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Edwin Liu

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-PEDS
Phone720/777-6669

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    R21DK084568     (LIU, EDWIN)Sep 30, 2009 - Jul 31, 2013
    NIH
    Characterizing the genetic architecture of childhood onset celiac disease using n
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K08DK064605     (LIU, EDWIN)Jul 1, 2003 - Jun 30, 2009
    NIH
    Altering the pl of peptide vaccines to avoid anaphylaxis
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Chang D, Wong M, Davidowitz CR, Absah I, Badalyan V, Chaaban MK, Fahey L, Isaac DM, Khanna M, Lansing M, Liu E, Raber C, Singh A, Stahl MG, Walsh CM, Silvester JA, Leonard MM. Assessing Mucosal Recovery During the First 15 Months of Adopting a Gluten-Free Diet in Children With Celiac Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 Mar 14. PMID: 40084739.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Corrado MM, Liu E, McQueen RB, Stahl MG. Cost-Minimization Analysis of Celiac Disease Screening Strategies. Pediatrics. 2025 Feb 01; 155(2). PMID: 39837496.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Lernmark ?, Agardh D, Akolkar B, Gesualdo P, Hagopian WA, Haller MJ, Hy?ty H, Johnson SB, Elding Larsson H, Liu E, Lynch KF, McKinney EF, McIndoe R, Melin J, Norris JM, Rewers M, Rich SS, Toppari J, Triplett E, Vehik K, Virtanen SM, Ziegler AG, Schatz DA, Krischer J. Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025 Mar; 21(3):154-165. PMID: 39496810.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Eur?n A, Lynch K, Lindfors K, Parikh H, Koletzko S, Liu E, Akolkar B, Hagopian W, Krischer J, Rewers M, Toppari J, Ziegler A, Agardh D, Kurppa K. Risk of celiac disease autoimmunity is modified by interactions between CD247 and environmental exposures. Sci Rep. 2024 10 26; 14(1):25463. PMID: 39462122.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Coburn S, Trojanowski PJ, Vagadori J, Hinds P, Germone M, Liu E, Streisand R, Bost J. Development and Validation of a Pediatric Celiac Disease-Specific Quality of Life Measure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 May 01; 120(5):1116-1126. PMID: 39401060.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Joseph M, Liu E, Mark JA. Outcomes of pediatric endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block: A single center pilot study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024 Nov; 79(5):1056-1061. PMID: 39118490.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Stahl MG, Pan Z, Germone M, Nagle S, Mehta P, Shull M, Griffith I, Shuler B, Hoffenberg E, Taki I, Geno-Rasmussen C, Rewers MJ, Norris JM, Liu E. One-Year Outcomes Among Children Identified With Celiac Disease Through a Mass Screening Program. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Jun; 23(7):1135-1142. PMID: 38615728.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Stahl M, Koletzko S, Andr?n Aronsson C, Lindfors K, Liu E, Agardh D. Coeliac disease: what can we learn from prospective studies about disease risk? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2024 01; 8(1):63-74. PMID: 37972632.
