 2013 Jan; 30(1):108-60. PMID: 23165928; PMCID: PMC3954855.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    61. Kolar SL, Ibarra JA, Rivera FE, Mootz JM, Davenport JE, Stevens SM, Horswill AR, Shaw LN. Extracellular proteases are key mediators of Staphylococcus aureus virulence via the global modulation of virulence-determinant stability. Microbiologyopen. 2013 Feb; 2(1):18-34. PMID: 23233325; PMCID: PMC3584211.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    62. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Random mutagenesis and topology analysis of the autoinducing peptide biosynthesis proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol. 2013 Jan; 87(2):318-37. PMID: 23216863; PMCID: PMC3545067.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    63. Zielinska AK, Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Spencer HJ, Post GR, Skinner RA, Tackett AJ, Horswill AR, Smeltzer MS. sarA-mediated repression of protease production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 isolates. Mol Microbiol. 2012 Dec; 86(5):1183-96. PMID: 23075270; PMCID: PMC3508076.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    64. Kaplan JB, Izano EA, Gopal P, Karwacki MT, Kim S, Bose JL, Bayles KW, Horswill AR. Low levels of ß-lactam antibiotics induce extracellular DNA release and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. MBio. 2012; 3(4):e00198-12. PMID: 22851659; PMCID: PMC3419523.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    65. Laarman AJ, Mijnheer G, Mootz JM, van Rooijen WJ, Ruyken M, Malone CL, Heezius EC, Ward R, Milligan G, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ, Horswill AR, van Kessel KP, Rooijakkers SH. Staphylococcus aureus Staphopain A inhibits CXCR2-dependent neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. EMBO J. 2012 Aug 29; 31(17):3607-19. PMID: 22850671; PMCID: PMC3433787.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    66. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Swimming cells promote a dynamic environment within biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 07; 109(32):12848-9. PMID: 22847434; PMCID: PMC3420215.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    67. Cech NB, Junio HA, Ackermann LW, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Quorum quenching and antimicrobial activity of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Planta Med. 2012 Sep; 78(14):1556-61. PMID: 22814821; PMCID: PMC4527992.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    68. Pezzulo AA, Tang XX, Hoegger MJ, Abou Alaiwa MH, Ramachandran S, Moninger TO, Karp PH, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Haagsman HP, van Eijk M, Bánfi B, Horswill AR, Stoltz DA, McCray PB, Welsh MJ, Zabner J. Reduced airway surface pH impairs bacterial killing in the porcine cystic fibrosis lung. Nature. 2012 Jul 04; 487(7405):109-13. PMID: 22763554; PMCID: PMC3390761.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    69. Nygaard TK, Pallister KB, DuMont AL, DeWald M, Watkins RL, Pallister EQ, Malone C, Griffith S, Horswill AR, Torres VJ, Voyich JM. Alpha-toxin induces programmed cell death of human T cells, B cells, and monocytes during USA300 infection. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e36532. PMID: 22574180; PMCID: PMC3344897.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    70. Walker JN, Horswill AR. A coverslip-based technique for evaluating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on human plasma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012; 2:39. PMID: 22919630; PMCID: PMC3417647.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    71. Gonzalez DJ, Okumura CY, Hollands A, Kersten R, Akong-Moore K, Pence MA, Malone CL, Derieux J, Moore BS, Horswill AR, Dixon JE, Dorrestein PC, Nizet V. Novel phenol-soluble modulin derivatives in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus identified through imaging mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 20; 287(17):13889-98. PMID: 22371493; PMCID: PMC3340166.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    72. Hernandez FJ, Stockdale KR, Huang L, Horswill AR, Behlke MA, McNamara JO. Degradation of nuclease-stabilized RNA oligonucleotides in Mycoplasma-contaminated cell culture media. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2012 Feb; 22(1):58-68. PMID: 22229275; PMCID: PMC3318257.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    73. Kiedrowski MR, Horswill AR. New approaches for treating staphylococcal biofilm infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec; 1241:104-21. PMID: 22191529.
