Colorado PROFILES, The Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI)
Keywords
Last Name
Institution
Menu

Contact Us
If you have any questions or feedback please contact us.

Alexander C Jr. Wiseman

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus
DepartmentSOM-MED
Phone720/848-2277

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    F32AI010362     (WISEMAN, ALEXANDER C)Sep 30, 1999
    NIH/NIAID
    EFFECTOR MECHANISMS OF CD4-MEDIATED ALLOGRAFT REJECTION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K08AI001851     (WISEMAN, ALEXANDER C)Sep 30, 2000 - May 31, 2006
    NIH/NIAID
    IFN-GAMMA IN ISLET CELL ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE INDUCTION
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Wiseman AC, Stites E, Kennealey P. Defining kidney allograft benefit from successful pancreas transplant: separating fact from fiction. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018 Jun 06. PMID: 29878910.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Davis S, Gralla J, Chan L, Wiseman A, Edelstein CL. Effect of Sirolimus on Native Total Kidney Volume After Transplantation in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Transplant Proc. 2018 Jun; 50(5):1243-1248. PMID: 29880342.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Wiseman AC. Protecting Donors and Safeguarding Altruism in the United States: The Living Donor Protection Act. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 May 07; 13(5):790-792. PMID: 29523678.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Davis S, Gralla J, Klem P, Tong S, Wedermyer G, Freed B, Wiseman A, Cooper JE. Lower tacrolimus exposure and time in therapeutic range increase the risk of de novo donor-specific antibodies in the first year of kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2018 Apr; 18(4):907-915. PMID: 28925597.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Stites E, Wiseman AC. Live donor kidney - PAK versus SPK: how to decide? Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017 Aug; 22(4):377-381. PMID: 28538038.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Mithani Z, Gralla J, Adebiyi O, Klem P, Cooper JE, Wiseman AC. De Novo Donor-Specific Antibody Formation in Tacrolimus-Based, Mycophenolate Versus Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Immunosuppressive Regimens. Exp Clin Transplant. 2018 02; 16(1):23-30. PMID: 28332959.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Newell KA, Formica RN, Gill JS, Schold JD, Allan JS, Covington SH, Wiseman AC, Chandraker A. Integrating APOL1 Gene Variants Into Renal Transplantation: Considerations Arising From the American Society of Transplantation Expert Conference. Am J Transplant. 2017 04; 17(4):901-911. PMID: 27997071.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Wiseman AC, Gill JS. Financial Incompatibility and Paired Kidney Exchange: Walking a Tightrope or Blazing a Trail? Am J Transplant. 2017 Mar; 17(3):597-598. PMID: 28024109.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Stites E, Kennealey P, Wiseman AC. Current status of pancreas transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2016 11; 25(6):563-569. PMID: 27653421.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Stites E, Wiseman AC. Multiorgan transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2016 10; 30(4):253-60. PMID: 27515042.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Laskey HL, Schomaker N, Hung KW, Asrani SK, Jennings L, Nydam TL, Gralla J, Wiseman A, Rosen HR, Biggins SW. Predicting renal recovery after liver transplant with severe pretransplant subacute kidney injury: The impact of warm ischemia time. Liver Transpl. 2016 08; 22(8):1085-91. PMID: 27302834.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Adebiyi OO, Gralla J, Klem P, Freed B, Davis S, Wiseman AC, Cooper JE. Clinical Significance of Pretransplant Donor-Specific Antibodies in the Setting of Negative Cell-Based Flow Cytometry Crossmatching in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant. 2016 Dec; 16(12):3458-3467. PMID: 27140940.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Levitsky J, O'Leary JG, Asrani S, Sharma P, Fung J, Wiseman A, Niemann CU. Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Recipients: Practice-Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice. Am J Transplant. 2016 09; 16(9):2532-44. PMID: 26932352; PMCID: PMC5007154 [Available on 09/01/17].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    14. Shah PB, Cooper JE, Lucia MS, Boils C, Larsen CP, Wiseman AC. APOL1 Polymorphisms in a Deceased Donor and Early Presentation of Collapsing Glomerulopathy and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Two Recipients. Am J Transplant. 2016 Jun; 16(6):1923-1927. PMID: 26849829.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Derkits D, Wiseman A, Snead RF, Dows M, Harge J, Lamp JA, Gronert S. Development and Evaluation of a Variable-Temperature Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2016 Feb; 27(2):339-43. PMID: 26483183.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Sung RS, Wiseman AC. Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplant: Too Many or Just Enough? Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Sep; 22(5):399-403. PMID: 26311602.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Wiseman AC. Immunosuppressive Medications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Feb 05; 11(2):332-43. PMID: 26170177; PMCID: PMC4741049.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    18. Wiseman AC. Induction Therapy in Renal Transplantation: Why? What Agent? What Dose? We May Never Know. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Jun 05; 10(6):923-5. PMID: 25979977; PMCID: PMC4455201.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Wiseman A, Sims LA, Snead R, Gronert S, Maclagan RG, Meot-Ner Mautner M. Protonation energies of 1-5-ring polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocyclics: comparing experiment and theory. J Phys Chem A. 2015 Jan 08; 119(1):118-26. PMID: 25479250.