      View in: PubMed
    9. H?rd Af Segerstad EM, Mramba LK, Liu X, Uusitalo U, Yang J, Norris J, Virtanen SM, Liu E, Kurppa K, Koletzko S, Ziegler AG, Toppari J, Rewers M, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Aronsson CA, Agardh D. Associations of dietary patterns between age 9 and 24 months with risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 12; 118(6):1099-1105. PMID: 38044022.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Shuler B, Liu E, Stahl MG. Population level screening for celiac disease: is now the time? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2023 11 01; 39(6):455-462. PMID: 37678180.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Corrado MM, Jia X, Geno Rasmussen C, Pyle L, Yu L, Liu E, Stahl M, Rewers MJ. Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Associated With Increased Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 09 01; 118(9):1698-1700. PMID: 37159249.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Alexander E, Stahl M, Weaver A, Devara J, Fahey LM, Singh A, Leonard MM, Weisbrod V, Shull M, Silvester J, Kramer Z, Kerzner B, Liu E, Absah I. The Spectrum of Duodenal Histologic Findings in Patients With Trisomy 21: A Multicenter Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023 08 01; 77(2):184-190. PMID: 37184455.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Mehta P, Li Q, Stahl M, Uusitalo U, Lindfors K, Butterworth MD, Kurppa K, Virtanen S, Koletzko S, Aronsson C, Hagopian WA, Rewers MJ, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Agardh D, Liu E. Gluten-free diet adherence in children with screening-detected celiac disease using a prospective birth cohort study. PLoS One. 2023; 18(2):e0275123. PMID: 36730234.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Stahl M, Li Q, Lynch K, Koletzko S, Mehta P, Gragert L, Norris JM, Andr?n Aronsson C, Lindfors K, Kurppa K, Ilonen J, Krischer J, Alkolkar B, Ziegler AG, Toppari J, Rewers MJ, Agardh D, Hagopian W, Liu E. Incidence of Pediatric Celiac Disease Varies by Region. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 03 01; 118(3):539-545. PMID: 36219178.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Cheung T, de Zoeten EF, Hoffenberg EJ, Liu E, Pan Z, Walker T, Stahl M. Characteristics of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Coexisting Celiac Disease Seropositivity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 12 01; 75(6):737-742. PMID: 36122373.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Germone M, Phu T, Slosky C, Pan Z, Jones A, Stahl M, Mehta P, Shull M, Ariefdjohan M, Liu E. Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric Patients with Celiac Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 08 01; 75(2):181-185. PMID: 35641896.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Germone MM, Ariefdjohan M, Stahl M, Shull M, Mehta P, Nagle S, Tarbell S, Liu E. Family ties: the impact of celiac disease on children and caregivers. Qual Life Res. 2022 Jul; 31(7):2107-2118. PMID: 34984588.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Kilgore AL, Hawa JT, Liu E, Belkind-Gerson J, Santucci KK. EDS-related Feeding Difficulties: Preventing the Placement of a Surgical Feeding Tube. JPGN Rep. 2022 Feb; 3(1):e147. PMID: 37168755.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Stahl MG, Geno Rasmussen C, Dong F, Waugh K, Norris JM, Baxter J, Yu L, Steck AK, Frohnert BI, Liu E, Rewers MJ. Mass Screening for Celiac Disease: The Autoimmunity Screening for Kids Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 01 01; 116(1):180-187. PMID: 32701732.
      View in: PubMed
    20. He L, Jia X, Gu Y, Miao D, Waugh K, Geno C, Liu E, Rewers M, Yu L. Large-Scale Screening in General Population Children for Celiac Disease with a Multiplex Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Assay. J Immunol Res. 2020; 2020:8897656. PMID: 33426098.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Stahl MG, Dong F, Lamb MM, Waugh KC, Taki I, St?rdal K, Stene LC, Rewers MJ, Liu E, Norris JM, M?rild K. Childhood growth prior to screen-detected celiac disease: prospective follow-up of an at-risk birth cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020 Nov; 55(11):1284-1290. PMID: 32941083.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Liu E, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Marmolejo J, Daniels D, Prince G, Hickey F. Routine Screening for Celiac Disease in Children With Down Syndrome Improves Case Finding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 08; 71(2):252-256. PMID: 32304557.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Stahl MG, Mehta P, Liu E, Shull MH. Pushing the Gluten-free Envelope: First Steps Towards Evidence-based Gluten-free Diet Recommendations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 03; 70(3):275-276. PMID: 31899732.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Lindfors K, Lin J, Lee HS, Hy?ty H, Nykter M, Kurppa K, Liu E, Koletzko S, Rewers M, Hagopian W, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Petrosino JF, Lloyd RE, Agardh D. Metagenomics of the faecal virome indicate a cumulative effect of enterovirus and gluten amount on the risk of coeliac disease autoimmunity in genetically at risk children: the TEDDY study. Gut. 2020 08; 69(8):1416-1422. PMID: 31744911.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Andr?n Aronsson C, Lee HS, H?rd Af Segerstad EM, Uusitalo U, Yang J, Koletzko S, Liu E, Kurppa K, Bingley PJ, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, She JX, Hagopian WA, Rewers M, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Virtanen SM, Norris JM, Agardh D. Association of Gluten Intake During the First 5 Years of Life With Incidence of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Celiac Disease Among Children at Increased Risk. JAMA. 2019 08 13; 322(6):514-523. PMID: 31408136.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Uusitalo U, Andren Aronsson C, Liu X, Kurppa K, Yang J, Liu E, Skidmore J, Winkler C, Rewers MJ, Hagopian WA, She JX, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Norris JM, Virtanen SM, Krischer JP, Agardh D. Early Probiotic Supplementation and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children at Genetic Risk. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 02; 11(8). PMID: 31382440.
