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Robert Freedman

TitleProfessor-Clinical
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-PSYCH
Phone303/724-4940

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    I01CX001021     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Oct 1, 2015 - Aug 31, 2016
    NIH
    Nicotinic Receptors and Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    I01CX000145     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Oct 1, 2009 - Sep 30, 2014
    NIH
    Nicotinic Receptors and Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    P50MH086383     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Aug 1, 2009 - Jul 31, 2015
    NIH
    Basic to Clinical Molecular Neurobiology of Nicotinic Receptors in Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    P50MH068582     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Sep 27, 2004 - Jun 30, 2010
    NIH
    Molecular Neurobiology of Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01MH061617     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Feb 1, 2001 - Jul 31, 2003
    NIH
    NICOTINIC SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    N01DA009901     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Sep 22, 2000 - Sep 21, 2005
    NIH/NIDA
    BRAIN BANK
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01MH061412     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Apr 1, 2000 - Apr 30, 2012
    NIH
    Nicotinic Agonist in Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01MH059565     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Oct 1, 1998 - Jul 31, 2007
    NIH
    Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia
    Role: Principal Investigator
    S15AA008415     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Sep 1, 1989 - Aug 31, 1990
    NIH
    ASIP---UNIVERSITY COLORADO HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
    Role: Principal Investigator
    P50MH044212     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Apr 1, 1989 - Mar 31, 1999
    NIH
    GENETIC &NEUROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01MH038321     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Apr 1, 1984 - Apr 30, 2006
    NIH
    ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF SENSORY GATING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R37MH038321     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Apr 1, 1984 - Apr 30, 2000
    NIH
    ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF SENSORY GATING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DA002429     (FREEDMAN, ROBERT)Aug 1, 1979 - Dec 31, 1992
    NIH
    EFFECTS OF PHENCYCLIDINE ON NEURONAL FUNCTION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    U01MH094247     (LIEBERMAN, JEFFREY A.)Dec 31, 2018
    NIH
    Human Trial of Allosteric Modulator Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors in Schizophrenia
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Freedman R. Ketamine and ECT in Depression - Risks and Rewards. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 22; 388(25):2389-2390. PMID: 37224235.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Hoffman MC, Hunter SJ, D'Alessandro A, Christians U, Law AJ, Freedman R. Maternal Plasma Choline during Gestation and Small for Gestational Age Infants. Am J Perinatol. 2022 Dec 30. PMID: 36584689.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, McCarthy L, D'Alessandro A, Wyrwa A, Noonan K, Christians U, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Zeisel SH, Law AJ, Freedman R. Targeting Treatments to Health Disparities. Schizophr Bull. 2021 07 08; 47(4):886-887. PMID: 33940629.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, McCarthy L, D'Alessandro A, Wyrwa A, Noonan K, Christians U, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Zeisel SH, Law AJ, Freedman R. Black American Maternal Prenatal Choline, Offspring Gestational Age at Birth, and Developmental Predisposition to Mental Illness. Schizophr Bull. 2021 07 08; 47(4):896-905. PMID: 33184653.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, Hoffman MC. Prenatal prevention of psychiatric illness and childhood development population-wide. World Psychiatry. 2021 Jun; 20(2):226-227. PMID: 34002528.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Hoffman MC, Freedman R, Law AJ, Clark AM, Hunter SK. Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 06; 43:1-8. PMID: 34024500.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, Clark AM, Roberts A, Hoffman MC. Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and fetal brain development in the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res. 2022 09; 247:16-25. PMID: 33838984.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, D'Alessandro A, Wyrwa A, Noonan K, Zeisel SH, Law AJ, Freedman R. Prenatal choline, cannabis, and infection, and their association with offspring development of attention and social problems through 4 years of age. Psychol Med. 2022 10; 52(14):3019-3028. PMID: 33491615.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Christians U, Law AJ, Hoffman MC. Maternal Prenatal Depression in Pregnancies With Female and Male Fetuses and Developmental Associations With C-reactive Protein and Cortisol. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021 03; 6(3):310-320. PMID: 33060035.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, D'Alessandro A, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Camille Hoffman M. Maternal choline and respiratory coronavirus effects on fetal brain development. J Psychiatr Res. 2020 09; 128:1-4. PMID: 32474140.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Freedman R, Olsen-Dufour AM, Olincy A. P50 inhibitory sensory gating in schizophrenia: analysis of recent studies. Schizophr Res. 2020 04; 218:93-98. PMID: 32061454.