      View in: PubMed
    20. McCune JS, Jacobson P, Wiseman A, Militano O. Optimizing drug therapy in pediatric SCT: focus on pharmacokinetics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015 Feb; 50(2):165-72. PMID: 25347008.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Getts DR, Kramer WG, Wiseman AC, Flechner SM. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TOL101, a murine IgM anti-human aß T cell receptor antibody, in renal transplant patients. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jul; 53(7):649-57. PMID: 24668001.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Cooper JE, Gralla J, Klem P, Chan L, Wiseman AC. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for donor-specific antibodies in kidney transplant recipients with acute and chronic graft dysfunction. Transplantation. 2014 Jun 27; 97(12):1253-9. PMID: 24937199.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Flechner SM, Mulgoankar S, Melton LB, Waid TH, Agarwal A, Miller SD, Fokta F, Getts MT, Frederick TJ, Herrman JJ, Puisis JP, O'Toole L, Sung R, Shihab F, Wiseman AC, Getts DR. First-in-human study of the safety and efficacy of TOL101 induction to prevent kidney transplant rejection. Am J Transplant. 2014 Jun; 14(6):1346-55. PMID: 24751150; PMCID: PMC4404309.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Kurian SM, Williams AN, Gelbart T, Campbell D, Mondala TS, Head SR, Horvath S, Gaber L, Thompson R, Whisenant T, Lin W, Langfelder P, Robison EH, Schaffer RL, Fisher JS, Friedewald J, Flechner SM, Chan LK, Wiseman AC, Shidban H, Mendez R, Heilman R, Abecassis MM, Marsh CL, Salomon DR. Molecular classifiers for acute kidney transplant rejection in peripheral blood by whole genome gene expression profiling. Am J Transplant. 2014 May; 14(5):1164-72. PMID: 24725967; PMCID: PMC4439107.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    25. Gralla J, Le CN, Cooper JE, Wiseman AC. The risk of acute rejection and the influence of induction agents in lower-risk African American kidney transplant recipients receiving modern immunosuppression. Clin Transplant. 2014 Mar; 28(3):292-8. PMID: 24476453.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Alfonso J, Gralla J, Klem P, Chan L, Wiseman AC, Cooper JE. High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Donor Specific Antibodies in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Acute and Chronic Graft Dysfunction: Updates on Previously Reported Cohorts. Clin Transpl. 2014; 161-70. PMID: 26281141.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Cooper JE, Wiseman AC. Acute kidney injury in kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2013 Nov; 22(6):698-703. PMID: 24076557.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Cooper M, Wiseman AC, Zibari G, McCague K, Kim Y, Geissler F, Nashan B. Wound events in kidney transplant patients receiving de novo everolimus: a pooled analysis of three randomized controlled trials. Clin Transplant. 2013 Nov-Dec; 27(6):E625-35. PMID: 24033455.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Ustun C, Wiseman AC, Defor TE, Yohe S, Linden MA, Oran B, Burke M, Warlick E, Miller JS, Weisdorf D. Achieving stringent CR is essential before reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in AML. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013 Nov; 48(11):1415-20. PMID: 23933764.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Peddi VR, Wiseman A, Chavin K, Slakey D. Review of combination therapy with mTOR inhibitors and tacrolimus minimization after transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2013 Oct; 27(4):97-107. PMID: 23932018.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Wiseman AC. Kidney transplant options for the diabetic patient. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2013 Oct; 27(4):112-6. PMID: 23927899.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Gralla J, Tong S, Wiseman AC. The impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatching on sensitization rates and subsequent retransplantation after first graft failure in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2013 May 27; 95(10):1218-24. PMID: 23478360.