      View in: PubMed
    27. M?rild K, Dong F, Lund-Blix NA, Seifert J, Bar?n AE, Waugh KC, Taki I, St?rdal K, Tapia G, Stene LC, Johnson RK, Liu E, Rewers MJ, Norris JM. Gluten Intake and Risk of Celiac Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of an At-Risk Birth Cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 08; 114(8):1307-1314. PMID: 31082869.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Agardh D, Liu E, Triplett EW. Efficiency of Deamidated Gliadin Peptides for Screening Celiac Disease Autoimmunity-Reply. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 05 01; 172(5):497. PMID: 29554178.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Koletzko S, Lee HS, Beyerlein A, Aronsson CA, Hummel M, Liu E, Simell V, Kurppa K, Lernmark ?, Hagopian W, Rewers M, She JX, Simell O, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Krischer J, Agardh D. Cesarean Section on the Risk of Celiac Disease in the Offspring: The Teddy Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 03; 66(3):417-424. PMID: 28753178.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Mehta P, Pan Z, Riley MD, Liu E. Adherence to a Gluten-free Diet: Assessment by Dietician Interview and Serology. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 03; 66(3):e67-e70. PMID: 28806297.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Simmons JH, Foster NC, Riddlesworth TD, DuBose SN, Redondo MJ, Liu E, Freemark M. Sex- and age-dependent effects of celiac disease on growth and weight gain in children with type 1 diabetes: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes Exchange Clinic Registry. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 06; 19(4):741-748. PMID: 29271067.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Kemppainen KM, Vehik K, Lynch KF, Larsson HE, Canepa RJ, Simell V, Koletzko S, Liu E, Simell OG, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Rewers MJ, Lernmark ?, Hagopian WA, She JX, Akolkar B, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Blaser MJ, Krischer JP, Hy?ty H, Agardh D, Triplett EW. Association Between Early-Life Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Islet or Celiac Disease Autoimmunity. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 12 01; 171(12):1217-1225. PMID: 29052687.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Hagopian W, Lee HS, Liu E, Rewers M, She JX, Ziegler AG, Lernmark ?, Toppari J, Rich SS, Krischer JP, Erlich H, Akolkar B, Agardh D. Co-occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease Autoimmunity. Pediatrics. 2017 Nov; 140(5). PMID: 29018046.
