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Robert G Kowalski

TitleResearch Instructor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-NS General Operations

    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Northwestern University, Evanston, ILBS06/1983Journalism
    Columbia University, New York, NYPostbaccalaureate Premedical05/2002Premedical Education
    Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.MS08/2005Physiology and Biophysics
    National University of Ireland, University College Cork School of Medicine, Cork, IrelandMD (MBBCh)06/2009Medicine
    University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, COPhD08/2024Clinical Science
    Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MDInternship06/2013Internal Medicine
    Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CTResidency06/2014Neurology

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    Robert G. Kowalski, MD, PhD, is Assistant Professor, research, in the Department of Neurosurgery and a research physician in the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine. His research interests are acute and critical care Neurological conditions including stroke, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, and coma.

    He is Deputy Managing Editor of Annals of Neurology.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    24TPA1293938     (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, PhD)Jul 1, 2024 - Jun 30, 2027
    American Heart Association
    Evaluation of ultra-early interleukin-6 levels in acute stroke to estimate stroke onset timing.
    Role Description: The study enrolls patient treated on a Mobile Stroke Unit at the University of Colorado and evaluates IL-6 in real time with a point-of-care device developed by an industry collaborator.
    Role: Principal Investigator
    LRP     (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, PhD)Jul 1, 2024 - Jun 30, 2025
    National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
    Ultra-early cellular, molecular and neuroinflammatory biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke.
    Role Description: The study enrolls patient treated on a Mobile Stroke Unit at the University of Colorado and evaluates blood-based biomarkers of acute stroke.
    Role: Principal Investigator
    LRP     (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, MS)Jul 29, 2021 - Aug 1, 2023
    NIH/NINDS
    Ultra-early cellular, molecular and neuroinflammatory biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke.
    Role Description: The study enrolls patient treated on a Mobile Stroke Unit at the University of Colorado and evaluates blood-based biomarkers of acute stroke.
    Role: Principal Investigator
         (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, MS)Oct 1, 2018 - Apr 1, 2020
    MaxQ Artificial Intelligence
    Retrospective Collection of Non-Contrast Head CT images for Clinical Evaluation of MaxQ-AI Accipio Family Software study.
    Role Description: The goal of this project is to utilize neuroimaging software that incorporates artificial intelligence to rapidly and accurately identify intracranial hemorrhage on non-contrast heat CT. Potential applications include hyperacute settings where rapid CT evaluation is critical, and emergency medicine facilities that lack on-call neurological and/or neuroradiological staffing.
    Role: Principal Investigator
         (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, MS)Jul 1, 2017 - Jun 30, 2019
    Colorado Department of Human Services
    Role and Neuroanatomic Basis of Concurrent Medical Conditions in Outcome Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Development of a TBI-specific Index.
    Role Description: The goal of this project is to utilize neuroimaging and data on co-occurring medical conditions to assess the impact of these conditions on outcome in traumatic brain injury. The study was designed to incorporate a novel system for assessing the acuity of concurrent medical conditions to develop a TBI-specific index for use in brain injury research.
    Role: Principal Investigator
         (Robert G. Kowalski, MD, MS)Aug 1, 2015 - Jul 1, 2016
    Colorado Neurological Institute
    Neuroanatomic Predictors of Longer-term Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury: Craig Hospital Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study.
    Role Description: The goal of this study is to evaluate neuroanatomic changes in brain imaging at several time points after traumatic brain injury for association or predictive effect on patient outcome.