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, D'Alessandro A, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Freedman R, Law AJ. Male fetus susceptibility to maternal inflammation: C-reactive protein and brain development. Psychol Med. 2021 02; 51(3):450-459. PMID: 31787129.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Hoffman MC, Hunter SK, D'Alessandro A, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Freedman R. Interaction of maternal choline levels and prenatal Marijuana's effects on the offspring. Psychol Med. 2020 07; 50(10):1716-1726. PMID: 31364525.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, Wagner BD, D'Alessandro A, Christians U, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Hoffman MC. Higher Gestational Choline Levels in Maternal Infection Are Protective for Infant Brain Development. J Pediatr. 2019 05; 208:198-206.e2. PMID: 30879727.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Hoffman MC, Olincy A, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA, Hansen KC, Hunter SK, Freedman R, Ross RG. Effects of phosphatidylcholine and betaine supplements on women's serum choline. J Nutr Intermed Metab. 2019 Jun; 16. PMID: 36330042.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Freedman R. A Farewell. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 12 01; 175(12):1155-1156. PMID: 30501411.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Freedman R. Alcohol Use in a Study of Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation in Pregnancy: Response to Bell and Ajula. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 06 01; 175(6):578-579. PMID: 29869549.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Freedman R, Hunter SK, Hoffman MC. Prenatal Primary Prevention of Mental Illness by Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 07 01; 175(7):607-619. PMID: 29558816.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Freedman R. AJP at 175: Remembering Our Past as We Envision Our Future. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 01 01; 175(1):1. PMID: 29301421.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Pine DS, Freedman R. Perspective on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Children and Adolescents. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 05 01; 174(5):407-408. PMID: 28263661.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Olincy A, Blakeley-Smith A, Johnson L, Kem WR, Freedman R. Brief Report: Initial Trial of Alpha7-Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in Two Adult Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Dec; 46(12):3812-3817. PMID: 27565651.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Freedman R. Investigating Trauma as a Risk Factor for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2017 01; 43(1):1-2. PMID: 27799359.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Freedman R. Further Investigation of Ketamine. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 08 01; 173(8):761-2. PMID: 27477135.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Freedman RR. Imaging and menopausal hot flashes. Temperature (Austin). 2016; 3(3):361. PMID: 28349078.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Wasser T, Richards M, Radhakrishnan R, Freedman R. The American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal: Training the Next Generation of Academic Psychiatrists. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 May 01; 173(5):461-4. PMID: 27133407.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Freedman R, Michels R. Dissecting the Brain Mechanisms of Violence. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 Mar 01; 173(3):213-4. PMID: 26926125.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Ross RG, Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, McCarthy L, Chambers BM, Law AJ, Leonard S, Zerbe GO, Freedman R. Perinatal Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation and Early Childhood Behavior Problems: Evidence for CHRNA7 Moderation. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 05 01; 173(5):509-16. PMID: 26651393.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Greenwood TA, Light GA, Swerdlow NR, Calkins ME, Green MF, Gur RE, Gur RC, Lazzeroni LC, Nuechterlein KH, Olincy A, Radant AD, Seidman LJ, Siever LJ, Silverman JM, Stone WS, Sugar CA, Tsuang DW, Tsuang MT, Turetsky BI, Freedman R, Braff DL. Gating Deficit Heritability and Correlation With Increased Clinical Severity in Schizophrenia Patients With Positive Family History. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 Apr 01; 173(4):385-91. PMID: 26441157.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Freedman R. Publishing what's important. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015 Dec; 132(6):417-8. PMID: 26396088.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Ross RG, Freedman R. Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia for the Perinatal Period: Criteria for Validation. Schizophr Bull. 2015 Jul; 41(4):824-34. PMID: 25943124.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Freedman R, Ross RG. Prenatal choline and the development of schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2015 Apr 25; 27(2):90-102. PMID: 26120259.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Sinkus ML, Graw S, Freedman R, Ross RG, Lester HA, Leonard S. The human CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A genes: A review of the genetics, regulation, and function. Neuropharmacology. 2015 Sep; 96(Pt B):274-88. PMID: 25701707.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Javitt DC, Freedman R. Sensory processing dysfunction in the personal experience and neuronal machinery of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Jan; 172(1):17-31. PMID: 25553496.