      View in: PubMed
    34. M?rild K, St?rdal K, Bulik CM, Rewers M, Ekbom A, Liu E, Ludvigsson JF. Celiac Disease and Anorexia Nervosa: A Nationwide Study. Pediatrics. 2017 May; 139(5). PMID: 28557761.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Smith LB, Lynch KF, Kurppa K, Koletzko S, Krischer J, Liu E, Johnson SB, Agardh D. Psychological Manifestations of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Young Children. Pediatrics. 2017 Mar; 139(3). PMID: 28219962.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Liu E, Dong F, Bar?n AE, Taki I, Norris JM, Frohnert BI, Hoffenberg EJ, Rewers M. High Incidence of Celiac Disease in a Long-term Study of Adolescents With Susceptibility Genotypes. Gastroenterology. 2017 05; 152(6):1329-1336.e1. PMID: 28188747.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Zhao Z, Miao D, Waugh K, Taki I, Dong F, Liu E, Rewers M, Liu Y, Yu L. Higher Sensitivity and Earlier Identification of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity by a Nonradioactive Assay for Transglutaminase Autoantibodies. J Immunol Res. 2016; 2016:2904563. PMID: 28127566.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Kemppainen KM, Lynch KF, Liu E, L?nnrot M, Simell V, Briese T, Koletzko S, Hagopian W, Rewers M, She JX, Simell O, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Lernmark ?, Hy?ty H, Triplett EW, Agardh D. Factors That Increase Risk of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity After a Gastrointestinal Infection in Early Life. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 May; 15(5):694-702.e5. PMID: 27840181.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Snyder J, Butzner JD, DeFelice AR, Fasano A, Guandalini S, Liu E, Newton KP. Evidence-Informed Expert Recommendations for the Management of Celiac Disease in Children. Pediatrics. 2016 09; 138(3). PMID: 27565547.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Zhao Z, Zou J, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Cai H, Li M, Liu E, Yu L, Liu Y. Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Patients with Autoimmune Diabetes and Thyroid Disease among Chinese Population. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0157510. PMID: 27427767.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Sharma A, Liu X, Hadley D, Hagopian W, Liu E, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Simell V, Rewers M, Ziegler AG, Lernmark ?, Simell O, Toppari J, Krischer JP, Akolkar B, Rich SS, Agardh D, She JX. Identification of Non-HLA Genes Associated with Celiac Disease and Country-Specific Differences in a Large, International Pediatric Cohort. PLoS One. 2016; 11(3):e0152476. PMID: 27015091.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Andr?n Aronsson C, Lee HS, Koletzko S, Uusitalo U, Yang J, Virtanen SM, Liu E, Lernmark ?, Norris JM, Agardh D. Effects of Gluten Intake on Risk of Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study on a Swedish Birth Cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar; 14(3):403-409.e3. PMID: 26453955.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Simmons KM, McFann K, Taki I, Liu E, Klingensmith GJ, Rewers MJ, Frohnert BI. Reduced Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb; 169:44-8.e1. PMID: 26561381.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Pinto-S?nchez MI, Verdu EF, Liu E, Bercik P, Green PH, Murray JA, Guandalini S, Moayyedi P. Gluten Introduction to Infant Feeding and Risk of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr. 2016 Jan; 168:132-143.e3. PMID: 26500108.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Hadley D, Hagopian W, Liu E, She JX, Simell O, Akolkar B, Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Krischer JP, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Bugawan TL, Rich SS, Erlich H, Agardh D. HLA-DPB1*04:01 Protects Genetically Susceptible Children from Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun; 110(6):915-20. PMID: 26010309.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Agardh D, Lee HS, Kurppa K, Simell V, Aronsson CA, J?rneus O, Hummel M, Liu E, Koletzko S. Clinical features of celiac disease: a prospective birth cohort. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr; 135(4):627-34. PMID: 25733751.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Kelly CP, Bai JC, Liu E, Leffler DA. Advances in diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2015 May; 148(6):1175-86. PMID: 25662623.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Aronsson CA, Lee HS, Liu E, Uusitalo U, Hummel S, Yang J, Hummel M, Rewers M, She JX, Simell O, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Krischer J, Virtanen SM, Norris JM, Agardh D. Age at gluten introduction and risk of celiac disease. Pediatrics. 2015 Feb; 135(2):239-45. PMID: 25601977.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Liu E, Lee HS, Agardh D. Risk of celiac disease according to HLA haplotype and country. N Engl J Med. 2014 09 11; 371(11):1074. PMID: 25207776.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Liu E, Lee HS, Aronsson CA, Hagopian WA, Koletzko S, Rewers MJ, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley PJ, Bonifacio E, Simell V, Agardh D. Risk of pediatric celiac disease according to HLA haplotype and country. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 03; 371(1):42-9. PMID: 24988556.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Liu E, McDaniel K, Case S, Yu L, Gerhartz B, Ostermann N, Fankhauser G, Hungerford V, Zou C, Luyten M, Seidl KJ, Michels AW. Exploring T cell reactivity to gliadin in young children with newly diagnosed celiac disease. Autoimmune Dis. 2014; 2014:927190. PMID: 24724018.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Steck AK, Dong F, Wong R, Fouts A, Liu E, Romanos J, Wijmenga C, Norris JM, Rewers MJ. Improving prediction of type 1 diabetes by testing non-HLA genetic variants in addition to HLA markers. Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Aug; 15(5):355-62. PMID: 25075402.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Romanos J, Ros?n A, Kumar V, Trynka G, Franke L, Szperl A, Gutierrez-Achury J, van Diemen CC, Kanninga R, Jankipersadsing SA, Steck A, Eisenbarth G, van Heel DA, Cukrowska B, Bruno V, Mazzilli MC, N??ez C, Bilbao JR, Mearin ML, Barisani D, Rewers M, Norris JM, Ivarsson A, Boezen HM, Liu E, Wijmenga C. Improving coeliac disease risk prediction by testing non-HLA variants additional to HLA variants. Gut. 2014 Mar; 63(3):415-22. PMID: 23704318.