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Snider SB, Temkin NR, Barber J, Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Hammond FM, Izzy S, Kowalski RG, Markowitz AJ, Rovito CA, Shih SL, Zafonte RD, Manley GT, Bodien YG. Predicting Functional Dependency in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A TBI-Model Systems and TRACK-TBI Study. Ann Neurol. 2023 12; 94(6):1008-1023. PMID: 37470289.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Snider SB, Temkin NR, Barber J, Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Hammond FM, Izzy S, Kowalski RG, Markowitz AJ, Rovito CA, Shih SL, Zafonte RD, Manley GT, Bodien YG. Predicting Functional Dependency in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A TBI-Model Systems and TRACK-TBI Study. medRxiv. 2023 Mar 15. PMID: 36993195.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Kowalski RG, Ledreux A, Violette JE, Neumann RT, Ornelas D, Yu X, Griffiths SG, Lewis S, Nash P, Monte AA, Coughlan CM, Deighan C, Grotta JC, Jones WJ, Graner MW. Rapid Activation of Neuroinflammation in Stroke: Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles Obtained on a Mobile Stroke Unit. Stroke. 2023 03; 54(3):e52-e57. PMID: 36727508.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Zhou W, Lovasz D, Zizzo Z, He Q, Coughlan C, Kowalski RG, Kennedy PGE, Graner AN, Lillehei KO, Ormond DR, Youssef AS, Graner MW, Yu X. Phenotype and Neuronal Cytotoxic Function of Glioblastoma Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines. 2022 10 27; 10(11). PMID: 36359238.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Snider SB, Kowalski RG, Hammond FM, Izzy S, Shih SL, Rovito C, Edlow BL, Zafonte RD, Giacino JT, Bodien YG. Comparison of Common Outcome Measures for Assessing Independence in Patients Diagnosed with Disorders of Consciousness: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study. J Neurotrauma. 2022 09; 39(17-18):1222-1230. PMID: 35531895.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Uphaus T, Audebert HJ, Graner MW, Tiedt S, Kowalski RG. Editorial: Blood-Based Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Front Neurol. 2022; 13:866166. PMID: 35280278.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Kowalski RG, Whyte J, Giacino JT. Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery Trajectories in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness-Reply. JAMA Neurol. 2021 11 01; 78(11):1412-1413. PMID: 34605886.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Fringuello A, Tatman PD, Wroblewski T, Thompson JA, Yu X, Lillehei KO, Kowalski RG, Graner MW. Cytokine-Laden Extracellular Vesicles Predict Patient Prognosis after Cerebrovascular Accident. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 22; 22(15). PMID: 34360613.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Kowalski RG, Hammond FM, Weintraub AH, Nakase-Richardson R, Zafonte RD, Whyte J, Giacino JT. Recovery of Consciousness and Functional Outcome in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA Neurol. 2021 05 01; 78(5):548-557. PMID: 33646273.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Thompson S, Hays K, Weintraub A, Ketchum JM, Kowalski RG. Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation and Gait Training in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. J Music Ther. 2021 Mar 16; 58(1):70-94. PMID: 33095230.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Viarasilpa T, Panyavachiraporn N, Osman G, Kowalski RG, Miller J, Barkley GL, Mayer SA. Differentiation of psychogenic nonepileptic attacks from status epilepticus among patients intubated for convulsive activity. Epilepsy Behav. 2021 02; 115:107679. PMID: 33360401.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Mac Grory B, Nackenoff A, Poli S, Spitzer MS, Nedelmann M, Guillon B, Preterre C, Chen CS, Lee AW, Yaghi S, Stretz C, Azher I, Paddock J, Bakaeva T, Greer DM, Shulman JG, Kowalski RG, Lavin P, Mistry E, Espaillat K, Furie K, Kirshner H, Schrag M. Intravenous Fibrinolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Cohort Study and Updated Patient-Level Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2020 07; 51(7):2018-2025. PMID: 32568646.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Viarasilpa T, Panyavachiraporn N, Marashi SM, Van Harn M, Kowalski RG, Mayer SA. Prediction of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients: The ICU-Venous Thromboembolism Score. Crit Care Med. 2020 06; 48(6):e470-e479. PMID: 32187076.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Pretz C, Kowalski RG, Cuthbert JP, Whiteneck GG, Miller AC, Ketchum JM, Dams-O'Connor K. Return to Productivity Projections for Individuals With Moderate to Severe TBI Following Inpatient Rehabilitation: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2020 Mar/Apr; 35(2):140-151. PMID: 31365435.