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Wiseman AC, Huang E, Kamgar M, Bunnapradist S. The impact of pre-transplant dialysis on simultaneous pancreas-kidney versus living donor kidney transplant outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Apr; 28(4):1047-58. PMID: 23355627.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Cooper JE, Gralla J, Adebiyi O, Wiseman AC, Chan L. Donor specific antibodies before and after kidney transplant: the University of Colorado Experience. Clin Transpl. 2013; 407-12. PMID: 25095536.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Wiseman AC, McCague K, Kim Y, Geissler F, Cooper M. The effect of everolimus versus mycophenolate upon proteinuria following kidney transplant and relationship to graft outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2013 Feb; 13(2):442-9. PMID: 23205690.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Wiseman AC. Removing financial disincentives to organ donation: an acceptable next step? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Dec; 7(12):1917-9. PMID: 23160262.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Wiseman AC, Gralla J. Simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant versus other kidney transplant options in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Apr; 7(4):656-64. PMID: 22344508.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Wiseman AC. Pancreas transplant options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: simultaneous pancreas kidney or pancreas after kidney? Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012 Feb; 17(1):80-6. PMID: 22186096.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Loganathan G, Dawra RK, Pugazhenthi S, Guo Z, Soltani SM, Wiseman A, Sanders MA, Papas KK, Velayutham K, Saluja AK, Sutherland DE, Hering BJ, Balamurugan AN. Insulin degradation by acinar cell proteases creates a dysfunctional environment for human islets before/after transplantation: benefits of a-1 antitrypsin treatment. Transplantation. 2011 Dec 15; 92(11):1222-30. PMID: 22089666; PMCID: PMC3587768.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    40. Gralla J, Huskey J, Wiseman AC. Trends in immune function assay (ImmuKnow; Cylex™) results in the first year post-transplant and relationship to BK virus infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jun; 27(6):2565-70. PMID: 22167591.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Huang E, Wiseman A, Okumura S, Kuo HT, Bunnapradist S. Outcomes of preemptive kidney with or without subsequent pancreas transplant compared with preemptive simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2011 Nov 27; 92(10):1115-22. PMID: 21959215.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Cooper JE, Gralla J, Cagle L, Goldberg R, Chan L, Wiseman AC. Inferior kidney allograft outcomes in patients with de novo donor-specific antibodies are due to acute rejection episodes. Transplantation. 2011 May 27; 91(10):1103-9. PMID: 21403588.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Huskey J, Wiseman AC. Chronic viral hepatitis in kidney transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011 Mar; 7(3):156-65. PMID: 21283138.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Cooper JE, Gralla J, Chan L, Wiseman AC. Clinical significance of post kidney transplant de novo DSA in otherwise stable grafts. Clin Transpl. 2011; 359-64. PMID: 22755431.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Huskey J, Gralla J, Wiseman AC. Single time point immune function assay (ImmuKnow) testing does not aid in the prediction of future opportunistic infections or acute rejection. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Feb; 6(2):423-9. PMID: 21088287; PMCID: PMC3052235.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    46. Goldberg RJ, Smits G, Wiseman AC. Long-term impact of donor-recipient size mismatching in deceased donor kidney transplantation and in expanded criteria donor recipients. Transplantation. 2010 Oct 27; 90(8):867-74. PMID: 20697325.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Wiseman AC. The role of kidney-pancreas transplantation in diabetic kidney disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2010 Oct; 10(5):385-91. PMID: 20661671; PMCID: PMC2922623.