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    54. Kendall PL, Case JB, Sullivan AM, Holderness JS, Wells KS, Liu E, Thomas JW. Tolerant anti-insulin B cells are effective APCs. J Immunol. 2013 Mar 15; 190(6):2519-26. PMID: 23396943.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Frederiksen B, Liu E, Romanos J, Steck AK, Yin X, Kroehl M, Fingerlin TE, Erlich H, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M, Norris JM. Investigation of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and its interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene (PTPN2) on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Jan; 133:51-7. PMID: 22960018.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Steck AK, Wong R, Wagner B, Johnson K, Liu E, Romanos J, Wijmenga C, Norris JM, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers MJ. Effects of non-HLA gene polymorphisms on development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in a population with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes. Diabetes. 2012 Mar; 61(3):753-8. PMID: 22315323.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Simmons JH, Klingensmith GJ, McFann K, Rewers M, Ide LM, Taki I, Liu E, Hoffenberg EJ. Celiac autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes: a two-year follow-up. J Pediatr. 2011 Feb; 158(2):276-81.e1. PMID: 20817171.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Hoffenberg EJ, Liu E. Screening-identified celiac disease: who needs treatment and when? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Apr; 9(4):284-5. PMID: 21238607.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Taplin CE, Mojibian M, Simpson M, Taki I, Liu E, Hoffenberg EJ, Norris JM, Scott FW, Rewers M. Antibodies to the wheat storage globulin Glo-3A in children before and at diagnosis of celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Jan; 52(1):21-5. PMID: 21119542.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Devendra D, Uduku C, Liu E, Wilson Y. Discrepancies between histology and serology for the diagnosis of coeliac disease (1). Clin Med (Lond). 2010 Feb; 10(1):98; author reply 99. PMID: 20408323.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Babaya N, Yu L, Miao D, Wang J, Rewers M, Nakayama M, Liu E, Barker JM, Eisenbarth GS. Comparison of insulin autoantibody: polyethylene glycol and micro-IAA 1-day and 7-day assays. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2009 Oct; 25(7):665-70. PMID: 19768733.
      View in: PubMed
    62. O'Neill SK, Liu E, Cambier JC. Change you can B(cell)eive in: recent progress confirms a critical role for B cells in type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Aug; 16(4):293-8. PMID: 19502979.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Li M, Yu L, Eisenbarth GS. Murine high specificity/sensitivity competitive europium insulin autoantibody assay. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009 Apr; 11(4):227-33. PMID: 19344197.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Li M, Yu L, Tiberti C, Bonamico M, Taki I, Miao D, Murray JA, Rewers MJ, Hoffenberg EJ, Agardh D, Mueller P, Stern M, Bonifacio E, Liu E. A report on the International Transglutaminase Autoantibody Workshop for Celiac Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan; 104(1):154-63. PMID: 19098864.