      View in: PubMed
    74. Kavanaugh JS, Gakhar L, Horswill AR. The structure of LsrB from Yersinia pestis complexed with autoinducer-2. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Dec 01; 67(Pt 12):1501-5. PMID: 22139152; PMCID: PMC3232125.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    75. Kiedrowski MR, Kavanaugh JS, Malone CL, Mootz JM, Voyich JM, Smeltzer MS, Bayles KW, Horswill AR. Nuclease modulates biofilm formation in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One. 2011; 6(11):e26714. PMID: 22096493; PMCID: PMC3214024.
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    76. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol. 2011 Sep; 19(9):449-55. PMID: 21784640; PMCID: PMC3164736.
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    77. Wörmann ME, Reichmann NT, Malone CL, Horswill AR, Gründling A. Proteolytic cleavage inactivates the Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid synthase. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19):5279-91. PMID: 21784926; PMCID: PMC3187375.
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    78. Lin YC, Anderson MJ, Kohler PL, Strandberg KL, Olson ME, Horswill AR, Schlievert PM, Peterson ML. Proinflammatory exoprotein characterization of toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemistry. 2011 Aug 23; 50(33):7157-67. PMID: 21749039; PMCID: PMC3156861.
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    79. Benson MA, Lilo S, Wasserman GA, Thoendel M, Smith A, Horswill AR, Fraser J, Novick RP, Shopsin B, Torres VJ. Staphylococcus aureus regulates the expression and production of the staphylococcal superantigen-like secreted proteins in a Rot-dependent manner. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Aug; 81(3):659-75. PMID: 21651625; PMCID: PMC3217042.
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    80. Thurlow LR, Hanke ML, Fritz T, Angle A, Aldrich A, Williams SH, Engebretsen IL, Bayles KW, Horswill AR, Kielian T. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo. J Immunol. 2011 Jun 01; 186(11):6585-96. PMID: 21525381; PMCID: PMC3110737.
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    81. Laarman AJ, Ruyken M, Malone CL, van Strijp JA, Horswill AR, Rooijakkers SH. Staphylococcus aureus metalloprotease aureolysin cleaves complement C3 to mediate immune evasion. J Immunol. 2011 Jun 01; 186(11):6445-53. PMID: 21502375.
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    82. Kirchdoerfer RN, Garner AL, Flack CE, Mee JM, Horswill AR, Janda KD, Kaufmann GF, Wilson IA. Structural basis for ligand recognition and discrimination of a quorum-quenching antibody. J Biol Chem. 2011 May 13; 286(19):17351-8. PMID: 21454495; PMCID: PMC3089576.
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    83. Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Flack CE, Horswill AR. Peptide signaling in the staphylococci. Chem Rev. 2011 Jan 12; 111(1):117-51. PMID: 21174435; PMCID: PMC3086461.
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    84. Hammond AA, Miller KG, Kruczek CJ, Dertien J, Colmer-Hamood JA, Griswold JA, Horswill AR, Hamood AN. An in vitro biofilm model to examine the effect of antibiotic ointments on biofilms produced by burn wound bacterial isolates. Burns. 2011 Mar; 37(2):312-21. PMID: 21130579; PMCID: PMC3034806.
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    85. Berends ET, Horswill AR, Haste NM, Monestier M, Nizet V, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Nuclease expression by Staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps. J Innate Immun. 2010; 2(6):576-86. PMID: 20829609; PMCID: PMC2982853.
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    86. Pang YY, Schwartz J, Thoendel M, Ackermann LW, Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. agr-Dependent interactions of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Innate Immun. 2010; 2(6):546-59. PMID: 20829608; PMCID: PMC2982852.
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    87. Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Griffin LM, Zielinska AK, Shaw LN, Rice KC, Horswill AR, Bayles KW, Smeltzer MS. Epistatic relationships between sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2010 May 24; 5(5):e10790. PMID: 20520723; PMCID: PMC2875390.