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    48. Gralla J, Wiseman AC. The impact of IL2ra induction therapy in kidney transplantation using tacrolimus- and mycophenolate-based immunosuppression. Transplantation. 2010 Sep 27; 90(6):639-44. PMID: 20595929.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Wiseman AC, Wainright JL, Sleeman E, McBride MA, Baker T, Samana C, Stock P. An analysis of the lack of donor pancreas utilization from younger adult organ donors. Transplantation. 2010 Sep 15; 90(5):475-80. PMID: 20595930.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Cooper JE, Huskey J, Chan L, Wiseman AC. Preemptive retransplant for BK virus nephropathy without concurrent transplant nephrectomy. Transplantation. 2010 Aug 15; 90(3):331-2. PMID: 20683427.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Loganathan G, Dawra RK, Pugazhenthi S, Wiseman AC, Sanders MA, Saluja AK, Sutherland DE, Hering BJ, Balamurugan AN. Culture of impure human islet fractions in the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin prevents insulin cleavage and improves islet recovery. Transplant Proc. 2010 Jul-Aug; 42(6):2055-7. PMID: 20692406; PMCID: PMC2924667.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. Gaber AO, Mulgaonkar S, Kahan BD, Woodle ES, Alloway R, Bajjoka I, Jensik S, Klintmalm GB, Patton PR, Wiseman A, Lipshutz G, Kupiec-Weglinski J, Gaber LW, Katz E, Irish W, Squiers EC, Hemmerich S. YSPSL (rPSGL-Ig) for improvement of early renal allograft function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center Phase IIa study. Clin Transplant. 2011 Jul-Aug; 25(4):523-33. PMID: 20573162.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Cooper JE, Wiseman AC. Novel immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol. 2010 May; 73(5):333-43. PMID: 20420793.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Cooper JE, Wiseman AC, Chan L. Bortezomib use in chronic antibody-mediated allograft dysfunction: updates and additional cases. Clin Transpl. 2010; 415-20. PMID: 21698838.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Klem P, Cooper JE, Weiss AS, Gralla J, Owen P, Chan L, Wiseman AC. Reduced dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction for prevention of acute rejection in high-risk kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2009 Oct 15; 88(7):891-6. PMID: 19935460.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Weiss AS, Smits G, Wiseman AC. Standard criteria donor pancreas donation status is associated with improved kidney transplant outcomes. Clin Transplant. 2009 Sep-Oct; 23(5):732-9. PMID: 19732097.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Weber NK, Wiseman AC, Trotter JF. Corticosteroid elimination in simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation recipients. Clin Transplant. 2009 Nov-Dec; 23(6):958-63. PMID: 19664017.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Wiseman AC. Simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation: a critical appraisal of the risks and benefits compared with other treatment alternatives. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jul; 16(4):278-87. PMID: 19576558.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Gralla J, Wiseman AC. Tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimus/mycophenolate in kidney transplantation: improved 3-year graft and patient survival in recent era. Transplantation. 2009 Jun 15; 87(11):1712-9. PMID: 19502965.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Weiss AS, Smits G, Wiseman AC. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney versus deceased donor kidney transplant: can a fair comparison be made? Transplantation. 2009 May 15; 87(9):1402-10. PMID: 19424043.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Weiss AS, Smits G, Wiseman AC. Twelve-month pancreas graft function significantly influences survival following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 May; 4(5):988-95. PMID: 19406961; PMCID: PMC2676188.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    62. Wiseman AC. Polyomavirus nephropathy: a current perspective and clinical considerations. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Jul; 54(1):131-42. PMID: 19394729.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Cooper JE, Wiseman AC, Chan L. Bortezomib use in chronic antibody-mediated allograft dysfunction: a report of three cases. Clin Transpl. 