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Freedman RR. Menopause and sleep. Menopause. 2014 May; 21(5):534-5. PMID: 24755895.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Freedman RR. Postmenopausal physiological changes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014; 21:245-56. PMID: 24929849.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Freedman R. a7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia. Annu Rev Med. 2014; 65:245-61. PMID: 24111888.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Freedman RR. Menopausal hot flashes: mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Jul; 142:115-20. PMID: 24012626.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Diwadkar VA, Murphy ER, Freedman RR. Temporal sequencing of brain activations during naturally occurring thermoregulatory events. Cereb Cortex. 2014 Nov; 24(11):3006-13. PMID: 23787950.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, Beuler J, Hutchison AK, Wagner BD, Leonard S, Stevens KE, Freedman R. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Mar; 170(3):290-8. PMID: 23318559.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Sinkus ML, Adams CE, Logel J, Freedman R, Leonard S. Expression of immune genes on chromosome 6p21.3-22.1 in schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Aug; 32:51-62. PMID: 23395714.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Hunter SK, Mendoza JH, D'Anna K, Zerbe GO, McCarthy L, Hoffman C, Freedman R, Ross RG. Antidepressants may mitigate the effects of prenatal maternal anxiety on infant auditory sensory gating. Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Jun; 169(6):616-24. PMID: 22581104.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Stephens SH, Franks A, Berger R, Palionyte M, Fingerlin TE, Wagner B, Logel J, Olincy A, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Multiple genes in the 15q13-q14 chromosomal region are associated with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet. 2012 Feb; 22(1):1-14. PMID: 21970977.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Olincy A, Freedman R. Nicotinic mechanisms in the treatment of psychotic disorders: a focus on the a7 nicotinic receptor. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2012; (213):211-32. PMID: 23027417.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Tregellas JR, Tanabe J, Rojas DC, Shatti S, Olincy A, Johnson L, Martin LF, Soti F, Kem WR, Leonard S, Freedman R. Effects of an alpha 7-nicotinic agonist on default network activity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jan 01; 69(1):7-11. PMID: 20728875.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Hunter SK, Kisley MA, McCarthy L, Freedman R, Ross RG. Diminished cerebral inhibition in neonates associated with risk factors for schizophrenia: parental psychosis, maternal depression, and nicotine use. Schizophr Bull. 2011 Nov; 37(6):1200-8. PMID: 20403924.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Freedman RR. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Maturitas. 2010 Apr; 65(4):383-5. PMID: 20031347.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Tregellas JR, Olincy A, Johnson L, Tanabe J, Shatti S, Martin LF, Singel D, Du YP, Soti F, Kem WR, Freedman R. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of effects of a nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Mar; 35(4):938-42. PMID: 19956085.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Ross RG, Stevens KE, Proctor WR, Leonard S, Kisley MA, Hunter SK, Freedman R, Adams CE. Research review: Cholinergic mechanisms, early brain development, and risk for schizophrenia. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 May; 51(5):535-49. PMID: 19925602.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Freedman R. Learning to review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Nov; 70(11):1599-600. PMID: 20031100.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Freedman R, Goldowitz D. Studies on the hippocampal formation: From basic development to clinical applications: Studies on schizophrenia. Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Feb 09; 90(2):263-75. PMID: 19853005.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Sinkus ML, Lee MJ, Gault J, Logel J, Short M, Freedman R, Christian SL, Lyon J, Leonard S. A 2-base pair deletion polymorphism in the partial duplication of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine gene (CHRFAM7A) on chromosome 15q14 is associated with schizophrenia. Brain Res. 2009 Sep 29; 1291:1-11. PMID: 19631623.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Stephens SH, Logel J, Barton A, Franks A, Schultz J, Short M, Dickenson J, James B, Fingerlin TE, Wagner B, Hodgkinson C, Graw S, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Association of the 5'-upstream regulatory region of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7) with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2009 Apr; 109(1-3):102-12. PMID: 19181484.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Simosky JK, Freedman R, Stevens KE. Olanzapine improves deficient sensory inhibition in DBA/2 mice. Brain Res. 2008 Oct 03; 1233:129-36. PMID: 18687314.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Freedman R, Olincy A, Buchanan RW, Harris JG, Gold JM, Johnson L, Allensworth D, Guzman-Bonilla A, Clement B, Ball MP, Kutnick J, Pender V, Martin LF, Stevens KE, Wagner BD, Zerbe GO, Soti F, Kem WR. Initial phase 2 trial of a nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Aug; 165(8):1040-7. PMID: 18381905.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Martin LF, Hall MH, Ross RG, Zerbe G, Freedman R, Olincy A. Physiology of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Dec; 164(12):1900-6. PMID: 18056246.