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    88. Stoltz DA, Meyerholz DK, Pezzulo AA, Ramachandran S, Rogan MP, Davis GJ, Hanfland RA, Wohlford-Lenane C, Dohrn CL, Bartlett JA, Nelson GA, Chang EH, Taft PJ, Ludwig PS, Estin M, Hornick EE, Launspach JL, Samuel M, Rokhlina T, Karp PH, Ostedgaard LS, Uc A, Starner TD, Horswill AR, Brogden KA, Prather RS, Richter SS, Shilyansky J, McCray PB, Zabner J, Welsh MJ. Cystic fibrosis pigs develop lung disease and exhibit defective bacterial eradication at birth. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Apr 28; 2(29):29ra31. PMID: 20427821; PMCID: PMC2889616.
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    89. Boles BR, Thoendel M, Roth AJ, Horswill AR. Identification of genes involved in polysaccharide-independent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLoS One. 2010 Apr 14; 5(4):e10146. PMID: 20418950; PMCID: PMC2854687.
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    90. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Biosynthesis of peptide signals in gram-positive bacteria. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2010; 71:91-112. PMID: 20378052.
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    91. Lauderdale KJ, Malone CL, Boles BR, Morcuende J, Horswill AR. Biofilm dispersal of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on orthopedic implant material. J Orthop Res. 2010 Jan; 28(1):55-61. PMID: 19610092.
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    92. Thoendel M, Horswill AR. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus AgrD residues required for autoinducing peptide biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 14; 284(33):21828-38. PMID: 19520867; PMCID: PMC2756194.
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    93. Mann EE, Rice KC, Boles BR, Endres JL, Ranjit D, Chandramohan L, Tsang LH, Smeltzer MS, Horswill AR, Bayles KW. Modulation of eDNA release and degradation affects Staphylococcus aureus biofilm maturation. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 09; 4(6):e5822. PMID: 19513119; PMCID: PMC2688759.
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    94. Malone CL, Boles BR, Lauderdale KJ, Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Fluorescent reporters for Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Methods. 2009 Jun; 77(3):251-60. PMID: 19264102; PMCID: PMC2693297.
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    95. Lauderdale KJ, Boles BR, Cheung AL, Horswill AR. Interconnections between Sigma B, agr, and proteolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm maturation. Infect Immun. 2009 Apr; 77(4):1623-35. PMID: 19188357; PMCID: PMC2663138.
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    96. Horswill AR, Nauseef WM. Host interception of bacterial communication signals. Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Dec 11; 4(6):507-9. PMID: 19064249.
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    97. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 2008 Apr 25; 4(4):e1000052. PMID: 18437240; PMCID: PMC2329812.
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    98. Malone CL, Boles BR, Horswill AR. Biosynthesis of Staphylococcus aureus autoinducing peptides by using the synechocystis DnaB mini-intein. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Oct; 73(19):6036-44. PMID: 17693565; PMCID: PMC2074992.
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    99. Kavanaugh JS, Thoendel M, Horswill AR. A role for type I signal peptidase in Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing. Mol Microbiol. 2007 Aug; 65(3):780-98. PMID: 17608791.
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    100. Cheng L, Naumann TA, Horswill AR, Hong SJ, Venters BJ, Tomsho JW, Benkovic SJ, Keiler KC. Discovery of antibacterial cyclic peptides that inhibit the ClpXP protease. Protein Sci. 2007 Aug; 16(8):1535-42. PMID: 17600141; PMCID: PMC2203360.
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    101. Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ. Identifying small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2006 Dec; Chapter 19:Unit 19.15. PMID: 18429304.
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    102. Horswill AR, Stoodley P, Stewart PS, Parsek MR. The effect of the chemical, biological, and physical environment on quorum sensing in structured microbial communities. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Jan; 387(2):371-80. PMID: 17047948; PMCID: PMC1797063.
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    103. Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ. Cyclic peptides, a chemical genetics tool for biologists. Cell Cycle. 2005 Apr; 4(4):552-5. PMID: 15876867.
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    104. Horswill AR, Savinov SN, Benkovic SJ. A systematic method for identifying small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 02; 101(44):15591-6. PMID: 15498867; PMCID: PMC524857.