2009; 455-9. PMID: 20524314.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Weiss AS, Gralla J, Chan L, Klem P, Wiseman AC. Aggressive immunosuppression minimization reduces graft loss following diagnosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy: a comparison of two reduction strategies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Nov; 3(6):1812-9. PMID: 18650404; PMCID: PMC2572268.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    65. Jensen GS, Wiseman A, Trotter JF. Sirolimus conversion for renal preservation in liver transplantation: not so fast. Liver Transpl. 2008 May; 14(5):601-3. PMID: 18433068.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Bansal S, Lucia MS, Wiseman A. A case of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy presenting late after transplantation. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 May; 4(5):283-7. PMID: 18334968.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Sarkar SA, Gunter J, Bouchard R, Reusch JE, Wiseman A, Gill RG, Hutton JC, Pugazhenthi S. Dominant negative mutant forms of the cAMP response element binding protein induce apoptosis and decrease the anti-apoptotic action of growth factors in human islets. Diabetologia. 2007 Aug; 50(8):1649-59. PMID: 17593347.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Sarkar SA, Wong R, Hackl SI, Moua O, Gill RG, Wiseman A, Davidson HW, Hutton JC. Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by interferon-gamma in human islets. Diabetes. 2007 Jan; 56(1):72-9. PMID: 17192467.
      View in: PubMed
    69. Gibney EM, Cagle LR, Freed B, Warnell SE, Chan L, Wiseman AC. Detection of donor-specific antibodies using HLA-coated microspheres: another tool for kidney transplant risk stratification. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006 Sep; 21(9):2625-9. PMID: 16644776.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Gianani R, Putnam A, Still T, Yu L, Miao D, Gill RG, Beilke J, Supon P, Valentine A, Iveson A, Dunn S, Eisenbarth GS, Hutton J, Gottlieb P, Wiseman A. Initial results of screening of nondiabetic organ donors for expression of islet autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May; 91(5):1855-61. PMID: 16478822.
      View in: PubMed
    71. Gibney EM, Edelstein CL, Wiseman AC, Bak T. Page kidney causing reversible acute renal failure: an unusual complication of transplant biopsy. Transplantation. 2005 Jul 27; 80(2):285-6. PMID: 16041280.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Wiseman AC, Linas S. Disorders of potassium and acid-base balance. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 May; 45(5):941-9. PMID: 15861362.
      View in: PubMed
    73. Gibney EM, Parikh CR, Jani A, Fischer MJ, Collier D, Wiseman AC. Kidney transplantation for systemic sclerosis improves survival and may modulate disease activity. Am J Transplant. 2004 Dec; 4(12):2027-31. PMID: 15575905.
      View in: PubMed
    74. Wiseman AC, Kam I, Christians U, Jani A, Bak T, Wachs M, Chan L. Fixed-dose sirolimus with reduced dose calcineurin inhibitor: the University of Colorado experience. Transplant Proc. 2003 May; 35(3 Suppl):122S-124S. PMID: 12742482.
      View in: PubMed
    75. Wiseman AC, Pietra BA, Kelly BP, Rayat GR, Rizeq M, Gill RG. Donor IFN-gamma receptors are critical for acute CD4(+) T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 01; 167(9):5457-63. PMID: 11673565.
      View in: PubMed
    76. Pietra BA, Wiseman A, Bolwerk A, Rizeq M, Gill RG. CD4 T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection requires donor but not host MHC class II. J Clin Invest. 2000 Oct; 106(8):1003-10. PMID: 11032860; PMCID: PMC314344.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    Wiseman's Networks
    Click the "See All" links for more information and interactive visualizations!
    Concepts Expand Description
    See all (268) concept(s)
    _
    Co-Authors Expand Description
    See all (21) people
    _
    Similar People Expand Description
    See all (60) people
    _
    Same Department Expand Description
    Search Department
    Physical Neighbors Expand Description
    _

    Copyright © 2017 The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved. (Harvard PROFILES RNS software version: 2.10.0)