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Leonard S, Mexal S, Freedman R. Smoking, Genetics and Schizophrenia: Evidence for Self Medication. J Dual Diagn. 2007 Nov 01; 3(3-4):43-59. PMID: 19122786.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Tanabe J, Crowley T, Hutchison K, Miller D, Johnson G, Du YP, Zerbe G, Freedman R. Ventral striatal blood flow is altered by acute nicotine but not withdrawal from nicotine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Feb; 33(3):627-33. PMID: 17460613.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Freedman RR, Wasson S. Miniature hygrometric hot flash recorder. Fertil Steril. 2007 Aug; 88(2):494-6. PMID: 17445808.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Tregellas JR, Davalos DB, Rojas DC, Waldo MC, Gibson L, Wylie K, Du YP, Freedman R. Increased hemodynamic response in the hippocampus, thalamus and prefrontal cortex during abnormal sensory gating in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2007 May; 92(1-3):262-72. PMID: 17336502.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Leonard S, Freedman R. Genetics of chromosome 15q13-q14 in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jul 15; 60(2):115-22. PMID: 16843094.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Mexal S, Berger R, Adams CE, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Brain pH has a significant impact on human postmortem hippocampal gene expression profiles. Brain Res. 2006 Aug 23; 1106(1):1-11. PMID: 16843448.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Freedman RR, Roehrs TA. Effects of REM sleep and ambient temperature on hot flash-induced sleep disturbance. Menopause. 2006 Jul-Aug; 13(4):576-83. PMID: 16837879.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Freedman RR, Benton MD, Genik RJ, Graydon FX. Cortical activation during menopausal hot flashes. Fertil Steril. 2006 Mar; 85(3):674-8. PMID: 16500337.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Freedman RR, Johanson CE, Tancer ME. Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Dec; 183(2):248-56. PMID: 16163516.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Tanabe J, Tregellas JR, Martin LF, Freedman R. Effects of nicotine on hippocampal and cingulate activity during smooth pursuit eye movement in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Apr 15; 59(8):754-61. PMID: 16259965.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Mexal S, Frank M, Berger R, Adams CE, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Differential modulation of gene expression in the NMDA postsynaptic density of schizophrenic and control smokers. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Oct 03; 139(2):317-32. PMID: 16122832.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Tregellas JR, Tanabe JL, Martin LF, Freedman R. FMRI of response to nicotine during a smooth pursuit eye movement task in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Feb; 162(2):391-3. PMID: 15677609.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Freedman R, Ross R, Leonard S, Myles-Worsley M, Adams CE, Waldo M, Tregellas J, Martin L, Olincy A, Tanabe J, Kisley MA, Hunter S, Stevens KE. Early biomarkers of psychosis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2005; 7(1):17-29. PMID: 16060593.
      View in: PubMed
    69. Davalos DB, Kisley MA, Freedman R. Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of temporal processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005; 17(4):517-25. PMID: 16387992.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Adler LE, Olincy A, Cawthra EM, McRae KA, Harris JG, Nagamoto HT, Waldo MC, Hall MH, Bowles A, Woodward L, Ross RG, Freedman R. Varied effects of atypical neuroleptics on P50 auditory gating in schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct; 161(10):1822-8. PMID: 15465979.
      View in: PubMed
    71. Harris JG, Kongs S, Allensworth D, Martin L, Tregellas J, Sullivan B, Zerbe G, Freedman R. Effects of nicotine on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Jul; 29(7):1378-85. PMID: 15138435.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Martin LF, Kem WR, Freedman R. Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Jun; 174(1):54-64. PMID: 15205879.
      View in: PubMed
    73. Tregellas JR, Tanabe JL, Miller DE, Ross RG, Olincy A, Freedman R. Neurobiology of smooth pursuit eye movement deficits in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb; 161(2):315-21. PMID: 14754781.
      View in: PubMed
    74. Gault J, Hopkins J, Berger R, Drebing C, Logel J, Walton C, Short M, Vianzon R, Olincy A, Ross RG, Adler LE, Freedman R, Leonard S. Comparison of polymorphisms in the alpha7 nicotinic receptor gene and its partial duplication in schizophrenic and control subjects. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2003 Nov 15; 123B(1):39-49. PMID: 14582144.
      View in: PubMed
    75. Freedman R. Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 30; 349(18):1738-49. PMID: 14585943.
      View in: PubMed
    76. Freedman R, Olincy A, Ross RG, Waldo MC, Stevens KE, Adler LE, Leonard S. The genetics of sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 Jun; 5(2):155-61. PMID: 12685995.
      View in: PubMed
    77. Kisley MA, Olincy A, Robbins E, Polk SD, Adler LE, Waldo MC, Freedman R. Sensory gating impairment associated with schizophrenia persists into REM sleep. Psychophysiology. 2003 Jan; 40(1):29-38. PMID: 12751801.
      View in: PubMed
    78. Adams CE, Broide RS, Chen Y, Winzer-Serhan UH, Henderson TA, Leslie FM, Freedman R. Development of the alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor in rat hippocampal formation. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2002 Dec 15; 139(2):175-87. PMID: 12480132.
