Black carbon lofts wildfire smoke high into the stratosphere to form a persistent plume.
Yu P, Toon OB, Bardeen CG, Zhu Y, Rosenlof KH, Portmann RW, Thornberry TD, Gao RS, Davis SM, Wolf ET, de Gouw J, Peterson DA, Fromm MD, Robock A. Black carbon lofts wildfire smoke high into the stratosphere to form a persistent plume. Science. 2019 08 09; 365(6453):587-590.