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    65. Solvason N, Lou YP, Peters W, Evans E, Martinez J, Ramirez U, Ocampo A, Yun R, Ahmad S, Liu E, Yu L, Eisenbarth G, Leviten M, Steinman L, Garren H. Improved efficacy of a tolerizing DNA vaccine for reversal of hyperglycemia through enhancement of gene expression and localization to intracellular sites. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 15; 181(12):8298-307. PMID: 19050246.
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    66. Lu BR, Gralla J, Liu E, Dobyns EL, Narkewicz MR, Sokol RJ. Evaluation of a scoring system for assessing prognosis in pediatric acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Oct; 6(10):1140-5. PMID: 18928939.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Kobayashi M, Jasinski J, Liu E, Li M, Miao D, Zhang L, Yu L, Nakayama M, Eisenbarth GS. Conserved T cell receptor alpha-chain induces insulin autoantibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jul 22; 105(29):10090-4. PMID: 18626021.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Fukushima K, Abiru N, Nagayama Y, Kobayashi M, Satoh T, Nakahara M, Kawasaki E, Yamasaki H, Ueha S, Matsushima K, Liu E, Eguchi K. Combined insulin B:9-23 self-peptide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid accelerate insulitis but inhibit development of diabetes by increasing the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the islets in non-obese diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Mar 21; 367(4):719-24. PMID: 18194666.
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    69. Barker JM, Liu E. Celiac disease: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and associated autoimmune conditions. Adv Pediatr. 2008; 55:349-65. PMID: 19048738.
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    70. Zhang L, Gianani R, Nakayama M, Liu E, Kobayashi M, Baschal E, Yu L, Babu S, Dawson A, Johnson K, Jahromi M, Aly T, Fain P, Barker J, Rewers M, Eisenbarth GS. Type 1 diabetes: chronic progressive autoimmune disease. Novartis Found Symp. 2008; 292:85-94; discussion 94-8, 122-9, 202-3. PMID: 19203094.
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    71. Liu E, Eisenbarth GS. Accepting clocks that tell time poorly: fluid-phase versus standard ELISA autoantibody assays. Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov; 125(2):120-6. PMID: 17904423.
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    72. Liu E, Li M, Emery L, Taki I, Barriga K, Tiberti C, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers MJ, Hoffenberg EJ. Natural history of antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides and transglutaminase in early childhood celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Sep; 45(3):293-300. PMID: 17873740.
      View in: PubMed
    73. Kobayashi M, Abiru N, Arakawa T, Fukushima K, Zhou H, Kawasaki E, Yamasaki H, Liu E, Miao D, Wong FS, Eisenbarth GS, Eguchi K. Altered B:9-23 insulin, when administered intranasally with cholera toxin adjuvant, suppresses the expression of insulin autoantibodies and prevents diabetes. J Immunol. 2007 Aug 15; 179(4):2082-8. PMID: 17675466.
      View in: PubMed
    74. Nakayama M, Beilke JN, Jasinski JM, Kobayashi M, Miao D, Li M, Coulombe MG, Liu E, Elliott JF, Gill RG, Eisenbarth GS. Priming and effector dependence on insulin B:9-23 peptide in NOD islet autoimmunity. J Clin Invest. 2007 Jul; 117(7):1835-43. PMID: 17607359.
      View in: PubMed
    75. Simmons JH, Klingensmith GJ, McFann K, Rewers M, Taylor J, Emery LM, Taki I, Vanyi S, Liu E, Hoffenberg EJ. Impact of celiac autoimmunity on children with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr. 2007 May; 150(5):461-6. PMID: 17452216.
      View in: PubMed
    76. Liu E, Li M, Jasinski J, Kobayashi M, Gianani R, Nakayama M, Eisenbarth GS. Deleting islet autoimmunity. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2007; 48(2-3):177-82. PMID: 17709887.
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    77. Hoffenberg EJ, Liu E. Celiac disease for the allergist: who and how to screen. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007 Jan-Feb; 28(1):20-4. PMID: 17390752.
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    78. Devendra D, Miao D, Nakayama M, Eisenbarth GS, Liu E. Pancreatic autoimmunity induction with insulin B:9-23 peptide and viral mimics in the NZB mouse. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct; 1079:135-7. PMID: 17130544.