      View in: PubMed
    79. Leonard S, Gault J, Hopkins J, Logel J, Vianzon R, Short M, Drebing C, Berger R, Venn D, Sirota P, Zerbe G, Olincy A, Ross RG, Adler LE, Freedman R. Association of promoter variants in the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene with an inhibitory deficit found in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Dec; 59(12):1085-96. PMID: 12470124.
      View in: PubMed
    80. Tanabe J, Miller D, Tregellas J, Freedman R, Meyer FG. Comparison of detrending methods for optimal fMRI preprocessing. Neuroimage. 2002 Apr; 15(4):902-7. PMID: 11906230.
      View in: PubMed
    81. Simosky JK, Stevens KE, Freedman R. Nicotinic agonists and psychosis. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2002 Apr; 1(2):149-62. PMID: 12769624.
      View in: PubMed
    82. Freedman R, Adler LE, Olincy A, Waldo MC, Ross RG, Stevens KE, Leonard S. Input dysfunction, schizotypy, and genetic models of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 01; 54(1-2):25-32. PMID: 11853975.
      View in: PubMed
    83. Adams CE, Stitzel JA, Collins AC, Freedman R. Alpha7-nicotinic receptor expression and the anatomical organization of hippocampal interneurons. Brain Res. 2001 Dec 20; 922(2):180-90. PMID: 11743948.
      View in: PubMed
    84. Freedman R, Leonard S, Olincy A, Kaufmann CA, Malaspina D, Cloninger CR, Svrakic D, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Evidence for the multigenic inheritance of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Dec 08; 105(8):794-800. PMID: 11803533.
      View in: PubMed
    85. Leonard S, Adler LE, Benhammou K, Berger R, Breese CR, Drebing C, Gault J, Lee MJ, Logel J, Olincy A, Ross RG, Stevens K, Sullivan B, Vianzon R, Virnich DE, Waldo M, Walton K, Freedman R. Smoking and mental illness. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Dec; 70(4):561-70. PMID: 11796154.
      View in: PubMed
    86. Adler LE, Olincy A, Cawthra E, Hoffer M, Nagamoto HT, Amass L, Freedman R. Reversal of diminished inhibitory sensory gating in cocaine addicts by a nicotinic cholinergic mechanism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Jun; 24(6):671-9. PMID: 11331147.
      View in: PubMed
    87. Freedman R, Leonard S, Gault JM, Hopkins J, Cloninger CR, Kaufmann CA, Tsuang MT, Farone SV, Malaspina D, Svrakic DM, Sanders A, Gejman P. Linkage disequilibrium for schizophrenia at the chromosome 15q13-14 locus of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7). Am J Med Genet. 2001 Jan 08; 105(1):20-2. PMID: 11424985.
      View in: PubMed
    88. Adams CE, Stevens KE, Kem WR, Freedman R. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevents alpha 7 nicotinic receptor-mediated restoration of inhibitory auditory gating in rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2000 Sep 22; 877(2):235-44. PMID: 10986337.
      View in: PubMed
    89. Olincy A, Ross RG, Harris JG, Young DA, McAndrews MA, Cawthra E, McRae KA, Sullivan B, Adler LE, Freedman R. The P50 auditory event-evoked potential in adult attention-deficit disorder: comparison with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jun 01; 47(11):969-77. PMID: 10838065.
      View in: PubMed
    90. Leonard S, Breese C, Adams C, Benhammou K, Gault J, Stevens K, Lee M, Adler L, Olincy A, Ross R, Freedman R. Smoking and schizophrenia: abnormal nicotinic receptor expression. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar 30; 393(1-3):237-42. PMID: 10771019.
      View in: PubMed
    91. Waldo MC, Adler LE, Leonard S, Olincy A, Ross RG, Harris JG, Freedman R. Familial transmission of risk factors in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic people. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Feb 01; 47(3):231-9. PMID: 10682220.
      View in: PubMed
    92. Stevens KE, Kem WR, Freedman R. Selective alpha 7 nicotinic receptor stimulation normalizes chronic cocaine-induced loss of hippocampal sensory inhibition in C3H mice. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Nov 15; 46(10):1443-50. PMID: 10578459.
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    93. Waldo MC, Freedman R. Neurobiological abnormalities in the relatives of schizophrenics. J Psychiatr Res. 1999 Nov-Dec; 33(6):491-5. PMID: 10628524.
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    94. Ross RG, Olincy A, Harris JG, Radant A, Adler LE, Compagnon N, Freedman R. The effects of age on a smooth pursuit tracking task in adults with schizophrenia and normal subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Aug 01; 46(3):383-91. PMID: 10435204.