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Dams-O'Connor K, Ketchum JM, Cuthbert JP, Corrigan JD, Hammond FM, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Kowalski RG, Miller AC. Functional Outcome Trajectories Following Inpatient Rehabilitation for TBI in the United States: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2020 Mar/Apr; 35(2):127-139. PMID: 31033744.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Schimpf B, Deanda K, Severenuk DA, Montgomery TM, Cooley GD, Kowalski RG, Vela-Duarte D, Jones WJ. Integration of Real-Time Electronic Health Records and Wireless Technology in a Mobile Stroke Unit. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Sep; 28(9):2530-2536. PMID: 31307897.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Viarasilpa T, Panyavachiraporn N, Jordan J, Marashi SM, van Harn M, Akioyamen NO, Kowalski RG, Mayer SA. Venous Thromboembolism in Neurocritical Care Patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2020 Nov; 35(11):1226-1234. PMID: 31060441.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Brown AW, Pretz CR, Bell KR, Hammond FM, Arciniegas DB, Bodien YG, Dams-O'Connor K, Giacino JT, Hart T, Johnson-Greene D, Kowalski RG, Walker WC, Weintraub A, Zafonte R. Predictive utility of an adapted Marshall head CT classification scheme after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2019; 33(5):610-617. PMID: 30663426.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Nyberg EM, Cox JR, Kowalski RG, Vela-Duarte D, Schimpf B, Jones WJ. Mobile Stroke Unit Reduces Time to Image Acquisition and Reporting. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 07; 39(7):1293-1295. PMID: 29773569.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Kowalski RG, Weintraub AH, Rubin BA, Gerber DJ, Olsen AJ. Impact of timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement on outcome in posttraumatic hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2019 02 01; 130(2):406-417. PMID: 29473779.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Kowalski RG, Haarbauer-Krupa JK, Bell JM, Corrigan JD, Hammond FM, Torbey MT, Hofmann MC, Dams-O'Connor K, Miller AC, Whiteneck GG. Acute Ischemic Stroke After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence and Impact on Outcome. Stroke. 2017 07; 48(7):1802-1809. PMID: 28611087.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Weintraub AH, Gerber DJ, Kowalski RG. Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus as a Confounding Influence on Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Feb; 98(2):312-319. PMID: 27670926.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Charlifue S, Tate D, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns S, Chen Y, Chun S, Jakeman LB, Kowalski RG, Noonan VK, Ullrich P. Harmonization of Databases: A Step for Advancing the Knowledge About Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 10; 97(10):1805-18. PMID: 27137095.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Chang TR, Kowalski RG, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ, Naval NS. Cocaine use as an independent predictor of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2016 Mar; 124(3):730-5. PMID: 26315001.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Kalanuria AA, Fellerman D, Nyquist P, Geocadin R, Kowalski RG, Nussenblatt V, Rajarathinam M, Ziai W. Variability in Diagnosis and Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neurocritical Care Patients. Neurocrit Care. 2015 Aug; 23(1):44-53. PMID: 25634643.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Rivera-Lara L, Kowalski RG, Schneider EB, Tamargo RJ, Nyquist P. Elevated relative risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with colder weather in the mid-Atlantic region. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Oct; 22(10):1582-7. PMID: 26149403.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Kowalski RG, Buitrago MM, Duckworth J, Chonka ZD, Puttgen HA, Stevens RD, Geocadin RG. Neuroanatomical predictors of awakening in acutely comatose patients. Ann Neurol. 2015 May; 77(5):804-16. PMID: 25628166.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Chang TR, Kowalski RG, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ, Naval NS. Impact of case volume on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes. J Crit Care. 2015 Jun; 30(3):469-72. PMID: 25648904.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Schneider EB, Sur S, Raymont V, Duckworth J, Kowalski RG, Efron DT, Hui X, Selvarajah S, Hambridge HL, Stevens RD. Functional recovery after moderate/severe traumatic brain injury: a role for cognitive reserve? Neurology. 2014 May 06; 82(18):1636-42. PMID: 24759845.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Kowalski RG, Chang TR, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ, Naval NS. Withdrawal of technological life support following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2013 Dec; 19(3):269-75. PMID: 24166245.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Naval NS, Kowalski RG, Chang TR, Caserta F, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ. The SAH Score: a comprehensive communication tool. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 May-Jun; 23(5):902-9. PMID: 24103667.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Chang TR, Kowalski RG, Caserta F, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ, Naval NS. Impact of acute cocaine use on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2013 Jul; 44(7):1825-9. PMID: 23652270.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Kowalski RG, Ziai WC, Rees RN, Werner JK, Kim G, Goodwin H, Geocadin RG. Third-line antiepileptic therapy and outcome in status epilepticus: the impact of vasopressor use and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2012 Sep; 40(9):2677-84. PMID: 22732291.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Naval NS, Chang T, Caserta F, Kowalski RG, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ. Improved aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes: a comparison of 2 decades at an academic center. J Crit Care. 2013 Apr; 28(2):182-8. PMID: 22835419.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Naval NS, Chang T, Caserta F, Kowalski RG, Carhuapoma JR, Tamargo RJ. Impact of pattern of admission on outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Crit Care. 2012 Oct; 27(5):532.e1-7. PMID: 22520493.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Geocadin RG, Kowalski RG. Imaging brain injury after cardiac arrest resuscitation when it really matters. Resuscitation. 2011 Sep; 82(9):1124-5. PMID: 21719185.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Jia X, Kowalski RG, Sciubba DM, Geocadin RG. Critical care of traumatic spinal cord injury. J Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jan-Feb; 28(1):12-23. PMID: 21482574.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Neligan A, O'Sullivan SS, Mullins GM, McCarthy A, Kowalski RG, Kinsella J, McNamara B. A review of nerve conduction studies in cases of suspected compression neuropathies of the upper limb. Eur Neurol. 2010; 63(1):11-6. PMID: 19923839.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Neligan A, Kowalski RG, Renganathan R, Spencer J, Sweeney BJ. Suboptimal control of blood pressure at hospital discharge in stroke patients. Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Jun; 178(2):239-40. PMID: 19129976.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Mahon P, Kowalski RG, Fitzgerald AP, Lynch EM, Boylan GB, McNamara B, Shorten GD. Spectral entropy as a monitor of depth of propofol induced sedation. J Clin Monit Comput. 2008 Apr; 22(2):87-93. PMID: 18253846.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Fernandez A, Schmidt JM, Claassen J, Pavlicova M, Huddleston D, Kreiter KT, Ostapkovich ND, Kowalski RG, Parra A, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Fever after subarachnoid hemorrhage: risk factors and impact on outcome. Neurology. 2007 Mar 27; 68(13):1013-9. PMID: 17314332.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Schmidt JM, Rincon F, Fernandez A, Resor C, Kowalski RG, Claassen J, Connolly ES, Fitzsimmons BF, Mayer SA. Cerebral infarction associated with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2007; 7(1):10-7. PMID: 17657652.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Badjatia N, Kowalski RG, Schmidt JM, Voorhees ME, Claassen J, Ostapkovich ND, Presciutti M, Connolly ES, Palestrant D, Parra A, Mayer SA. Predictors and clinical implications of shivering during therapeutic normothermia. Neurocrit Care. 2007; 6(3):186-91. PMID: 17534584.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Presciutti M, Ostapkovich ND, McGann E, Fitzsimmons BF, Yavagal DR, Du YE, Naidech AM, Janjua NA, Claassen J, Kreiter KT, Parra A, Commichau C. Clinical trial of a novel surface cooling system for fever control in neurocritical care patients. Crit Care Med. 2004 Dec; 32(12):2508-15. PMID: 15599159.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004 May 25; 62(10):1743-8. PMID: 15159471.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Claassen J, Vu A, Kreiter KT, Kowalski RG, Du EY, Ostapkovich N, Fitzsimmons BF, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Effect of acute physiologic derangements on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar; 32(3):832-8. PMID: 15090970.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Kowalski RG, Claassen J, Kreiter KT, Bates JE, Ostapkovich ND, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Initial misdiagnosis and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. JAMA. 2004 Feb 18; 291(7):866-9. PMID: 14970066.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Ballard J, Kreiter KT, Claassen J, Kowalski RG, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Risk factors for continued cigarette use after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003 Aug; 34(8):1859-63. PMID: 12843355.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Rapid Activation of Neuroinflammation in Stroke: Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles Obtained on a Mobile Stroke Unit.
      View Publication
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