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    105. Lewis JA, Horswill AR, Schwem BE, Escalante-Semerena JC. The Tricarballylate utilization (tcuRABC) genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol. 2004 Mar; 186(6):1629-37. PMID: 14996793; PMCID: PMC355976.
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    106. Saraf MC, Horswill AR, Benkovic SJ, Maranas CD. FamClash: a method for ranking the activity of engineered enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23; 101(12):4142-7. PMID: 14981242; PMCID: PMC384708.
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    107. Horswill AR, Naumann TA, Benkovic SJ. Using incremental truncation to create libraries of hybrid enzymes. Methods Enzymol. 2004; 388:50-60. PMID: 15289061.
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    108. Gulick AM, Starai VJ, Horswill AR, Homick KM, Escalante-Semerena JC. The 1.75 A crystal structure of acetyl-CoA synthetase bound to adenosine-5'-propylphosphate and coenzyme A. Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18; 42(10):2866-73. PMID: 12627952.
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    109. Fonseca MV, Buan NR, Horswill AR, Rayment I, Escalante-Semerena JC. The ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (CobA) enzyme of Salmonella enterica requires the 2'-OH group of ATP for function and yields inorganic triphosphate as its reaction byproduct. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 06; 277(36):33127-31. PMID: 12080060.
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    110. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Characterization of the propionyl-CoA synthetase (PrpE) enzyme of Salmonella enterica: residue Lys592 is required for propionyl-AMP synthesis. Biochemistry. 2002 Feb 19; 41(7):2379-87. PMID: 11841231.
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    111. Gulick AM, Horswill AR, Thoden JB, Escalante-Semerena JC, Rayment I. Pentaerythritol propoxylate: a new crystallization agent and cryoprotectant induces crystal growth of 2-methylcitrate dehydratase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002 Feb; 58(Pt 2):306-9. PMID: 11807258.
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    112. Ciche TA, Bintrim SB, Horswill AR, Ensign JC. A Phosphopantetheinyl transferase homolog is essential for Photorhabdus luminescens to support growth and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. J Bacteriol. 2001 May; 183(10):3117-26. PMID: 11325940; PMCID: PMC95212.
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    113. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. In vitro conversion of propionate to pyruvate by Salmonella enterica enzymes: 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (PrpD) and aconitase Enzymes catalyze the conversion of 2-methylcitrate to 2-methylisocitrate. Biochemistry. 2001 Apr 17; 40(15):4703-13. PMID: 11294638.
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    114. Horswill AR, Dudding AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Studies of propionate toxicity in Salmonella enterica identify 2-methylcitrate as a potent inhibitor of cell growth. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 01; 276(22):19094-101. PMID: 11376009.
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    115. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Salmonella typhimurium LT2 catabolizes propionate via the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. J Bacteriol. 1999 Sep; 181(18):5615-23. PMID: 10482501; PMCID: PMC94080.
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    116. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. The prpE gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 encodes propionyl-CoA synthetase. Microbiology. 1999 Jun; 145 ( Pt 6):1381-8. PMID: 10411265.
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    117. Tsang AW, Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Studies of regulation of expression of the propionate (prpBCDE) operon provide insights into how Salmonella typhimurium LT2 integrates its 1,2-propanediol and propionate catabolic pathways. J Bacteriol. 1998 Dec; 180(24):6511-8. PMID: 9851993; PMCID: PMC107752.
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    118. Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. Propionate catabolism in Salmonella typhimurium LT2: two divergently transcribed units comprise the prp locus at 8.5 centisomes, prpR encodes a member of the sigma-54 family of activators, and the prpBCDE genes constitute an operon. J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb; 179(3):928-40. PMID: 9006051; PMCID: PMC178778.
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    119. Rondon MR, Horswill AR, Escalante-Semerena JC. DNA polymerase I function is required for the utilization of ethanolamine, 1,2-propanediol, and propionate by Salmonella typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec; 177(24):7119-24. PMID: 8522518; PMCID: PMC177590.
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