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    95. Adler LE, Freedman R, Ross RG, Olincy A, Waldo MC. Elementary phenotypes in the neurobiological and genetic study of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Jul 01; 46(1):8-18. PMID: 10394470.
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    96. Ross RG, Olincy A, Harris JG, Radant A, Hawkins M, Adler LE, Freedman R. Evidence for bilineal inheritance of physiological indicators of risk in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Apr 16; 88(2):188-99. PMID: 10206241.
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    97. Freedman R, Adler LE, Leonard S. Alternative phenotypes for the complex genetics of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Mar 01; 45(5):551-8. PMID: 10088045.
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    98. Olincy A, Leonard S, Young DA, Sullivan B, Freedman R. Decreased bombesin peptide response to cigarette smoking in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Jan; 20(1):52-9. PMID: 9885785.
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    99. Ross RG, Olincy A, Harris JG, Radant A, Adler LE, Freedman R. Anticipatory saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements and familial transmission of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Oct 15; 44(8):690-7. PMID: 9798072.
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    100. Gault J, Robinson M, Berger R, Drebing C, Logel J, Hopkins J, Moore T, Jacobs S, Meriwether J, Choi MJ, Kim EJ, Walton K, Buiting K, Davis A, Breese C, Freedman R, Leonard S. Genomic organization and partial duplication of the human alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7). Genomics. 1998 Sep 01; 52(2):173-85. PMID: 9782083.
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    101. Leonard S, Gault J, Moore T, Hopkins J, Robinson M, Olincy A, Adler LE, Cloninger CR, Kaufmann CA, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Malaspina D, Svrakic DM, Freedman R. Further investigation of a chromosome 15 locus in schizophrenia: analysis of affected sibpairs from the NIMH Genetics Initiative. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Jul 10; 81(4):308-12. PMID: 9674976.
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    102. Freedman R, Adler LE, Nagamoto HT, Waldo MC. Selection of digital filtering parameters and P50 amplitude. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Jun 15; 43(12):921-2. PMID: 9627749.
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    103. Leonard S, Gault J, Adams C, Breese CR, Rollins Y, Adler LE, Olincy A, Freedman R. Nicotinic receptors, smoking and schizophrenia. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 1998 Jun; 12(2-3):195-201. PMID: 12671315.
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    104. Ross RG, Harris JG, Olincy A, Radant A, Adler LE, Freedman R. Familial transmission of two independent saccadic abnormalities in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1998 Feb 27; 30(1):59-70. PMID: 9542789.
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    105. Frazier CJ, Rollins YD, Breese CR, Leonard S, Freedman R, Dunwiddie TV. Acetylcholine activates an alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic current in rat hippocampal interneurons, but not pyramidal cells. J Neurosci. 1998 Feb 15; 18(4):1187-95. PMID: 9454829.
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    106. Adler LE, Olincy A, Waldo M, Harris JG, Griffith J, Stevens K, Flach K, Nagamoto H, Bickford P, Leonard S, Freedman R. Schizophrenia, sensory gating, and nicotinic receptors. Schizophr Bull. 1998; 24(2):189-202. PMID: 9613620.
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    107. Adams CE, Freedman R. Nicotinic antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin binding to rat hippocampal neurons containing nitric oxide synthase. Brain Res. 1997 Nov 21; 776(1-2):111-6. PMID: 9439802.
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    108. Breese CR, Adams C, Logel J, Drebing C, Rollins Y, Barnhart M, Sullivan B, Demasters BK, Freedman R, Leonard S. Comparison of the regional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 mRNA and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding in human postmortem brain. J Comp Neurol. 1997 Oct 27; 387(3):385-98. PMID: 9335422.
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    109. Freedman R, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M, Orr-Urtreger A, Olincy A, Davis A, Polymeropoulos M, Holik J, Hopkins J, Hoff M, Rosenthal J, Waldo MC, Reimherr F, Wender P, Yaw J, Young DA, Breese CR, Adams C, Patterson D, Adler LE, Kruglyak L, Leonard S, Byerley W. Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jan 21; 94(2):587-92. PMID: 9012828.
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    110. Stevens KE, Freedman R, Collins AC, Hall M, Leonard S, Marks MJ, Rose GM. Genetic correlation of inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory evoked response and alpha-bungarotoxin-binding nicotinic cholinergic receptors in inbred mouse strains. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1996 Aug; 15(2):152-62. PMID: 8840351.