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    79. Jasinski JM, Yu L, Nakayama M, Li MM, Lipes MA, Eisenbarth GS, Liu E. Transgenic insulin (B:9-23) T-cell receptor mice develop autoimmune diabetes dependent upon RAG genotype, H-2g7 homozygosity, and insulin 2 gene knockout. Diabetes. 2006 Jul; 55(7):1978-84. PMID: 16804066.
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    80. Liu E. Genetic testing for celiac disease. MLO Med Lab Obs. 2006 Jan; 38(1):10-3; quiz 14-5. PMID: 16493904.
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    81. Devendra D, Jasinski J, Melanitou E, Nakayama M, Li M, Hensley B, Paronen J, Moriyama H, Miao D, Eisenbarth GS, Liu E. Interferon-alpha as a mediator of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005 Sep; 54(9):2549-56. PMID: 16123342.
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    82. Liu E, MacKenzie T, Dobyns EL, Parikh CR, Karrer FM, Narkewicz MR, Sokol RJ. Characterization of acute liver failure and development of a continuous risk of death staging system in children. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan; 44(1):134-41. PMID: 16169116.
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    83. Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS. Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Nature. 2005 May 12; 435(7039):220-3. PMID: 15889095.
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    84. Liu E, Li M, Bao F, Miao D, Rewers MJ, Eisenbarth GS, Hoffenberg EJ. Need for quantitative assessment of transglutaminase autoantibodies for celiac disease in screening-identified children. J Pediatr. 2005 Apr; 146(4):494-9. PMID: 15812452.
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    85. Liu E, Rewers M, Eisenbarth GS. Genetic testing: who should do the testing and what is the role of genetic testing in the setting of celiac disease? Gastroenterology. 2005 Apr; 128(4 Suppl 1):S33-7. PMID: 15825124.
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    86. Devendra D, Paronen J, Liu E, Moriyama H, Taylor R, Miao D, Yu L, Eisenbarth G. Comparative study of oral versus subcutaneous B:9-23 insulin peptide in Balb/c mice as an experimental model for autoimmune diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec; 1029:331-3. PMID: 15681773.
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    87. Devendra D, Paronen J, Liu E, Moriyama H, Miao D, Yu L, Eisenbarth GS. Differential immune induction with subcutaneous versus oral administration of a diabetogenic insulin peptide in the NOD mouse. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec; 1029:328-30. PMID: 15681772.
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    88. Melanitou E, Devendra D, Liu E, Miao D, Eisenbarth GS. Early and quantal (by litter) expression of insulin autoantibodies in the nonobese diabetic mice predict early diabetes onset. J Immunol. 2004 Dec 01; 173(11):6603-10. PMID: 15557150.
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    89. Liu E. Peptide-specific amelioration of T cell-mediated pathogenesis in murine type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2004 Oct; 113(1):1-2. PMID: 15380521.
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    90. Liu E, Moriyama H, Abiru N, Paronen J, Devendra D, Finkelman FD, Eisenbarth GS. Preventing peptide-induced anaphylaxis: addition of C-terminal amino acids to produce a neutral isoelectric point. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Sep; 114(3):607-13. PMID: 15356565.
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    91. Devendra D, Paronen J, Moriyama H, Miao D, Eisenbarth GS, Liu E. Differential immune response to B:9-23 insulin 1 and insulin 2 peptides in animal models of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun. 2004 Aug; 23(1):17-26. PMID: 15236749.
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    92. Paronen J, Liu E, Moriyama H, Devendra D, Ide A, Taylor R, Yu L, Miao D, Melanitou E, Eisenbarth GS. Genetic differentiation of poly I:C from B:9-23 peptide induced experimental autoimmune diabetes. J Autoimmun. 2004 Jun; 22(4):307-13. PMID: 15120754.
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    93. Aly T, Devendra D, Barker J, Liu E, Yu L, Eisenbarth GS. Heterophile antibodies masquerade as interferon-alpha in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004 May; 27(5):1205-6. PMID: 15111547.