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    111. Harris JG, Adler LE, Young DA, Cullum CM, Rilling LM, Cicerello A, Intemann PM, Freedman R. Neuropsychological dysfunction in parents of schizophrenics. Schizophr Res. 1996 Jul 05; 20(3):253-60. PMID: 8827851.
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    112. Ross RG, Hommer D, Radant A, Roath M, Freedman R. Early expression of smooth-pursuit eye movement abnormalities in children of schizophrenic parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Jul; 35(7):941-9. PMID: 8768356.
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    113. Leonard S, Adams C, Breese CR, Adler LE, Bickford P, Byerley W, Coon H, Griffith JM, Miller C, Myles-Worsley M, Nagamoto HT, Rollins Y, Stevens KE, Waldo M, Freedman R. Nicotinic receptor function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1996; 22(3):431-45. PMID: 8873294.
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    114. Young DA, Waldo M, Rutledge JH, Freedman R. Heritability of inhibitory gating of the P50 auditory-evoked potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Neuropsychobiology. 1996; 33(3):113-7. PMID: 8776738.
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    115. Waldo M, Myles-Worsley M, Madison A, Byerley W, Freedman R. Sensory gating deficits in parents of schizophrenics. Am J Med Genet. 1995 Dec 18; 60(6):506-11. PMID: 8825886.
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    116. Adams CE, DeMasters BK, Freedman R. Regional zinc staining in postmortem hippocampus from schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res. 1995 Dec; 18(1):71-7. PMID: 8929763.
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    117. Miller CL, Freedman R. The activity of hippocampal interneurons and pyramidal cells during the response of the hippocampus to repeated auditory stimuli. Neuroscience. 1995 Nov; 69(2):371-81. PMID: 8552235.
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    118. Sydow O, Hansson P, Young D, Meyerson B, Backlund EO, Ebendal T, Farnebo LO, Freedman R, Hamberger B, Hoffer B, Seiger A, Str?mberq I, Olson L. Long-term beneficial effects of adrenal medullary autografts supported by nerve growth factor in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 1995 Nov; 2(5):445-54. PMID: 24283725.
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    119. Khan AS, Freedman R, Byerley W, Leonard S. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the beta-NGF gene in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1995 May; 20(3):199-209. PMID: 7786881.
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    120. Breese CR, Freedman R, Leonard SS. Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers. Brain Res. 1995 Mar 13; 674(1):82-90. PMID: 7773698.
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    121. Freedman R, Adler LE, Bickford P, Byerley W, Coon H, Cullum CM, Griffith JM, Harris JG, Leonard S, Miller C, et al. Schizophrenia and nicotinic receptors. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1994 Nov-Dec; 2(4):179-92. PMID: 9384901.
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    122. Schultz LD, Markus HZ, Hofmann KJ, Montgomery DL, Dunwiddie CT, Kniskern PJ, Freedman RB, Ellis RW, Tuite MF. Using molecular genetics to improve the production of recombinant proteins by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 May 02; 721:148-57. PMID: 8010665.
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    123. Griffith JM, Adler LE, Freedman R. Fine motor performance in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology. 1994; 29(4):179-84. PMID: 8047244.
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    124. Adler LE, Hoffer LD, Wiser A, Freedman R. Normalization of auditory physiology by cigarette smoking in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Dec; 150(12):1856-61. PMID: 8238642.
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    125. Browning MD, Dudek EM, Rapier JL, Leonard S, Freedman R. Significant reductions in synapsin but not synaptophysin specific activity in the brains of some schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Oct 15; 34(8):529-35. PMID: 8274580.
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    126. Griffith JM, Waldo M, Adler LE, Freedman R. Normalization of auditory sensory gating in schizophrenic patients after a brief period for sleep. Psychiatry Res. 1993 Oct; 49(1):29-39. PMID: 8140180.
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    127. Cullum CM, Harris JG, Waldo MC, Smernoff E, Madison A, Nagamoto HT, Griffith J, Adler LE, Freedman R. Neurophysiological and neuropsychological evidence for attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1993 Aug; 10(2):131-41. PMID: 8398945.
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    128. Miller CL, Freedman R. Medial septal neuron activity in relation to an auditory sensory gating paradigm. Neuroscience. 1993 Jul; 55(2):373-80. PMID: 7690909.
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    129. Leonard S, Logel J, Luthman D, Casanova M, Kirch D, Freedman R. Biological stability of mRNA isolated from human postmortem brain collections. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Mar 15; 33(6):456-66. PMID: 8098224.
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    130. Hoffer BJ, Leenders KL, Young D, Gerhardt G, Zerbe GO, Bygdeman M, Seiger A, Olson L, Str?mberg I, Freedman R. Eighteen-month course of two patients with grafts of fetal dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 1992 Dec; 118(3):243-52. PMID: 1306484.
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    131. Miller CL, Bickford PC, Luntz-Leybman V, Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, Freedman R. Phencyclidine and auditory sensory gating in the hippocampus of the rat. Neuropharmacology. 1992 Oct; 31(10):1041-8. PMID: 1436386.
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    132. Luntz-Leybman V, Bickford PC, Freedman R. Cholinergic gating of response to auditory stimuli in rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 1992 Jul 31; 587(1):130-6. PMID: 1525643.
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    133. Freedman R, Waldo M, Bickford-Wimer P, Nagamoto H. Elementary neuronal dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1991 Mar-Apr; 4(2):233-43. PMID: 1645590.
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    134. Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, Franks R, Baker N, Nagamoto H, Drebing C, Freedman R. Sensory physiology and catecholamines in schizophrenia and mania. Psychiatry Res. 1990 Mar; 31(3):297-309. PMID: 2333360.
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    135. Baker NJ, Staunton M, Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, Drebing C, Waldo M, Nagamoto H, Freedman R. Sensory gating deficits in psychiatric inpatients: relation to catecholamine metabolites in different diagnostic groups. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Mar 01; 27(5):519-28. PMID: 2310807.
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    136. Drebing CJ, Freedman R, Waldo M, Gerhardt GA. Unconjugated methoxylated catecholamine metabolites in human saliva. Quantitation methodology and comparison with plasma levels. Biomed Chromatogr. 1989 Sep; 3(5):217-20. PMID: 2804429.
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    137. Boyajian CL, Bickford-Wimer P, Kim MB, Freedman R, Cooper DM. Pertussis toxin lesioning of the nucleus caudate-putamen attenuates adenylate cyclase inhibition and alters neuronal electrophysiological activity. Brain Res. 1989 Aug 21; 495(1):66-74. PMID: 2505888.
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    138. Gerhardt GA, Drebing CJ, Stephen C, Freedman R. Direct determination of unconjugated HVA in human plasma filtrates by HPLC coupled with dual-electrode coulometric electrochemical detection. Biomed Chromatogr. 1989 May; 3(3):105-9. PMID: 2765691.
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    139. Bell J, Bickford-Wimer PC, de la Garza R, Egan M, Freedman R. Increased central noradrenergic activity during benzodiazepine withdrawal: an electrophysiological study. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Nov; 27(11):1187-90. PMID: 3205385.
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    140. Parfitt KD, Freedman R, Bickford-Wimer PC. Electrophysiological effects of locally applied noradrenergic agents at cerebellar Purkinje neurons: receptor specificity. Brain Res. 1988 Oct 18; 462(2):242-51. PMID: 2847850.
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    141. Baker NJ, Adler LE, Waldo M, Gerhardt G, Drebing C, Cox B, Berry S, Phillips W, Freedman R. Reproducibility of the measurement of plasma noradrenergic and dopaminergic metabolites in normal subjects. Psychiatry Res. 1988 Feb; 23(2):119-30. PMID: 3363020.
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    142. Freedman R, Nagamoto H. Brain evoked potentials as predictors of risk. Recent Dev Alcohol. 1988; 6:323-31. PMID: 3363184.
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    143. Hoffer BJ, Rose G, Parfitt K, Freedman R, Bickford-Wimer PC. Age-related changes in cerebellar noradrenergic function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988; 515:269-86. PMID: 3364888.
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    144. de la Garza R, McGuire TJ, Freedman R, Hoffer BJ. Selective antagonism of nicotine actions in the rat cerebellum with alpha-bungarotoxin. Neuroscience. 1987 Dec; 23(3):887-91. PMID: 3437995.
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    145. de la Garza R, McGuire TJ, Freedman R, Hoffer BJ. The electrophysiological effects of nicotine in the rat cerebellum: evidence for direct postsynaptic actions. Neurosci Lett. 1987 Oct 05; 80(3):303-8. PMID: 3683986.
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    146. Gratton A, Hoffer BJ, Freedman R. Electrophysiological effects of phencyclidine in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat. Neuropharmacology. 1987 Sep; 26(9):1275-83. PMID: 3670556.
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    147. Freedman R, Adler LE, Baker N, Waldo M, Mizner G. Candidate for inherited neurobiological dysfunction in schizophrenia. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1987 Jul; 13(4):479-84. PMID: 3455019.
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    148. Freedman R, Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, Waldo M, Baker N, Rose GM, Drebing C, Nagamoto H, Bickford-Wimer P, Franks R. Neurobiological studies of sensory gating in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13(4):669-78. PMID: 2894074.
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