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    94. Devendra D, Liu E, Eisenbarth GS. Type 1 diabetes: recent developments. BMJ. 2004 Mar 27; 328(7442):750-4. PMID: 15044291.
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    95. Rewers M, Liu E, Simmons J, Redondo MJ, Hoffenberg EJ. Celiac disease associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2004 Mar; 33(1):197-214, xi. PMID: 15053903.
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    96. Liu E, Yu L, Moriyama H, Eisenbarth GS. Animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes. Methods Mol Med. 2004; 102:195-212. PMID: 15286387.
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    97. Abiru N, Sun F, Kawasaki E, Yamasaki H, Oshima K, Nagayama Y, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T, Miao D, Liu E, Eisenbarth GS, Eguchi K. In vivo expression of B:9-23 peptide/I-A(g7) complex may abrogate the inhibition of diabetes induced by RGD-fiber-mutant adenovirus in NOD mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Nov; 1005:218-21. PMID: 14679063.
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    98. Melanitou E, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Glimcher LH, Eisenbarth G. Absence of the T-bet gene coding for the Th1-related transcription factor does not affect diabetes-associated phenotypes in Balb/c mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Nov; 1005:187-91. PMID: 14679057.
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    99. Liu E, Moriyama H, Paronen J, Abiru N, Miao D, Yu L, Taylor RM, Eisenbarth GS. Nondepleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevents diabetes and blocks induction of insulin autoantibodies following insulin peptide B:9-23 immunization in the NOD mouse. J Autoimmun. 2003 Nov; 21(3):213-9. PMID: 14599846.
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    100. Paronen J, Moriyama H, Abiru N, Sikora K, Melanitou E, Babu S, Bao F, Liu E, Miao D, Eisenbarth GS. Establishing insulin 1 and insulin 2 knockout congenic strains on NOD genetic background. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Nov; 1005:205-10. PMID: 14679060.
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    101. Liu E, Bao F, Barriga K, Miao D, Yu L, Erlich HA, Haas JE, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers MJ, Hoffenberg EJ. Fluctuating transglutaminase autoantibodies are related to histologic features of celiac disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Sep; 1(5):356-62. PMID: 15017653.
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    102. Moriyama H, Abiru N, Paronen J, Sikora K, Liu E, Miao D, Devendra D, Beilke J, Gianani R, Gill RG, Eisenbarth GS. Evidence for a primary islet autoantigen (preproinsulin 1) for insulitis and diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 02; 100(18):10376-81. PMID: 12925730.
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    103. Liu E, Moriyama H, Abiru N, Miao D, Yu L, Taylor RM, Finkelman FD, Eisenbarth GS. Anti-peptide autoantibodies and fatal anaphylaxis in NOD mice in response to insulin self-peptides B:9-23 and B:13-23. J Clin Invest. 2002 Oct; 110(7):1021-7. PMID: 12370280.
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    104. Liu E, Eisenbarth GS. Type 1A diabetes mellitus-associated autoimmunity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2002 Jun; 31(2):391-410, vii-viii. PMID: 12092457.
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    105. Eisenbarth GS, Moriyama H, Robles DT, Liu E, Yu L, Babu S, Redondo MJ, Redondo M, Gottlieb P, Wegmann D, Rewers M. Insulin autoimmunity: prediction/precipitation/prevention type 1A diabetes. Autoimmun Rev. 2002 May; 1(3):139-45. PMID: 12849007.
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    106. Moriyama H, Wen L, Abiru N, Liu E, Yu L, Miao D, Gianani R, Wong FS, Eisenbarth GS. Induction and acceleration of insulitis/diabetes in mice with a viral mimic (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) and an insulin self-peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 16; 99(8):5539-44. PMID: 11943868.
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    107. Liu E, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Miao D, Eisenbarth GS. Induction of insulin autoantibodies and protection from diabetes with subcutaneous insulin B:9-23 peptide without adjuvant. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr; 958:224-7. PMID: 12021111.
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